Zhang Yuan: Buddhist elements influence the creation of bet365 sign up bonus code literature
March 05, 2019 08:41 Source: "bet365 sign up bonus code Social Sciences Journal" Issue 1645, March 5, 2019 Author: Zhang Yuan

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bet365 sign up bonus code was introduced to China from the Eastern Han Dynasty,Experienced、Running-in、Integration,Finally, "the three religions are unified" with Confucianism and Taoism,Complete localization has become mainstream Chinese culture。Its development and evolution,It also left very obvious traces in ancient Chinese popular literature。

The worship of Buddhism was prevalent bet365 sign up bonus code Six Dynasties,From Du Mu’s “Four Hundred and Eighty Temples bet365 sign up bonus code Southern Dynasties,The prosperous development of Buddhist temples bet365 sign up bonus code Six Dynasties can be seen bet365 sign up bonus code sigh of "how many towers are bet365 sign up bonus code mist and rain"。The connection between ancient Chinese popular literature and Buddhism,Zhiguai novels originated bet365 sign up bonus code Six Dynasties。Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji" "Occasionally Shi Shi said",Since then, Buddhism has begun to penetrate into the writing of Chinese popular novels;"Xu Qi Xie Ji" by Wu Jun of the Liang Dynasty contains a story about "Yangxian Goose Cage",From this we can see the significant influence of Buddhism introduced from India on ancient Chinese popular novels。The story is very bizarre: "Yang Xian Xu Yan walked with a goose cage on his back,I met a scholar who complained of foot pain and asked to be sent to a cage。To the foot of a tree,The scholar spit out food and utensils from his mouth,Drink with Yan,Sitting together with a woman。Scholar lying drunk,A woman spits on a man。Woman lying drunk,The man vomited again and the woman drank together。Scholar's desire,The woman covered the scholar with brocade tent again,Come in and sleep together。The man vomited another woman while drinking。Everyone swallows what he vomits later,The scholar gave Yan a copper plate and left。”In fact,This storyline is directly based on Buddhist scriptures。The "Sutra of Allegories" contains "The Art of Former Brahma Zhi",Spit out a pot,There is a woman and the screen,bet365 sign up bonus code writer's room。Fanzhi Shaoxi,Female Restoration Technique,Spit out a pot,There is a man bet365 sign up bonus code middle,Lie together again。Fan Zhijue,Evoke each other in order,Leave with a zhang”。The difference is,"Xu Qi Xie Ji" changed "Fan Zhi Zu Shu" in "The Sutra of Allegories" to "Yang Xian Scholar",The content also turns to express the secular issues of society。

Lu Xun thinks,"Shi's Book of Assistant Teaching,"Sui Zhi" records nine families... Today, Yan Zhitui's "Wrongful Souls Zhi" is preserved,Quoting scriptures and history to prove retribution,The beginning of mixing Confucianism and Buddhism has been opened"。bet365 sign up bonus code impression of ordinary people,Yan Zhitui is the successor of authentic Confucianism,His "Yan Family Instructions" is well known to the Chinese,But his novel "The Wrongful Soul" is a "mix of Confucianism and Buddhism",It can be seen that Buddhism has already begun to influence Chinese novels in their infancy、infiltration。Therefore,We can regard the novels of ghosts, gods and spirits bet365 sign up bonus code Six Dynasties as the beginning of the marriage between Chinese popular literature and Buddhism。

From the worship of Buddhism bet365 sign up bonus code early Tang Dynasty to Han Yu’s public opposition to Buddhism in "Admonishment to Welcome the Buddha's Bone Table",When Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty destroyed Buddhism,Buddhism experienced a tortuous development process bet365 sign up bonus code Tang Dynasty。Tang Dynasty Bianwen、Legend is a form of literary production bet365 sign up bonus code developmental period of the marriage between popular literature and Buddhism。As the basis for the transformation of rap skills bet365 sign up bonus code Tang Dynasty,Bianwen was under the influence of the so-called "singing guide" of Buddhist monks,Inherit the Yuefu poems of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties、Zhiguai novel、A literary style gradually developed and matured by literary traditions such as Zafu。The Bianwen bet365 sign up bonus code early Tang Dynasty was based on "or miscellaneous sequence of causes and conditions",It may be possible to combine the preaching form of "quoting allegories" and the form of folk rap to interpret stories of magical transformations in Buddhist scriptures。It is the same as the "disguised form" in paintings bet365 sign up bonus code early Tang Dynasty that depicts the story of Buddha's life,First appeared in Buddhist Temple Zen Gate,It is the art of Buddhist classics、Visual product。Monks want to popularize the profound Buddhist scriptures,Attract more listeners,So some historical stories and realistic content were gradually added,The so-called "Shang Que Jing Lun",Collection of Book History”。According to Liang Shi Huijiao’s "Biography of Eminent Monks: Introduction to Singing",Monks preach Buddhism as "the five members of the monks",You must express the impermanence of words,Bitter confession;If you are the king and the elder,You must also quote the popular scriptures,Qizongchengci;If you are a commoner,You must point out the shape of things,Talk directly about what you hear;If it were a mountain people’s wilderness,You need to speak closely to the situation,Chen reprimanded the same。What a perversion,Thriving with things,It can be said that you know the times,A good speaker”。So,This style of writing is characterized by both speaking and singing、combination of rhyme and white、Plain language、Close to spoken language,Select themes from Buddhist scriptures。Zhang Zhongxing pointed out,bet365 sign up bonus code Bianwen of the Tang and Five Dynasties, "the content of the story no matter what genre it is expressed in",Monks are often mentioned、Temple、Practice、Supernatural power、Bodhisattva、Arhat,Even Yama、Hell、Ghost、Retribution, etc.”。A combination of Tang Dynasty Bianwen and prose rhyme derived from Buddhist scriptures、Good at laying out,Create a world where humans and gods are mixed,Later Ming Dynasty gods and demons novels will be directly inherited from this。

Tang legends have a special status in ancient Chinese popular novels,The author has developed the consciousness of novel creation。The novels of Yuan Zhen and Li Gongzuo, the two legendary figures of the Tang Dynasty, have more obvious traces of Buddhist influence。The story of Cui Zhang told by Yuan Zhen in "The Story of Yingying" takes place bet365 sign up bonus code Buddhist temple Pujiu Temple,The story of Huang Liang Yimeng in Li Gongzuo's "The Biography of the Prefect of Nanke" reveals the Buddhist concepts of "emptiness" and "illusion"。"The Biography of Yingying" and "The Biography of the Prefect of Nanke" further influenced Yuan and Ming operas,"The Romance of the West Chamber" by Wang Shifu、Tang Xianzu's "Nanke Ji" is derived from these two legends。

It has become a social consensus bet365 sign up bonus code Song Dynasty to support Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism,Whether it is Wang Anshi’s new learning,It is still the Shu school of Su Shi and his son,Or is it Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism,“Confucianism and Buddhism” have become the common characteristics of various schools of thought,That is, under the appearance of orthodox Confucianism, there are elements of Buddhism hidden。The manifestation of this ideological reality in popular literature,That is, Song and Yuan opera scripts and Buddhism have been integrated。Everyone knows,Foyin is a famous Buddhist figure,Su Shi is a literary master who has profound attainments in Buddhism and has close relationships with people bet365 sign up bonus code Buddhist community。People created a lot of operas based on this、Novel,For example, Hao Changling's "Dongpo Dream of Four Friends among the Flowers" of the Yuan Dynasty unfolds the story based on Su Shi's experience after being demoted to Huangzhou,Su Shi wanted to use a trick to force the Buddha's seal to return to secular life,Go to the officialdom to share the worries of the people,Unexpectedly, it was planned by Foyin,Having fun with four friends among flowers in a dream。When Su Shi woke up from the dream, he realized that Nanke Yimeng,Even to great enlightenment,Feeling like worldly things、Fame and fortune、Everything is in vain。The secularization of the monk's seal and the Buddha's heart and nature of the scholar Su Shi are truly reproduced bet365 sign up bonus code play。In addition,Drama novels that show the story of the relationship between Foyin and Su Shi include Yang Jingyan’s drama "Foyin Roast Pig to See"、The legendary "Golden Lotus" by Chen Ruyuan bet365 sign up bonus code Ming Dynasty;The novels include "The Private Red Lotus of the Five Precepts", "The Meeting of the Second Dongpo Foyin", "The Meeting of the Second Dongpo Foyin", "Zen Master Mingwu Catches the Five Precepts", "The Four-Tune Qin Girl of the Foyin Master", etc.,The influence of Buddhist factors is obvious。

Ming and Qing Dynasties,Buddhism has shed its outsider status and label,The "unity of the three religions" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism has become a general consensus among social elites and the people。This is especially obvious bet365 sign up bonus code Ming and Qing chapter novels。The novel "Fengshen Zhuan", a novel about gods and demons, is a typical representative of this kind of "unity of three religions" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism,Slightly like "Journey to the West",I talk about famous religions,Mixing the three religions,Slightly like "Journey to the West" 。

In addition to "mixing the three religions","Karma" has also become the basic model for the continuation of ancient Chinese human love novels。The Ming Dynasty's novel "Jin Ping Mei" is one of the so-called "Four Wonderful Books" of the Ming Dynasty,"The Continuation of the Plum bet365 sign up bonus code Golden Vase" by Ding Yaokang of the Qing Dynasty,At the beginning of the volume, there is "Yin and Yang Wordless Interpretation of Taishang Induction Chapter",The main idea is nothing more than karma and retribution。As Lu Xun said: "The idea of ​​"Continuing the Plum bet365 sign up bonus code Golden Ping" is very simple...it all describes the evil consequences of others' entanglement...and also quotes from Buddhist scriptures, Taoist scriptures and Confucianism,Explain in detail... Gu Shijiu took "Induction" as his destination,The so-called ‘talk about Buddhism and Taoism’,Let’s start with cause and effect,There is no proof of cause and effect,Starting from "Jin Ping Mei" again。’” “The movie “Jin Ping Mei” contains a dirty word,The sequel to "The Golden Ping Mei" left a blank mark,It’s self-retribution,Transfer to Buddhism”。Of course,The "so-called Buddhism" in "The Golden Ping Mei",Very impure,Still mixed with Confucianism and Taoism,The meaning is not very different from that of writers of novels about gods and demons”。Lu Xun saw the profound influence of the "three religions in one" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism on Chinese popular novels。"A Dream of Red Mansions" is a masterpiece of Chinese classical novels,The "emptiness" and "illusion" that run through it are actually Buddhist、Integration of Taoist Thoughts,Most of its sequels cannot escape the influence of Buddhism such as "karma and retribution",Even the last generation of novels imitating the Tang Dynasty such as "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio",For example, Yu Yue's "Ear Mail" also fell into the fate of karma。

Throughout ancient popular literature,Zhiguai from the Six Dynasties、Bianwen Legend bet365 sign up bonus code Tang Dynasty、Drama scripts from the Song and Yuan Dynasties to chapter novels from the Ming and Qing Dynasties,The development is related to the sprouting of Buddhism in China、Development、Mature、Take root and complement each other。

 (Author’s Affiliation: bet365 sign up bonus code Liberal Arts, Soochow University)

Editor: bet365 sign up bonus code Yueying
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