In the history of human thought，There has always been a close relationship between bet365 casino bonus and philosophy，Such as Taoist philosophy and Taoism、Metaphysics and Buddhism during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties、Plato philosophy and Christianity, etc.。This article intends to use the concept of "bet365 casino bonus" as a clue，Discuss the epistemological revelations and challenges that Kant's philosophy and Marburg Neo-Kantism brought to modern Christianity in re-understanding the concept of "bet365 casino bonus" in the early 20th century，And the Christian response，To provide people with thoughts on better understanding the relationship between bet365 casino bonus and philosophy。

After the Reformation，The European Christian world with Roman Catholicism at its core has undergone earth-shaking changes，The relatively unified Christian world in the Middle Ages has completely moved towards the era of sectarianism。Sects within Christianity stand on their own with the support of nation-states。In addition，In order to adhere to their own demands for truth, various sects do not hesitate to launch wars，For example, the famous 30-year religious war (1618-1648) between the Protestant groups and the Roman Catholic Church。It is in this case，bet365 casino bonus has become a core concept in Christian theology，And try to start from philosophy on the basis of anthropology、From the perspective of sociology or political science，Communicate doctrinal conflicts between major denominations。So，The concept of “bet365 casino bonus” in modern Christian theology is not so much a product of philosophical speculation，It is better to say that it is the product of compromise between the forces of all parties in the specific historical situation。

In "History of Problems in Protestant Theology in Modern Germany", Pannenberg pointed out three new basic facts faced by modern Christian theology: the state and legal power are independent by tracing back to the concept of human "nature"；The privatization of religious confession (or at least limiting the religious field to a local area of ​​social life)；Partial areas of society have their own laws and secular cultural consciousness formed in connection with them。It is in this realistic situation，The concept of "bet365 casino bonus" in the modern sense came into being，Becomes the truth pursuit of modern Christian theology to integrate various denominations、Reunderstand the core concepts of oneself。For example，The "natural bet365 casino bonus" based on reason emerged from the British deist movement，And the emergence of "public bet365 casino bonus" and "private bet365 casino bonus" based on ethics in the German Enlightenment。Therefore，“bet365 casino bonus” as a normative concept does not originate so much from the internal development of Christian theology，It is better to blame it on secularization since the Reformation，The discovery of man。

However，The interpretation of the concept of "bet365 casino bonus" in the context of Christianity at the end of the 18th century encountered a bottleneck: in the religious theory of modern Christianity，The concept of God in the context of rational philosophy is a basic premise supporting the concept of natural bet365 casino bonus，But Kant’s critique of reason denies the provability of God’s existence。From this，Reconstructing the legitimacy of bet365 casino bonus based on reason will lose its philosophical foundation。

The greatest contribution of Kant’s philosophy is to realize the so-called Copernican revolution in the field of epistemology，That is, in the process of forming knowledge，What plays a decisive role is people’s innate cognitive form，rather than external perceptual materials。The messy external perceptual materials are grasped by concepts under the coordination of innate cognitive forms，Thus forming knowledge。Because reason lacks the innate form of understanding the whole，Thus causing confusion in the field of metaphysics。This aspect makes metaphysics withdraw from the field of bet365 casino bonus，Also let the field of bet365 casino bonus become ethics、Psychology、Objects of sociology and other studies，bet365 casino bonus has completely lost its independence in the post-Enlightenment era，Has to rely on other disciplines to exist。

In Kant’s epistemology，The field of scientific understanding is "phenomenon"，Behind it is the unrecognizable "thing in itself"，Because humans do not have the innate form of knowing things in themselves。Although humans cannot recognize things in themselves，But Kant does not doubt the authenticity of the "thing in itself" itself，and consider it as the root behind the phenomenon。So，Kant did not deny or cancel the possibility of the existence of “religious” objects，It just denies people’s ability to understand “religious” objects。This leaves room for Christianity to reinterpret its own objects of faith，That is, "bet365 casino bonus" has not lost its object，But another method of understanding different from science is needed。

Schleiermacher responded to this problem in "On bet365 casino bonus: To Intellectuals Who Have Misunderstandings about bet365 casino bonus" published in 1799。On the one hand, he defines "bet365 casino bonus" as the "feeling" and intuition of the whole，denies its dependence on metaphysics and ethics；On the other hand, it abandoned the "natural bet365 casino bonus" based on reason，Because "natural bet365 casino bonus" is an ahistorical conceptual construction，Does not distinguish bet365 casino bonus from metaphysics and ethics，Erasing the special nature of bet365 casino bonus。Specifically，In Schleiermacher，bet365 casino bonus becomes an experience of the finite versus the infinite。Therefore，bet365 casino bonus is no longer a battle for intellectual truth，It is a taste of the finite versus the infinite。In addition，Schleiermacher made a clear distinction between the concept of God and the concept of bet365 casino bonus for the first time: the thought of God，That is, accepting the idea that the world has an origin and rules，Just a possible expression of religious experience，It is not necessarily included in the concept of bet365 casino bonus。This has also become the basic paradigm for understanding “bet365 casino bonus” in modern Christian theology。

Same as Kant，At the beginning of the 20th century, Marburg's neo-Kantian philosophy still focused on epistemological issues，That is, the question of why knowledge is possible。Here we only take the epistemology of the Marburg neo-Kantian philosopher Hermann Cohen as an example，Discuss the new challenges encountered by the concept of "bet365 casino bonus" in philosophy。In terms of the development of natural science，Kant’s rational criticism faced the physics of Newton’s era，Neo-Kantianism faces more abstract mathematical physics。And，If we say that Kant’s rational criticism is to leave room for faith by drawing boundaries for science，Then，Cohen’s neo-Kantianism attempts to eliminate Kant’s thing-in-itself through thorough criticism，Thus constructing a purely ideological scientific world，A perfect abstract world modeled on mathematics。

First，In Cohen’s epistemology，He abolished the binary distinction between "phenomenon" and "thing-in-itself" in Kant's Critique of Reason，And consider “things in themselves” as pre-critical metaphysics。Secondly，He believes that the perceptual data provided by intuition cannot be a necessary condition for the generation of knowledge together with the cognitive form that generates thoughts，Because thought not only provides itself with the form of knowledge，Also produces thought objects，The so-called sensory data only provide a field for the generation of thoughts，Does not have cognitive effect。This means，There is no such thing as “given” knowledge in Cohen’s epistemology，Because thought does not obtain content from intuition，Generate the object yourself。So，In this sense，To exist is to be thought。But it should be noted，Cohen believes that in the process of understanding，The subject of cognition is not a specific individual that exists in reality，But an ideal cognitive subject。This opened up ideas for contemporary Christian theologian William Herman to reinterpret the concept of bet365 casino bonus。

In Herman’s opinion，The denial of "things in themselves" and the neglect of individuals in Cohen's epistemology are precisely due to the misunderstanding of "bet365 casino bonus" in neo-Kantian philosophy。Specifically，In the context of neo-Kantian epistemology，The problem Herman needs to solve is: first，If all knowledge is nothing but the product of thought itself，Then，How to understand faith knowledge regarded as "revelation"，To what extent is a "given" religious knowledge possible？Secondly，If the subject in cognition is an ideal objective consciousness，So how to deal with the relationship between individual consciousness and knowledge in reality？In Herman’s opinion，There is a fundamental difference between "bet365 casino bonus" and "science": first，Science acquires universal knowledge by actively moving towards the truth，bet365 casino bonus is an individual’s inner experience “given” in the process of encountering the whole；Secondly，Science as an eternal pursuit of truth cannot obtain complete knowledge about truth，And in the religious experience given，Individuals can feel the complete truth；Again，The subject of scientific cognition is an objective consciousness，The subject of religious experience is individual consciousness；Finally，Scientific cognition obtains a kind of provable knowledge，What individuals gain from religious experience is a feeling that cannot be proven。

It can be seen from the above analysis，Both Schleiermacher and Hermann faced the same problem: how to place Christianity in an enlightened rational world？Because the object of bet365 casino bonus has not only become an unknowable "thing in itself" in Kant's epistemology，Existence is even canceled in the epistemology of neo-Kantian philosophy，This makes Christianity have to change its historical nature、Finding a way out for reinterpreting religious concepts from the perspective of immanence and individuality。

　(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 casino bonus, Renmin University of China)