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In the philosophy of Wittgenstein，Color problems have always been an important theme。He said，"Color thinking about philosophy is an incentive"。Wittgenstein's attention to color issues comes from thinking about the relationship between logical propositions and empirical propositions。In the previous thought，Color incompatibility problem promotes the steering of Wittgenstein philosophy，Explore by a short phenomenal period，He proposed the color and grammar space of the color octopus space，and "phenomenology is grammar" as a summary of the color thinking of this period。In the manuscript of "Remarks on Color"，Wittgenstein in the dialogue with Goethe's "Color theory"，Reflection of the limitations of octopus space，It describes a variety of possibilities that contain concepts such as "depth" and "brightness" in many language games，and propose "uncertainty of the same sexual concept of color"。　

　　Crisis of colors incompatibility and logical image theory

In "Logic Philosophy"，Wittgenstein discussed the problem of color disagreement:

Two colors appear in one position in the field of vision，This is impossible，And logically, it is impossible，Due to the logical structure of the color, this kind of thing is excluded。

Let's take a look at how this contradiction is described in physics。Roughly the following statement: one particle cannot have two speeds at the same time，That is，It cannot be at two places at the same time。That is，The particles at different places at the same time cannot be the same。

Color incompatibility propositions are regarded as logical or analytical propositions instead of bet365 live casino games experience propositions in logical image theory。Wittgenstein Proposal，Two colors cannot appear at the same point，It is neither innate comprehensive truth，It is not an empirical fact，but logical truth。That is，We can realize its trueness through the symbol，No need to resort to imagination or investigate the experience and facts。This looks just a common sense，But Wittgenstein introduced the discussion of basic propositions in the same code segment，Analysis of this color proposition becoming the focus of controversy。Ramse thinks，The analysis of Wittgenstein did not show the disobedience between two problems with problems，Because even if the color space of the conceived color is restored to the facts of the speed of the particles，The same particles cannot (overall) at the same time still look like a comprehensive innate truth。

　　mid -term phenomenology planning and construction of octopus color space

Wittgenstein realized this problem，The reason why he returned to Cambridge in 1929 was "planning to stay in Cambridge to do visual space and other things"。Short phenomenon period，Vitgustein thinks，Daily Language "Not in any case can prevent people from constructing meaningless propositions"。We need to reveal the true logic structure of the hidden daily language，and this requires us to leave the daily language，"Examine the phenomenon described"，"That is, in a sense, it is the study of acquired，instead of speculation on congenital possibilities "。

To achieve this purpose，The number of numbers should be introduced into the basic propositions，Because in the proposition of the degree，Each degree units cannot be decomposed into a combination of other units。The degree cannot be further analyzed。Bet365 app download From the view of Wittgenstein，A number appears in the basic proposition form，It is "a essential feature of the essence of language character"。For color propositions，The introduction of numbers makes us explain what color one point is，At the same time, it is said that it is not a color。This，The problem of incompatibility in color will be solved。

Dani Wittgenstein quickly gave up this phenomenon concept。He recognizes "Study on the Rules of our language，Identification of these rules，The clear appearance with them，equivalent to，Completed, for example, people often want to complete in the construction of a phenomenal language "。The reason for it，Color phenomenology concept confuses logical propositions and bet365 live casino games experience propositions。A color phenomenon of the acquired color phenomenon cannot provide a basis for the color proposition that is inevitable，At the same time, color propositions are not possible to have the same logic diversity as the real color phenomenon。Only from the form of color symbols, we cannot exclude "red and green", "yellow and blue" and other impossible colors。Color incompatibility issues make Wittgenstein realize the existence of logic in the sense of non -authentic letter，And logical propositions in this sense cannot be confused to experience propositions。

Wittgenstein use another concept "grammar" to express such propositions。Wittgenstein gave up the early ideal language construction，Back to the "Rough ground"，In daily language。In "Philosophy Review"，He said: "We don't need to find a new language or construct a symbol system，Daily language is language，The premise is that we make it get rid of an unclear state。"and for color，Wittgenstein said: "The octagonal body is grammar，Because it said, bet365 Play online games you can say that you can say red and green，But you can't say red green。”

Wittgenstein developed the octopus color space of Hoffle (H? 觟 FLER)，We distinguish between the monochrome of each other's incompatibility with two colors: red -green，Blue -Yellow，White — Black。The six basic colors are on the octagonal dialogue，and there is no connection between each other。Four primary colors (red、Yellow、Green and Blue) is used as a basic element to form a square，Black and white are located on the upper and lower poles of the octopus。Each possible color is a hue (hue)、Mix of Lightness (Lightness)。where，Heds refers to the primary and mixed colors on the square plane of the original color，Brightness refers to the connection of the original color square and black and white。Color octagonal expresses color grammar，Avoid the appearance of impossible color。

　　"On Color" and "Uncertainty of the same sexual concept of color"

Vitgustein's "On Color" is part of his manuscript in his last fifteen months of his life。Anscombe、Rush Rhees and G.H.VON WRIGHT think，These manuscripts are discussions on color issues，Therefore, it is suitable to be published together。April 4, 1950，Wittgenstein returns to Feng Wright's home in Cambridge，I wrote the main code segment of "On Color" there，In the communication with friends, he believes that this code segment "is a repeated and laborious attempt，Clarify the logic of the concept of color '，Especially 'Primary Sex'，The concepts of 'transparent' and 'lighting' "。In the last two months of life，He completed the conclusion code segment of "On Color"。

Wittgenstein's "On Color" mainly targeted at Goethe's "Color theory"，Including the communication between RUNGE and Lichtenberg and Goethe。Wittgenstein bet365 best casino games said: "As far as I understand: a physical theory (such as Newton) cannot solve the problem of troubled Goett，Even he did not solve them himself。"and Goethe's problem lies in:" We reflect on the nature of the color (those Goethe wants to solve in his color theory). middle。"because" in every serious philosophical problem，The root of uncertainty is deeply reached "。

"Uncertainty of the same sexual concept of color" is the core of Vitgustein's "On Color"。In traditional sensation and perception theory，Color is considered a simple two -dimensional nature，But the opaqueity of white makes us realize that the color is divided into transparent colors and opaque colors，Gray's non -luminousness further allows us to recognize the three -dimensional nature of the color。The same color name，But "transparent green" and "opaque green" are the same color? The two are obviously different in the sense of painting，But I can find green glass through a green sample。Another example，We asked: "Imagine a place in the iris in the eyes of Rembrandt's eyes，And said: ‘This color should be sprayed on the wall of my room。'"Dynamic color space can not help us，Exact coloring is not meaningless，"Instead, the color of the color that shows the color of the color is compared with the method of the‘ color of the color ’meaning.。A piece of white will appear gray when the white snow approaches it，A color appears very different in different light，But you can also compare。"In a picture of a piece of white paper from a picture of the brightness from the blue sky，The sky is brighter than white paper。and in another sense, the blue is more bleak，White is a brighter color (Goethe)，White on the palette is the brightest color。"at the same time，The concept that constitutes bet365 best casino games color space is not a mean，Instead of different types: the use of primary and mixed colors is different; the opposite color is not mixed; white is not a mix of other colors, etc.。Uncertainty of the same nature of the color makes the color eight -faced body grammar space no longer reliable。Wittgenstein said: "When we are asked 'Red，Blue，Black，What do these words mean? ‘Of course we can immediately point to things with these colors，But our ability to interpret the meaning of these words does not go far! "

Wittgenstein Thought from the previous to the middle and late stages of the evolution process of color science theory，It is the process of thinking about the relationship between logical propositions and empirical propositions。Color incompatibility problem has led to the collapse of logical image theory system of logical proposition and bet365 live casino games experience propositions，The failure of the attempt to build a phenomenon language makes Vitgenstein recognize the existence of grammar propositions different from formal language logic，Then I proposed the doctrine of the color and grammar space of the color octopus。But in the later thoughts，Wittgenstein reflected the limitations of color grammar in the mid -term thought，It proposes a more open color doctrine that depends on the use of color concepts，The boundary between logical propositions and experience propositions is divided in language use。"Sentences are often used on the boundary line of logic and experience，So their meaning changes back and forth and they are sometimes regarded as standard expressions，Sometimes as an expression of experience。”

　　(This article is the "Research on Wittgenstein Perception Philosophy under the perspective of ecological philosophy" (TJZX18-005)

(Author Unit: Institute of European and American Cultural Philosophy in Tianjin University of Foreign Studies)