Absolute abyss of freedom and loneliness
July 23, 2019 08:56 Source: "China Social Sciences" July 23, 2019 Total No. 1740 Author: Chen Yanfeng

In Sartre's existential philosophy,"Freedom" is a very important category proposed in the existence of phenomenology,It is the extension and expansion of its "self -existence"。Unlike the materialist of "freedom is the understanding of inevitability",The "freedom" in the eyes of Sat get rid of the dependence of objective necessity,It is a pure subjective personal intention of choosing "self -existence",Its purpose is to encourage people to fulfill their duties and give full play to their subjectivity,It is both the theory of this body,It is the ethics and political science。

"People are free,Absolute and unconditional freedom。"Freedom does not need to be demanded,It constitutes the person itself,The existence of a person is freedom,"Self -Doing" constitutes the world where people live in it,People are destined to escape the fate of freedom。The foundation of freedom is the "self" that can be self -made,"Self" is an accidental、Autonomous、Being able to create your own destiny and essential bet365 live casino games existence。"I must be free,This means,Except freedom itself,It is impossible for people to find other restrictions in my freedom,We did not stop our freedom of freedom。"" In Sat's view,No one is what it causes,People can choose themselves freely,The first effect of existentialism is to make everyone have themselves (what he is),and carry the full responsibility of his existence on the shoulders。"It is impossible for people to be slaves sometimes and sometimes free,He is either free from the whole,Either he is not free at all。"Freedom exists in the choice of this behavior,The fundamental feature of freedom is its "autonomy",that is, its "will unconditional independent choice"。No freedom,People become nothing,The freedom of a person is fate。

"Because God does not exist,So all the possibilities of seeking people from the objective concept or the kingdom of heaven do not exist。"Sarter inherits Heidgger's" survival first to the essence ",Think that people are first saved and then their essence can be generated,Therefore, all forms of decision theory is virtual,The possibility of a person's free choice for his behavior is its most important nature。People make themselves,bet365 Play online games What kind of person he becomes,Fullly depends on what he does and how to do it,This is the primary principle of existentialism。Since "exists preceded",It is impossible to exist in a set of ready -made humanity to explain and guide people’s actions,People are absolutely free,"People are freedom"。It is in this sense,Sartre does not recognize the objective standard of morality。In his opinion,Moral is just a product of survival,After all, it is artificial,In a world where only people do not have God,There is no so -called objective standard of morality。"Everyone acts according to their own wishes,Create itself from your own actions,It is inappropriate to set any priority for compulsory moral specifications to people's behavior,Any first fixed、Abstract human models are not in the human heart。"People are constantly becoming a new self at a moment,People continue to make themselves in the specific space -time situation,Constantly self -planning and participating in the future。Any so -called objective moral standards are difficult to cope with and capture the complexity of self -essence。As scholar Yin Yan pointed out,Classical bet365 Play online games philosophers represented by Kant and Hegel carefully demonstrated and believed that the universal characteristics of the unquestioned moral law were crushed by Sat,The existence of denying the existence of universal moral norms is the second pass of Sartre's freedom。

"If the existence is indeed the essence of the essence,People are responsible for his nature。"" Freedom of the above body theory is closely connected to Sartre's "sense of responsibility" theory。Since the human will is absolutely free,People have the ability to control their behavior,The ability of conscious behavior and free choice,So inference from this,People should be absolutely responsible for their behavior。"The first consequence of existentialism is to make people understand their original face,and fully bear your own responsibilities。"Sartre emphasizes the freedom of human life,It also emphasizes the absolute responsibility of people。In "Existentialism is a humanitarian",He further pointed out: "When we say that people are responsible for themselves,We don’t mean that he is just responsible for his own personality,Instead of being responsible for everyone。"" In Sat's view,bet365 live casino games People are in the situation of organizations including many others,Through his choice,He involves all human beings,So no matter what you do,A person must be responsible for your own individual,Also responsible for all people。"People have nothing before birth,Life can give people a meaning,This is human responsibility。The so -called value,It's just the meaning you choose。"The person from the moment he was cast into this world,I must be responsible for all my behaviors。With freedom and responsibility is human "trouble", "loneliness" and "anxiety",and it is precisely trouble、Under the emotions of loneliness and despair,Talents can really experience their own existence。"If anyone concentrates on himself,and understand that he is not only the person he chose,At the same time, it is also selected all the legislators of all mankind and itself,So,He cannot escape his comprehensive and profound sense of responsibility。”

Although Sartre has repeatedly emphasized,Hedgger's existentialism is a pessimistic humanitarian,and his existentialism is a kind of optimistic humanitarianism,But he does not recognize the predictability of the free choice of people。"The so -called freedom,bet365 live casino games I don’t know what is correct,Only the state that can only be desperate。"" In Sat's view,People are in a world of "subjective forestry",We can only restrict all our reliance within the scope of our will。"I only know that everything I can can,I will do it; other than that,Nothing to be sure。"People's expectations and hope for the future,"It's just a dream of a signs,Some of the hopeful hope and emptiness of emptiness "。

In Sartre,The view of freedom of existentialism is a philosophy of action。"People are just what he attempts to become,He only existed above his intention,So except for his general actions,Nothing; except for his life,Nothing。"" For a person,Except his actions and life,All reality is false。In a world without God,Everything may happen,People are in a lonely abyss because of absolute freedom。  

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