Zen as the most important denomination of Chinese Buddhism，Politics for China、Thought、Culture、Social and other influences are profound and huge，It has always been valued by the academic community at home and abroad。The main general of the May 4th New Culture Movement，Hu Shi is known as the founder of the study of Chinese Zen history。He used the early Zen in the Dunhuang document to write the construction of the history of Zen in the early days of Dunhuang documents，Established a new picture of the early Zen history。It is undeniable，In a fine research，Hu Shi's research has strong subjectivity、Purpose Treasury tendency，This affects the objectivity of its conclusion to a certain extent。Since the beginning of the 20th century，Japanese scholars' research on the history of Zen has been in the forefront of the world for a long time，and have a certain leading role。Chinese scholars later lived in，Especially since the reform and opening up, the momentum is happy，successively organized a group of Zen classics，greatly promoted the study of Zen history。

Since the beginning of the 20th century to the present，The number of Zen research papers is difficult to statistics。In the Chinese Buddhist history of Chinese Buddhism，The books with "Zen History" as the title do not do ten kinds of books，Mainly Yin Shun’s "History of Chinese Zen"，Du Jiwen、Wei Daoru’s "History of Chinese Zen"，Yang Zengwen's "History of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty" and "History of the Song and Yuan Zen Zen"，Japanese scholar Suzuki Toshio's "History of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty", etc.。The history of Zen Tongzong、Troubled History Works，In addition to using traditional light records、Quotations、Monk and other information outside，It also used Dunhuang Zen book to varying degrees、Stone carved literature。These achievements have laid a good foundation for the study of Zen history，Also accumulated experience for writing regional Zen bet365 live casino games history。But，We should see，The content and modeled structure of Chen Chen Xiangyin in the history of Zen Zen in the past proposed a warning for subsequent research。How to get out of the existing moderate old road，Innovation of the research content and structure of Chinese Zen history，It is a problem that is urgent to solve at present。

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Writing for history，Different knowledge and cultural backgrounds will generate different selection and narrative modes。early 20th century，Japanese scholar Suzuki Dajong and Hu Shi about Zen "Century Division"，The essence of its essence is two different academic backgrounds，and the dispute of the Zen historical writing mode formed based on this。

For a long time，The history of Chinese Buddhism, especially Zen history research paradigm opened by Hu Shi, broke，I haven't been able to continue。The academic world often focuses on thought and light facts，Some basic historical facts in the history of Zen，Still according to the light record、Monk and other records，Fengsheng conclusion，and passed on the murmur。This requires us to relieve us from the existing Zen history research paradigm，Change the history of Zen for a long time as the history of philosophy、Situation of the history of thought，Acknowledge that the history of Zen is essentially the attribute of historic branches。Based on the fundamental understanding，Re -sort the history of Zen with historical thinking，Use new historical materials to reconstruct the history of Zen。Biography with monks、Historical writing mode mainly based on archeological cultural relics，Not only can you supplement many Zen historical facts，Also fixed the monks and their deeds in time coordinates，It can clearly show the historical context of the development of Buddhism at all stages。

If the first generation of Buddhist historians represented by Hu Shi, the first step is to use Dunhuang documents，What I need to do now is the "re -departure" on the basis of this: First, change the long -term thought of thought cutting and classic combinations，Strengthen the combing of the historical dimension of the development of time and space。Follow bet365 live casino games the development of Zen sect，Follow the middle and lower Zen monks in the middle and lower Zen monks，Pay attention to the comparison comparison of various regions，Follow the communication between Zen and other sects，etc.。Second, changing the narrative mode of the previous single -line of Zen history。The academic world is used to a solo narrative mode，Too much attention to some prominent factions，This kind of attention is sometimes or even exclusive。For example，Dharma -Hui Ke -Seng Chan -Daoxin -Hong Ning -Huineng's Zen single -line inheritance chart that has long been regarded as a Gui -Hui -Seng Chan -Daoxin -Hong Ren -Hui Neng，Far from the reality of history。

　　Research from the perspective of history

Research on Zen in the past academic circles，Most of them are surrounded by monks' life experience、Static of Zen thought and other aspects、Common Research，Relaxed the study of the history of people and future generations of people and future generations。So，Study from the perspective of acceptance，Dynamic to the accepted trajectory of Zen monks and their thoughts、Destinter inspection is necessary。The process of the monk's law is divided into two links: one is talking，One is listening。The main attention of the past academic circles in the past is the "speaking" link，Relatively ignore the "listening" link。Actually，"Listen" is also very important。For example，Wu Zuhong endured "Moisture for Mind"，The "Graduation" of Beizong Shenxiu、Nan Zonghui's "Epiphany" theory can be found in it，The two have made further play according to their own understanding，As a result, open sect。

First is the selectivity of acceptance、Relators。Understanding is relative，It will be due to people、Time、Land、Different from different situations。Coupled with the different information mastered in each era，Therefore, people's acceptance of someone's thought cannot be achieved overnight，Instead, it is bound to go through a constant process。Accept the subject from Zen thought，Can be divided into three levels: monks and apprentices、Doctor of the text、Ordinary people。Take Fangshan Shi Jing as an example，Leave bet365 Play online games a record of the scriptures of statues such as monks and vulgar people in the Mountain Stone Sutra。Category carved from the classic，We can explore the popularity of these classics among ordinary people。Because it is very long for a long time，Category of engraving through comparative periods，We can explore changes in faith in different periods。

Followed by accepting plasticity。Gu Jiegang has proposed "Ancient History Story"，"After the era of the time，Gu Jiegang has proposed "Ancient History Story"，​​The legendary characters are getting bigger and bigger "。Although the "ancient history theory" is aimed at the legendary era in Chinese history，But this assertion for studying authenticity、The era of Chinese first Zen in the facts and legends is also inspiring。A kind of thought will not spread exactly in history according to its original face，will become more and more deformed，And the recipient often according to his own understanding，Interesting or unintentional transformation。Zen monk, especially the image of the first ancestor of Zen，The deliberate decoration of the Zen world after the Song Dynasty，There is also a big difference with the real situation，Restoration of its original face is an important research topic。

Finally is the difference between acceptance of different areas。In Buddhist spread，Due to the differences in historical and cultural traditions in various regions，The acceptance of the monks and customs is also different，Sometimes or even a huge difference。So，Pay attention to regional differences。For example，Hebei is a typical North School District，Buddhism in this area，Pay attention to practice、Precept、Zen、Reading Bible、Statue、Jian Temple and other external merits，instead of heavy mystery，Huayan、Law Zong、Tantra and other traditional sects have greater power。Nanzong Zen emphasized that the heart is the Buddha、Repair without fake，Even the Buddha scolds ancestors，Opposition to medital reading。Therefore Zen, especially Nan Zen's Lili Road, is not in love with the local tradition of Hebei，Authentic foreign bet365 live casino games denomination，This undoubtedly constitutes an obstacle to the dissemination of Nanzen in Hebei.。If this problem is not solved，The South Zen cannot be accepted by the majority of the world in Hebei，I will also encounter resistance from internal Buddhism。In fact，South Zen in the early transmission of Hebei，I did have experienced a long -term、Repeated process。At the same time，Nan Zen shows the hybrid characteristics of the reconciliation of the ancestors in the dissemination。

Another，Traditional Buddhist history writing mode is based on the Tibetan Scriptures，Especially light records、Quotations and other information，focus on ideological interpretation，Most of those provided by people are the sections of some thoughts，The clues of historical evolution are often blurred。Even the Lighting and other ways of passing the law system is out of consideration for orthodox，Many fog，Intentional annihilation、A lot of historical facts have been covered。The passing system of the six ancestors of the Zen and the confrontation of the Beizong is the proof。Therefore, beyond traditional historical materials，Digging and using archeological data (especially stone carvings) has become the key to advancing the study of Chinese Zen (including the history of regional Zen)。

　　Return to people -centered writing tradition

Buddhism calls Buddha、Method、Monk is three treasures。The monk as the main body of the Fa，is a link between secular believers and Buddhism。Chinese traditional Zen monks mainly focus on the monks' traces，is people -centered，This is not necessary to say this; light records、The speech theory recorded in the case，In fact, people cannot be separated。But to view the history of Zen history today，Whether it is a historical work、Troubled work，Still regional works，The center of its attention is classic and thought instead of human。Based on this writing mode，Zen history has become a intermittent thought fragment，instead of living individual or group continuous activity records。Another，Whether these classics can indeed represent the mainstream thoughts of the society at that time, bet365 Play online games it is quite questionable。Because they are often advanced or lagging，Generally does not take pictures with the society at the time。As Ge Zhaoguang said: "Between the thoughts of elite and classic and ordinary society and life，There is also a ‘general knowledge、The world of thought and belief '。"" I saw the classic、The disconnection between elite and society，Ge Zhaoguang value the so -called "general knowledge、The World of Thought and Faith "，Its carrier is ordinary people outside the elite。Pay attention to ordinary people，It is also the history of the new society today、Comprehensive History、One of the main purpose of the new histori -scientific genre such as overall history。

Dao'an once said，"No depending on the country，If the law is difficult to stand "，Reflects the symbiotic relationship between the development of Buddhism and the feudal rulers，This is also a true manifestation of Chinese Buddhism as a long -term political attachment。It is a political strong attachment，It has caused Chinese Buddhism to dismiss in history。But affecting the development of Chinese Buddhism，In addition to monks and feudal ruling class，At the bottom of the pyramid is the larger number of ordinary believers，They are the potential reserve forces of the monk and nun team，It is with their faith、Support、Giving and even monks，Only provided the generous soil of Buddhist development。Abandon them outside the history of Buddhism，Ignore its existence and meaning，Definitely short -sighted and narrow performance。So，People -centered Zen History Writing，In the group of monks (including bhikkhu、Bhikkhuni)，You also need to pay attention to ordinary believers and laymen。Only in this way can it be more plump、Full，It is also more real、Living pictures of the development of ancient Chinese Buddhism。

To sum up，In the study of Chinese Zen history，In addition to paying attention to the excavation of new issues and the activation of old problems，Vision、Research Road、The transformation and expansion of the data is important。The study of Zen history should be re -returned to the essential attributes bet365 Play online games of its historical science。In terms of vision，The transformation from local history to regional history should be realized，Pay attention to the perspective of accepting history; in terms of data，Beyond traditional classics，It should be fully attached to archeological information such as stone carvings，Further broaden the source of data; in terms of research center，It should be realized from classic、Thinking of characters (temple)、From the transition from the case to the bundle; during the research period、Tense aspects，The transformation from a short time to long -term period should be achieved，Shin from static and common to dynamic duration。

　(Author is a researcher at the Hebei Provincial Academy of Social Sciences、"Deputy Chief Editor of Hebei School" magazine)