In his later years, Engels used historical materialism to examine the early history of bet365 refer a friend code，Leave a trilogy of Christian studies，That is, "Bruno Powell and Primitive bet365 refer a friend code", "Revelation" and "On the History of Primitive bet365 refer a friend code"。He said，“The history of primitive bet365 refer a friend code has some noteworthy commonalities with the modern labor movement”。This judgment caused some misunderstandings，People think that Engels’ attitude toward religion in his later years showed a milder change compared to his youth。

Engels said，bet365 refer a friend code is the same as the modern labor movement，“A movement of the oppressed at the time of its creation；It was originally slaves and freed slaves、Poor and powerless、The religion of people conquered or dispersed by Rome。Both bet365 refer a friend code and workers’ socialism preached a future salvation from slavery and poverty；bet365 refer a friend code is in the life beyond death，Seeking this kind of salvation in heaven，Socialism is in this world，Seeking in social transformation”。Anton Menger asked: Why was land ownership so concentrated in the era of the Roman emperors，Under the circumstances that the working class at that time, which was almost entirely composed of slaves, was suffering infinite pain，Socialism did not appear with the fall of the Western Roman Empire。Engels’ clear reply: This “socialism” was possible to the extent possible at the time，It did exist，Even achieved dominance - that is bet365 refer a friend code。Nothing more，The bet365 refer a friend code of that time，We can only hope to achieve social transformation in the other world，Not in this world。

Engels’s class characteristics、Group Intention、The four aspects of suffering and final results compare the similarities between primitive bet365 refer a friend code and the modern labor movement。He believes that primitive bet365 refer a friend code actually assumed a large part of the role played by the labor movement in modern society。Actually，This similarity between primitive bet365 refer a friend code and the modern labor movement is not a single phenomenon，The peasant uprisings in the Middle Ages also had similar characteristics。Engels pointed out in "The German Peasants' War" (1850)，The anti-feudal revolutionary opposition always has a strong religious overtone，Occurs in the form of mysticism and paganism。The peasant-popular pagan religion led by Münzer at that time，It is the struggle to revive the increasingly degenerate primitive bet365 refer a friend code。Engels also made a special observation，Münzer was already using Christian forms to preach a form of pantheism，It has striking similarities with modern speculative views，Some places are even close to atheism，Such a political theory goes far beyond the social and political conditions of the 16th century。Münzer’s program was not so much a summary of the demands of the common people at the time，Rather, it is a genius idea of ​​the liberating conditions for the proletarian elements that had just begun to develop among the common people at that time。

It was this early observation that led Engels to develop a keen interest in primitive bet365 refer a friend code，This is how we got the series of research in our later years。Then，What does primitive bet365 refer a friend code look like？So much so that Engels said it has similarities with the modern labor movement。The Book of Revelation was written in the earliest days of bet365 refer a friend code，About 67-68 AD。As the earliest piece of writing in the New Testament，It "reflects the concepts of the time with the simplest authenticity and corresponding customary language"。Thus in showing the true face of primitive bet365 refer a friend code，It has unparalleled advantages。

"Revelation" consists of seven opening letters and the main text，Recording the vision of the apostle John on the island of Patmos。Through detailed text analysis，Engels made the following observations: First，There is already a fundamental concept of bet365 refer a friend code in the seven letters，That is, all eras、All human sins are forgiven through the voluntary sacrifice of Jesus Christ。It is precisely with this concept，Primitive bet365 refer a friend code later developed into a world religion。Second，The author always calls himself or calls his church members “Jews”，Not another name。It can be seen from this，bet365 refer a friend code here does not yet have self-awareness，They believe that they represent a new stage in the development of Judaism。Third，The original Christians also split into many sects。The author is like bashing the evil outside world，Fiercely criticize these sects。Fourth，The seven letters strongly call on fellow believers to enthusiastically publicize，Be brave enough to publicly admit your beliefs，Unyieldingly fight against internal and external enemies。Fifth，A series of illusions described in the text，All materials from pre-Christian Judaism。Only one thing about bet365 refer a friend code，That is, emphasizing that the Kingdom of Christ is coming，And the resurrected martyrs are glorious。

The original Christians came mainly from the lowest strata of the people。They suffered a lot，Thus it is easy to form factors for revolution，Among them are the bankrupt free citizens of the city，There are also freed slaves and unfreed slaves，Especially the latter，And small farmers who are deeply in debt。Enslaved、Oppressed、The situation of being reduced to abject poverty forces them to find a way out。At that time，The way out can only be in the field of religion。So bet365 refer a friend code appeared at the right time，Imagine heaven and hell，Establish a road that leads people from the suffering of earth to the eternal kingdom of heaven。

It can be said，The Book of Revelation presents the faith of a fighting group in the earliest stages of the development of bet365 refer a friend code。bet365 refer a friend code at that time did not have self-awareness，The doctrine is also relatively rough，It is related to the world religions that were later fixed in dogma at the Council of Nicaea，There is a huge difference，So much so that it is difficult to recognize the former from the latter。bet365 refer a friend code as a World Religion，Developed a strict feudal hierarchy，Gradually becoming a means of mental control for the ruling class。The Book of Revelation shows an ongoing struggle against the entire earth，And the desire and confidence to win。Engels believes，This desire and confidence have been completely lost among modern Christians，Only among socialists。

Engels pointed out: "The struggle against the earthly world which was extremely powerful at first，At the same time fighting among the innovators themselves，This is a characteristic of primitive Christians，It is also a characteristic of socialists。Neither of these two great movements was created by leaders or prophets (although both had their fair share of prophets)，Both are mass movements。”Visible，Engels stood on the basis of mass movements and the resistance of the people at the bottom，Discuss the commonalities between primitive bet365 refer a friend code and the modern labor movement。What he sees is the material interest elements and class characteristics behind the mass movement and the resistance of the people at the bottom，These were all lost in later institutionalized bet365 refer a friend code。

It must be pointed out，First，Engels discussed the similarities between primitive bet365 refer a friend code and the modern labor movement，The similarity between bet365 refer a friend code, which is neither one of the three major world religions known to modern people, and socialism，It is not the affinity between primitive bet365 refer a friend code and socialism。Because，"similarity" as used by Engels，It refers to the essential difference between primitive bet365 refer a friend code and socialism。We cannot misunderstand the nature of primitive bet365 refer a friend code just because of this similarity judgment。

Secondly，Engels’s judgment is an objective research result of analyzing the history of religion from the standpoint of dialectical materialism and historical materialism。He uses history to explain religion，Trying to discover the social and historical laws governing religious phenomena。He tried to answer some religious-related phenomena encountered in the Communist International movement，Exploring historical knowledge for the development of socialism。Since the formation of historical materialism in 1848，Engels’s treatment of bet365 refer a friend code or religion，Always adhere to the position of materialism and atheism。Engels started by criticizing religion in his youth，Gradually forming a historical materialism，In his later years, he was guided by historical materialism，Re-examining religion，In order to discover the general laws of motion in this field。If you think Engels’s attitude towards religion has changed slightly，That has to be said to be a misunderstanding。

Through the Christian Trilogy，Engels left us a classic example of using historical materialism to study religion in his later years，Help us understand what is unique about primitive bet365 refer a friend code，Understanding the complex role of religion in the history of human society。Engels’ thoughts on religion provide an important position for the study of today’s Marxist views on religion、Views and methods。

　(Author’s affiliation: Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of bet365 refer a friend code Sciences)