Debating scriptures is called "Qiecuo" in Tibetan，Means "Buddhist Debate"，The meaning of Indian Buddhism。After Debate was introduced to Tibet from India，Experienced the reforms of generations of monks，reaching perfection。Among them, the monk who made the greatest contribution is the monk Chapaqusang in the mid-12th century。The "Quantitative Theory and Meaning" written by him established the basic form of Tibetan sutra debate and the specific advanced learning sequence。rumored，In the process of studying, Chabachusang found that the clear meaning was obscure and difficult to understand，And the name and appearance、The learning of concepts is extremely important。So，He specially wrote "Quantity Theory and Meaning" to explain Chen Na、Dharmakīrti’s theory of cause and effect，And summarize bet365 refer a friend code into a quantitative system formed by eighteen pairs of categories，from Xiaoli Road to Zhongli Road，Go to Dali Road，From easy to difficult。This set of debate forms based on "photography"，Constitutes an important part of Tibetan Buddhism’s unique monastic education system and sutra debate examination system。A simple and complete debate mainly consists of debate issues、Composed of three parts: offensive and defensive parties and debate rules。Normally，The side standing in the debate is the attacking side，Because bet365 refer a friend code always questions the topic by constructing the corresponding form，That’s why they are called refuters；The side sitting is the defending side，Customized to be called adversaries，Can only respond in four basic ways。In the process of debating scripture，Questions and answers for both offense and defense。

　　bet365 refer a friend code used by the rebuttal

Yingcheng style originated from ancient India，"should be" means "should be"，bet365 refer a friend code is to explain what views the opponent accepts or what views he must accept based on his position。15th century，Glupaike Zhujie directly equates the corresponding form with the able breaking form。Therefore，The should-become formula is also called the should-become refutation formula or the should-become inference formula，Ju Zonglin calls bet365 refer a friend code the language form of using the spear of the son to attack the shield of the son。Specifically，A corresponding formula is composed of Zong branch and Cause branch，Expressed in Yinming terms，The basic form is "Zongqian Chen Youfa，Should be Empress Chen，bet365 refer a friend code’s because”。The identity of the Yingcheng formula and Chen Na’s three-limb formula and Dharmakīrti、Different expressions are both related and different。First，From the perspective of composition，Chen Na’s three-branch argument form Youzong、Because、The three branches of metaphor，Same as Dharma name、Different formulas are composed of metaphorical branches and causal branches，Zong branch omitted，The corresponding formula is composed of Zong branch and Cause branch。Secondly，From a functional perspective，The identity of Chenna’s three-branch formula and Dharmakīrti、The different formulas are all "can establish" argument formulas used to establish one's own sect，The Yingcheng style is the "can break" theory used to break other sects。

In addition，If expressed in syllogism terms，The basic form of the should-be-formed formula is "小词有法，Should be a big word，bet365 refer a friend code’s a Chinese word”。For example，Syllogism "All men are mortal，Zhang San is a human being，So Zhang San is dead”，Among them，"Zhang San" is a diminutive word，“Death” is a big word，“人” is the middle word，Translating bet365 refer a friend code into the corresponding form is "Zhang San Youfa，There must be death，bet365 refer a friend code’s a death”。bet365 refer a friend code can be seen from this，Syllogisms and corresponding forms can be translated into each other。

Then，After the syllogism satisfying the properties of valid reasoning is translated into the corresponding form，Are these properties also retained?？The answer is yes，Because a syllogism is valid，bet365 refer a friend code lies in the small words bet365 refer a friend code contains、中文、There is a certain relationship between the three big words。These terms are translated as corresponding forms，Their respective roles、The role played has not changed。As in the previous example，“人” is the cause in the corresponding form，Still plays an intermediary role；"Zhang San" is Zongqian Chen，is the subject of the clan，still functions as a small word；"Death" is Zonghou Chen，bet365 refer a friend code is the predicate of Zongzhi，Still plays the role of a big word。"Zhang San has a method，There must be death，bet365 refer a friend code’s a death。”Due to his close relationship with the empress Chen，That is, all mortals are mortal，So once the enemy commentators admit that "Zhang San is a human being"，You must accept that "Zhang Sanying is dead"。In other words，In a corresponding expression without errors，As long as the opponent admits the cause of this should-be-formed form，At the same time, we also recognize the pervasive relationship of this should-be-formed form，Then we must admit this sect of should-be-formed style。As stated in "Liangli Zhuangyan", "The nature of the formula should be formed，Li Yin and Zhou Pian are established in each other’s understanding (thoughts)，And can get rid of the sect’s meaning”。

　　bet365 refer a friend code of answering opponents’ opinions

　For the corresponding expressions thrown out by the refutationists，What should the opponent’s reply be?？In general，There are four basic ways to respond，Promise、Because bet365 refer a friend code doesn’t work、Not weekly and weekly are inconsistent。The first is a positive answer，The remaining three negative answers。The reason why adversaries have only these four ways of answering，bet365 refer a friend code’s because these four ways of answering exhausted Zongqian Chen、Zonghou Chen、Because of the relationship between the three。

bet365 refer a friend code might as well be explained with a specific example。For example，Rebutters throw out "There is a way to mercury，Should be metal，bet365 refer a friend code is a solid, so "when"，Because mercury is a metal，Then the opponent must respond with "promise，Mercury is a metal”，To express his acceptance of the conclusion。Another example，Rebutters throw out "There is a way to mercury，Should not be metal，bet365 refer a friend code is a solid, so "when"，Because the opponents cannot accept that mercury is not a metal，We cannot accept that mercury is a solid，Then the opponent should respond "Mercury is solid，Because bet365 refer a friend code failed”。Zaru，Rebutters throw out "There is a way to mercury，bet365 refer a friend code should be vinegar，bet365 refer a friend code’s a liquid so”，Although compared to the situation of failure，The mercury in this example is indeed a liquid，But the liquid is full of vinegar，So the opponent should answer "If the liquid is not all around, bet365 refer a friend code is vinegar"。Not bad，Rebutters throw out "There is a way to mercury，Should be stone，bet365 refer a friend code’s a liquid so”，Although compared to the situation of failure，The mercury in this example is indeed a liquid，But the liquid everywhere is not a stone，So the opponent should answer "If the liquid is everywhere, bet365 refer a friend code is not a stone"。

More generally，In response to the corresponding form "S has a method" given by the rebuttal，Should be P，Because of M”，The first thing the adversary should consider is "Is S a P?"？”，When the opponent agrees that S is P，Anti-complainers should answer "promise"，The complete answer is "Promise S is P"；When the antagonist thinks “S is not P”，Anti-theorists should consider "Is S an M?？”，If "S is not M"，Anti-competitors should answer "because bet365 refer a friend code doesn't work"，The complete answer should be "S is M，Because bet365 refer a friend code failed”；If the antagonist thinks “S is not P” and “S is M”，Anti-competitors should consider "Is P's circumference M?"？”If “if P is M”，Anti-competitors should answer "not thorough"，The complete answer should be "If M is not everywhere, bet365 refer a friend code is P"；If the opponent thinks that "S is not P", "S is M" and "P is not M"，An enemy commentator should answer "bet365 refer a friend code contradicts everything"，The complete answer should be "If bet365 refer a friend code is M, bet365 refer a friend code is not P"。

bet365 refer a friend code’s not difficult to find，In specific debates，The adversary will usually follow a path to help him decide between the four responses，i.e. when a corresponding expression is given，An enemy commentator must first consider whether the clan branch is established，If true，Answer “promise” in the affirmative；If not，further examine the relationship between Yin and Zongqian Chen。If cause is not Zongqianchen’s attribute，The answer is "because bet365 refer a friend code can't be done"；If not，Then consider the relationship with Zonghou Chen。If there is a clan queen, Chen is the reason，The answer is "not thorough"；If not，The answer is "Contrary to each other"。Such a choice path seems a bit troublesome，But bet365 refer a friend code is the easiest to operate，Practice makes perfect，Able to react quickly in intense debates。

　Exploring the rules of Bible bet365 refer a friend code through the “red and white” color bet365 refer a friend code

The process of Tibetan scripture debate can be roughly divided into preparations、Three stages of confrontation and announcement of results，Here we take the "red and white" color debate in the opening chapter of Xiaolilu in "Photography" as an example。The basic proposition of the enemy is that "if bet365 refer a friend code is color (color)，bet365 refer a friend code’s all red”。Rebutters do not accept this claim，Opposite，He believes that there are things with color but not red，Such as "The color of the white snail"。

In preparation stage，The rebuttal first confirms that the fundamental claim of the opponent is "if bet365 refer a friend code shows color，bet365 refer a friend code’s all red”。This shows the arguments of the opponents，bet365 refer a friend code also shows that the opponent’s strategy is not to rush to deny his point of view。This is somewhat similar to Socrates’ “midwifery” in ancient Greece，They all follow each other’s opinions，Push down step by step，See what you can find，bet365 refer a friend code feels like playing hard to get。

In the confrontation phase，In order to make the enemy commentators give up their fundamental claims，Rebuttal will set up a series of corresponding expressions，One after another，Interconnected，Just like beads on a string。In the Yinming Volume of "Selected Materials on the History of Chinese Logic"，Huang Mingxin calls this form "Yingcheng Lianzhu"。As in the “red and white” color bet365 refer a friend code，The rebuttal chose the example of "the color of white snail" which is both color and not red，Start from the fundamental claims of the enemy commentators，Draw the conclusion logically，So that the opponents have to admit that "the color of the white conch is red"。Such an argument，Similar to what Aristotle called "argumentation"，That is, those arguments that contradict a specified proposition based on generally accepted premises。

At the stage of announcing the results，The enemy commentator admits that "the color of the white conch" is a counterexample to his fundamental claim，So take the initiative to give up "if bet365 refer a friend code shows color，The idea that everything is red”。

The most exciting part of Tibetan Yinming debate is the confrontation stage。Then，In the confrontation phase，How the rebuttal set up Yingcheng Lianzhu，What makes the enemy commentators inevitably accept views that are contradictory to their own fundamental claims？For the counter-arguers，The most important thing is to lay out the situation，Construct a series of interlocking links，On the one hand, the opponents can only respond with "promise" or "because bet365 refer a friend code cannot be done"，On the other hand, we must ensure that once the opponent commentator makes a "promise" response，The conclusion must be logically derived。And bet365 refer a friend code is necessary to construct an expression that meets these special requirements，The following three rules must be followed: First，The enemy commentators must be made to recognize that there is a pervasive relationship between Zonghou Chen and Yin of each Yingcheng style，That is, the extension of the guaranteed cause is included in the extension of Zonghou Chen。Second，bet365 refer a friend code must be ensured that the cause of each corresponding expression and the cause of the previous corresponding expression are convergent in extension，The purpose is to find reasons that can be accepted by opponents。Third，In order to ensure that the chain of causes of "Yingcheng Lianzhu" is a convergent sequence，In technical processing，bet365 refer a friend code must be ensured that the Zong Houchen of each corresponding formula is the cause of the "cause cannot become" in the previous corresponding formula。

Although the form of Tibetan scripture debate is very flexible，Detailed into the process of each debate，The argument may be different，As in the primary stage，The two branches of the corresponding formula are usually single layer，And in the middle、Advanced stage，Yingcheng style often adopts multi-layer composite style，But they are essentially the same rules as the "red and white" color debate。By extracting the general form of the debate process and the rules of debate，On the one hand, bet365 refer a friend code can help us understand the essence of scripture debate，That is, bet365 refer a friend code is an effective way to eliminate contradictions，Use reductio ad absurdum in argumentation。On the other hand, bet365 refer a friend code can help us quickly master this set of Bible debate skills。Tibetan Debate Sutra Enduring，Except because bet365 refer a friend code can eliminate evil views、In addition to improving the right view and being generally accepted and used by monks，Also because this form of debate provides space for rational and critical thinking，Not only applicable to the field of religious studies，Also suitable for learning in various subjects，Even in all aspects of life，bet365 refer a friend code is a rare way of thinking training。

　　(This article is a major project bet365 refer a friend code National Social Science Fund "The Historical Development of Generalized Logical Paradox、The sub-project "Research on Paradox Thoughts in Ancient Chinese Classics" (18ZDA031), a sub-project of "Theoretical Frontier and Interdisciplinary Applied Research" (18ZDA031) Phased Results)

(Author’s affiliation: School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China)