The process of deepening the process of Sinicization of Buddhism，Zen has consciously adapted to the unified feudal autocratic regime and local regime, in addition to politics，Economically consciously adapt to the feudal economic form with the characteristics of farming civilization，I also consciously adapt to the culture of Confucianism as the main trunk、Advocating the traditional feudal etiquette culture tradition。Tea gift content that occupies a large proportion in the Qing rules of the Song and Yuan Dynasties，is the typical cultural performance of Zen in Buddhism。

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Tea culture is long in China。As early as the Western Han Dynasty，Wang Yan's "Children's Treat" records the so -called "Wuyang Buying Tea" records。In the Wei and Jin dynasties, Zhang Hua's "Museum" Volume Four Clouds: "Drink True Tea，Sleeping。"The consumption of tea before the Tang Dynasty was not popular，The wind of drinking tea prevails in the land of the Shenzhou began in the middle of the Tang Dynasty: "Kaiyuanzhong，Taishan Lingyan Temple has the demon master Daxing Zen，Learning Zen Affairs is not，No meals，Allows it to drink tea。People are self -cooked，Cooking everywhere。From then on to imitate，Suicheng customs。"" So，Zen monk is still a pioneer in drinking tea。The tea consumed by the temple is generally produced by yourself，If you have more than you consume，So it will naturally circulate in a certain form (such as gifts or trade) to a secular society。This will obviously affect the economic order of the tea industry in the feudal society，The rulers of the Song Dynasty had to make corresponding provisions on the tea industry of the temple: "The temple view is taken every year old to create Cao La tea，such as five hundred pounds，Once you obey，It is not allowed to be sold; if it violates，According to private tea。bet365 Play online games If 500 kg or more，and according to the Park House Law。”

Tang and Song dynasties to drop，Tea drinking custom formation of tea gifts with tea as a carrier and even tea culture，Become an important part of the Chinese etiquette and music culture: "Go to the guest to set up tea，Set soup，I don’t know when to start。，down to Lili，Mo Zhi or Waste。""，"Song Dynasty guests to set up tea，Victory Soup，Nai Tianxin "。"Tea is object，Removal also spirit，寐，Meet guests，Those who love to admire also。People in the world cannot waste tea，It is still possible to waste wine，Non -special affection，Here is here。”

　　寓

Tea drinking can wake up the brain，It is good for meditation，Therefore, the monk of the Zen Zong is almost the whole day of tea，The work of tea garden is also one of the important contents of general。Zen has been emphasized from Huineng to emphasize that sending and gesture Zen in daily life，Tea is one of the keywords of jungle life，Therefore, borrow tea in meditation、Tea Zen gradually becomes habit and trend。All this makes the records related to tea in the Zen Lantern Records，endless plums。For example, Zhaozhou's famous public case from "eating tea": Division (that is, Zhaozhou Congxiao) asked the new: "Have you ever been here?"。"The teacher said:" Eat tea。"" Ask the monk again，Monk said: "Never arrive。"The teacher said:" Eat tea。"The master of the backyard asked:" Why did I go to Yiyun to eat tea，Haven't you come to Yiyun to eat tea? "The master of the teacher，Lord should 喏。Master said: "Eat tea。"This public case is a bit" Zhaozhou Tea "become a famous Zen allusions in later generations，"Eating Tea" has become a sign and "patent" that Zhaozhou is not allowed to give up。

In the Song and Yuan Zen Lantern Lamp，"Eat Tea", "And eat tea", "Return to eat tea", "Encountered tea, tea，Meat Eat "and other" mantra "types of" mantra "type of answers appear very high frequency，Its purpose is nothing more than letting the questioner let go of his persistence、Drive，This is the usual thing that is usually unusual by Bet365 app download experiencing tea (that is, drinking tea)，Go to understand the true meaning of the so -called "normal heart is the Tao"。If "How to be a monk family style" answer "Three bowls of tea after meals"，"How is West Lai Yi" answering "Fasting a bowl of tea"，Not only a lifestyle，A Zen Machine Fighting again，Water and milk blend of both water and milk、凡 如 如，Really achieved ginseng meditation in daily life。Seed tea、picking tea、Tea drinking permeation of the daily life of the jungle，Zen monks have long been commonplace、It is accustomed to，But the clever Zen master can be in a bland and unreasonable and rising strangeness，Superfluous，Point stone into gold，The so -called "tea Zen blinded" is not a nominal words。In the Song and Yuan Zen Zen Rules，It has a lot of names formed by the influence of Chinese etiquette and music culture、Dazzling tea gifts belong to the world law，But the tea ceremony borrows tea into Zen、Tea Zen's deepening meaning is the meaning of the birth of the world hidden in the tea ceremony，It is also worthy of our inquiry。

　　The Zen Zen of the Tea Ceremony can be "outer" and "Inner Hongdao"

Tang, Song and Yuan Zen temples generally have tea halls、Tea drums and tea heads、Tea head walker，For monks and foreign officials、Tan Yue tea drinking is convenient。Such as the "Zen Garden Qing Rules" "Tangtou Frying Dot" in the Northern Song Dynasty: The waiter invited the invitation: "Fast after fasting for someone for someone，Smelling the sound, please go。"Tea drum sounds correspond to tea drinking.，"Drum Drum" played a sound、The role of knowing about it，Over time, it is engraved in the minds of the monks in the form of conditional reflex。"Benju Taishou、This road Linji、Visit of Zhixian County, this county，Rebirth of its consent，Fang can order tea "related regulations，Explain that the temple respects the wishes of local officials，instead of carriage wish、Mo Shoucheng applied tea gifts。

"Zen Garden Qing Rules" "Hundred Ambitions Rope" Cloud: "The heaviest tea ceremony since ancient times，There is a saying Bet365 app download of thanks for not gratitude。"Zen tea gift is called" Li "，Of course not just because tea is a good drink，It is mainly because of different time、Place and Character，Qing regulations formulated various differences、Lun preface -clear communication etiquette。For example, the "Zen Qing Ru" "Congzhong Special is a decoction point" stipulates: "If you are requested to be close to respect (such as the head of the monk、All Fang Su De、French family members、Shi Bo、Uncle、Brother and the like)，That is the big exhibition three worship，Touch three worships if not tolerate。If you are a person who respects the second respect (the precepts of the abstinence can be high -profile)，Only touch three worship。Such as flat sex or equal abstinence (or the other brothers and nephews)，But ask for the message。"Tea Soup Visitors，Guests can be divided into three categories according to the degree of respect: the first seat of the monk、All Fang Su De、French family members、Shi Bo、Uncle、Brother and the like，Ring La Tao to respect high -profile and so on，Pingjiao or abstinence or abstinence or law family brothers and nephews，Different etiquettes are applied for different identities: "Da Show Three Worship"，"Three Worship"，"Ask the message"。

After the Southern Song Dynasty, Lake Wei Mian said in the "Xianchun Qing Rule · Preface": "My family has a clear rule，Utah Confucianism has the Book of Li Jing。"Zeshan Xianxian in the Yuan Dynasty in" Great Qing Dynasty · Preface "，Call the Zen Qing rules as "the Great Scriptures of Jungle Rites and Fa"。The Tong Tong Tong Biqiu Yunzhang made a clear point of view of "Great Qing Guan"，Zen Qing rules "starting from Baichang，System of ceremonies，Defense of people，Li to stand in the middle，Le Yi Divine。Xiangzhu Tea Soup is a gift，Bell Drum Board is happy for it。The outline of the ritual and music without losing the net，Clips of clothing "。In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhongfeng Mingben explored the origin of the Qing rules in the "Phantom Land of the Qing Rules · Preface"，If the family "has the way to the way，Not waiting for bet365 Play online games gifts，Unreal and autonomy "，Naturally, there is no "jungle rules";，half a thousand years ago，Taste the tiles "，Therefore, "Hundreds of Changs are from the jungle to save it"，Develop "jungle ritual law"。The preface made by Ouyang Xuan, a bachelor of Bachelor of Hanlin Straight in the Yuan Dynasty, quoted the Zen monk's words in the preface of "Xiu Xiu Baizhang Qing Ru"，I believe "there is no one thing between the heavens and the earth，The position of Anqi lives is ritual，Loying Daily is often happy "，and the Great Confucianism of the Northern Song Dynasty、One of the anecdotes of Cheng Zhu's pioneer Cheng Zhi, one of the anecdotes of Cheng Zhuxue to contrast and praise the ritual education of the Qing rules: Mr. Cheng Mingdao passed the Dinglin Temple one day，Parameter Zhai Tang Yi，Sighing: "Three generations of ritual and music，All is! "Ouyang Xuan gave this comment on this anecdotes that were referenced by later generations:" Following it for course，And the wonderful behavior of nature，Sri Lanka does not know the barrier of the matter，Knowing it thinks that the way of Anle，Guyou is also。"" Of course "、Taoist Taoism "Nature" and the birth of Buddhism "Anle Method" blend into a furnace。Actually，Let the Song agent who resolutely discharge the Buddha praise the meal etiquette of the monk，Recorded to the world，This is very intriguing。and Dongyang Dehui is better at looking at the nature of rituals and laws from a political perspective，According to the statement in the preface，Edited "Xiu Xiu Baizhang Qing Regulations" is to "establish a generation of chapters"，"Make bhikkhus and other outer absences，Neihong Road，Although there are thousands of groups，Tongtang together，Qi Yiyi，No mixed world，No mixed world，Not disturbing the country，A trip to Yin Ying Wang Du "，With "upper deputy heart"。

　　The formalization of the tea ceremony reflects the decline inside the jungle

"Xianchun Qing Ru" volume has many preface and etiquette formula，There are as many as 11 species in the order of the order，There are bet365 Play online games up to 12 kinds of etiquette formula，Dazzling。These graphics、The appearance of the form is fully explained，Southern Song Zen Temple for various activities in order、Space orientation order、status high、Honor Hynnisties、Quit wax length、Monk Boundary Limits、Friends and neighborhoods are extremely particular about，The degree of quantification has almost reached a realm similar to modern transportation。

The "abbot small soup" bar in "Xiu Xiu Baizhang Qing Ru" render the ritual regulations of the jungle。Fourth Section Lecture，Three soups in ancient times: the first seat is divided into two out，Special Dongtang、Xitang，Please the first light companion。The second seat is divided into four out，The first first out，Knowing the two out，Western Subsal Qin Ji San Ji，East Preface to the old four out。Third seat more，Six out，Benshan work，All the parties，Sitting with the job with the job。The first light partner of the second part ... The jungle is based on tea soup，Recently, most of the time is high，Never talk。In fact，The phenomenon of "fighting for the second time" is revealed in the "abbot small soup soup" in "The Great Circuit": the four sections of the predecessors，Nearly one summer，Brother Rich，Fight for a high，So stop。jungle contempt，Liang can be sighing。The abbot should go to the hall in front of summer，Qun Qun Mian，Respect for each other，Six and Together。For the phenomenon of "jungle contempt" phenomenon for the governance，Only when there are seniors、Acting of the "Export Account" in an orderly manner: "The bowl position is divided into sixteen board heads，The name of the name is high。The rotation has been fixed，Foresee on the herb with the first section，I have seen the abbot，Sign in the picture，Disable temporary noise。”

With the internal organizational system of the Zen Temple of the Song and Yuan Divine Temple、The increasingly complete level system，Tea gifts are also increasingly different、Hiroshimo, etc.、Lun prefaced color and bet365 live casino games serious formalism。On the surface of the surface of tea ceremony, the ritual music and conjunction with the jungle in the bones such as the lack of vocational fertilizer form a clear contrast，The so -called "Jinyu Qiwei，In the defeat "。Zen Temple will inevitably appear after a certain scale，It is a product that penetrates to a certain degree of Confucian etiquette culture tradition，There is a reasonable side;，Fanwen 缛 festival is at the cost of high institutional costs and the deserted prices of the meditation.。Forming tendency to cause the ritual etiquette to alienate，It is undoubtedly the time when Zen jungle is becoming increasingly declining。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Religious Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)