When the traditional Chinese culture starts，Heaven and Man relationship is the core question of the satellite thinking。Actually，Observation of "Sky" and nature，Not only the interests of the thinkers，It is the basis of all the material activities of the ancient ancestors，From "astronomy" to "humanities"，Human civilization also creates students with the construction of heaven and human relations、Evolution。In what aspects of astronomy knowledge and concepts have influenced the development of ancient Chinese civilization? What is the value of astronomical archeology?，Our reporter interviewed Feng Shi, a member of the School of Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences。

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"Journal of Social Sciences of China": When will the development of ancient Chinese astronomy go back? What prompted ancient Chinese ancestors to think and formed astronomy knowledge?

Feng Shi:Today's archeological data and astronomical archeological research proof，To the middle of 5,000 BC，Ancient Chinese astronomy has formed a complete system。It was found that the original relics of the west water slope of Puyang, Henan Province, about 6500 years ago，The astronomical view of the ancestors and the astronomical view formed based on this observation is completely displayed、A series of rich connotations such as political concept and religious concept。Including the planning of the ancients to measure the space and time through the form of the film，Big Dipper、Observation of the 28th bed and the establishment of the four elephant system，The determination of the four gas and the corresponding cultural understanding，The original cosmic theory of the place of Tianyuan，Early kingship and the primitive religious thoughts of the ancestors，These knowledge systems and ideological concepts have very important value for exploring the origin of ancient Chinese astronomy and even the origin of Chinese civilization。Very obvious，Such a complete system cannot be completed in the short term，The history of the long formation and development should be experienced。This means that the origin of Chinese astronomy must be earlier than this time。

Archaeological discovery that is relatively early or late than West Water slope relics，It is also meaningful to solve the problem of the origin of Chinese astronomy。The Neolithic Age 9000-8000 years ago，The ancestors of our country have learned to wait for qi，Created a precedent for the post -rhythm system。In the next thousand years，People have mastered the stand -up test，and improve the knowledge system about space and time。Hongshan Culture ancestor of Hongshan Culture 5500 years ago built the sacrifice of the sacrifice of the sky and the Fangqiu of the sacrifice land，The design of the altar not only reflects the extremely high achievements of Chinese calculations，Even becoming the Yuan 薮 薮。Since then, it has been established in the Xia Dynasty，Ancient astronomy relics are extremely rich，Not only related observation instruments，and more systematically shows the ancient people's understanding of Tianji、Worship of Beidou，and traditional politics related to this、Sacrifice and bet365 best casino games religion。Astronomy is the source of traditional Chinese culture，Its origin actually marked the origin of civilization，The origin of its origin has far exceeded the concept of the 5,000 -year -old civilization history we used to accept。

Observation of the ancients，Except the sun and the moon and the stars、Clouds and rainy and sunny，The most important observation object is of course the celestial body itself。The ancestors think，The location of the sky is on the top of the universe，and the shape is round，These knowledge constitutes the main part of the ancient cosmic theory "Gaitian Theory"。However, in the eyes of the ancients，Day is not an empty round body，The sun runs in the sky in the middle of the year，Summer solstice northeast of the northeast of the northeast of the northwest，The winter solstice sunrise southeast without entering the southwest，Spring equinox and autumn equinox sunrise is east without Zhengxi。So，Daily trajectory of two -to -two to two to two to two to two to the sky can be planned in the sky，This is the origin of the "three days" thought。Liaoning Jian Ping Niu River Liang 5500 years ago, the Hongshan Cultural Faculty of Hongshan Cultural Fair, showing a perfect three -round system，already have "three days" thought。This concept can be traced back to the earlier West Water slope era，In the evening, it is to the Qiuqiu of the Two Generations of the Ming and Qing Dynasties、The three -round design of the Temple and Qiugan Temple。The design of even sacrificing the heavenly wares is also a manifestation of the "three -day" thought，Anhui Hanshan Lingjia Shinshi Shinshi Times Jade Times has seen the shape of the "three days"。The ancients advocated that the sacrifice must be like its category，Sacrifice the sky must be like the sky，Sky is three rings，Therefore, the sacrifice of the heaven and the jade must also show the same appearance。These facts indicate，The ancient people's understanding of heaven is not only specific，Deep。

Origin of astronomy，Fate from the needs of primitive agriculture。To be precise，Ancestors Observation Astronomy，The purpose is to provide accurate time services for agricultural production，This is the time for viewing。Obviously，Astronomy is a knowledge basis for agricultural production，and eventually develop into a unique Chinese culture。

　　"China Social Sciences": except for archeological evidence，What are the representative literatures on early Chinese astronomical literature? What does ancient myths mean to knowing early astronomy?

Feng Shi:The astronomical history in traditional Chinese literature is rich and systematic，Especially for the research of early human astronomy，It is the only fundable material。The unearthed literature is like Oracle、Jin Wen and Jane、Book，Early classics literature such as "Yi", "Book", "Poetry", "Spring and Autumn", etc.，All contain rich astronomical historical materials。"Book of Rites · Monthly" belongs to the system's decree，and Zhengshi related books and other documents are equally indispensable。These all constitute the treasure trove of historical materials of ancient Chinese astronomy。

The history of any nation starts with mythology。Myth is not a work that the ancestors imagined。"Huainanzi · Astronomical Training" records the legend of the co -workers and the emperor，Its anger touches the mountain，To Bet365 lotto review Tianzhu Fold，Tianliang Northwest。The astronomy interpretation of "The northwest of the sky" is that the real Beitianji is not in the north，Instead of position in the west of Zhengbei。Is this myth describing a real nature? Calculation based on the poor，We know，The redttrosive ring in 5000 BC is indeed tilted northwest。Very obvious，The ancients were conveying an astronomical cognition by myths。

"Shan Hai Jing", "Sky Question" and "Huainanzi · This Scripture Training" contains the legend of the 10 -day myth and the legend of Houyi.。The ancients think，There are ten in the original Sunben，Take turns on duty。Yao Shi on the 10th，All things are burnt，So Yao invited Houyi to shoot down for nine days，Leave only one sun。If we return to the level of the original thinking，These seemingly absurd content may not be puzzling。For the primitive ancestors，Will they understand the seemingly simple truth that the sun rose today and the same sun rising yesterday? Obviously not，From the perspective of primitive thinking，The sun that people see every day should be new。The fact that there is only one sun in the sky can only be explored by the ancestors themselves，The process of understanding must go through a sun in a day，to ten sun，Then to the development of a sun。The decimal thoughts of Chinese calculation initially affected their choice of ten sun，and thus develop a traditional tradition for ten days。and people's long -term sun observations will eventually make them understand the fact that there is only one sun，So I completed the leap from the myth of the day。Actually，If you consider the phenomenon of dizziness and fantasy，The imagination of the ten days is by no means no basis。

"Shan Hai Jing" has the myth that exaggerates the father every day，"Shan Hai Jing · Dahuang North Classic" said, "Pu Father does not measure force，Want to chase the scenery "。This myth obviously reflects the historical facts of the ancient people's table measurement。Ancient Chinese ancestors used stand -up measurements to determine space time，The transformation from chasing the shadow to the shadow of the day，Of course, this reflects the progress of the observation method。This makes the word "chase" a traditional term of ancient movie measurement。Tsinghua University Tibetan Warring States Bamboo Book "Bao Training" contains a micro -standing table and regains the place，describes the word "chase"。So，The myth that boasting father is day by day reflects the original movie testing activity before the waiting test。

Ancient myths make today's people examine early civilization。We should peel off the mythical coat，Hook out the truth of history。

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"Chinese Social Sciences": What are the characteristics and achievements of Chinese astronomy?

Feng Shi:Ancient people watching the sky，The fundamental purpose is to load all things on the ground，Zun Tian must be prontive，Get the method of time in the sky，It is possible to take materials in the ground，Therefore, you must check the ground while watching the sky。Actually，The ancient people's understanding of the heavens and the earth had been completed as early as 5,000 years ago。

Chinese ancestors uphold the knowledge of the knowledge of the grid，There is no restricted area for observation and exploration of nature。They only need to care about how to obtain truth through observation and Bet365 lotto review analysis of nature，Finally formed an objective knowledge system。This has made them extensive achievements in both science and civilization。For example, a systematic observation record of strange celestial phenomena such as sun and moon food，Become a major feature of Chinese astronomy。This is due to the cognitive tradition of Chinese culture based on seeking truth as the original。

In the history of human civilization，The formation of the Chinese astronomy system is unparalleled。The ancestor's attention to the issue of astronomy，Almost involved in all areas of this discipline。Not only that，Differential relationships are important issues that they think from the beginning。This not only prompted ancient Chinese in ancient China to produce unique astronomy，It also produced a unique Chinese traditional culture。

For the formation of the early knowledge system，The first thing people need to complete is the planning of space and time，The understanding of the relationship between time and space even constitutes a cognitive basis for Chinese traditional culture。The precision of time and space depends on the precision of the observation method，From waiting qi method to 槷 槷，fully reflect the extraordinary wisdom of the ancients。In terms of observation system，The ancients attached importance to the equator and the Arctic，and established the Beidou and Twenty -eighth Star Official System that is compatible with it。Thinking in cosmic theory is also meaningful。These explorations laid the foundation for the development of Chinese astronomy。

　　"China Social Sciences": Heaven and human relations are the core topics of Confucianism and Taoism。How does ancient astronomy affect classical philosophy and Chinese culture?

Feng Shi:The impact of astronomy on humanities is multi -faceted。The concept of Yin and Yang Five Elements reflects the unique wisdom of the ancestors' understanding of nature，These ideological systems before the Confucian Taoism not only originated from astronomy，and at least in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, I have already been speculated，With rich expression forms。and the ancient people's speculative history of yin and yang can even go back to 8000 years ago。

The core of Confucian philosophy is morality，The core of morality is integrity。The creation of the concept of integrity originated from the ancient people's mastery of time。Survey for thousands of years to make the ancestors understand，Hanlai Summer、Spring and Autumn Preface，Time is sincere but not bully。The summer solstice is the longest day of the day，If the table is tested，The shortest movie at noon that day，This is a century -old，Millennium unchanged，So the ancients germinated "Believe in the Time，No.，and therefore generated the concept of integrity。"Belief as a virtue" becomes the core connotation of the three generations of German view，Confucian philosophy inherit this thought，Use it as the fundamental self -cultivation。The highest morality of Confucian philosophy is the golden mean。4771_4782。Ancient Table，First of all, you need to stand vertically on the horizontal ground，Whether the cricket table is vertical，The ancients had to hang eight ropes from the top of the table，Make the eight ropes in the four -dimensional four -dimensional，When the eight ropes are all attached to the watch body，The table is in vertical state。This state means that the table is not tilted to any party east, bet365 live casino games west, south,，Is just right，So "Zhong" has its basic righteousness -Zhongzheng。This concept was developed by Confucian philosophy into the golden mean thought，It is used to describe yin and yang，then generates neutrality thoughts。

Destiny is a political view developed based on the time of viewing。The ancients think，"Knowing the Wisdom，Zhi Tian Zhi Sheng "。The saints can only be awarded the farm time through the observation，can establish its dominant position in the clan。So，For agricultural society，Astronomical calendar knowledge has the primary significance，Who can give time to the people，Whoever is eligible to become the leader of the people，This is the foundation of the kingship。"The Analects of Confucius · Yao Yao" Zai Yao Shun Zen said, "，Yun Zhi。"" This is the truth。From the perspective of the clan members who are obscure for astronomy，The reason why the saints can accurately teach sometimes more than the year，That's because he understands God's will，You can communicate with the sky，Of course, his power must be from the gift of heaven，So developed the monarchy's granting view of destiny。This concept has become the legalization symbol of the legalization of the king's right in the third generation of politics。Confucian philosophy inherited this idea。

The speculative system of Taoist philosophy is simply using the research and construction of astronomy research。It can be said，Simple astronomy research is actually the predecessor of its philosophical research。Lao Tzu advocates doing nothing but governing，However, what people see are "having"，So if you want to clarify "nothing"，Must solve the problem of "None" first。This job is the realization of Lao Tzu through the exploration of the origin of the universe，He made people step by step from the well -known "You" to launch the "None" before the formation of the heavens and the earth，Finally established "Born in everything，Knowing that there is nothing "。This "No" before is "Tao"，Han Feizi's Xuanxuan。"Tao" is also engaged in "None"，This is the governance of inaction，That is, "Germany" advocated by Lao Tzu。Very obvious，The "Tao" of Lao Tzu's Philosophy is actually based on astronomy research as the basis of speculation，even borrowed heaven。

Except for the impact on classical philosophy，Traditional astronomy view of ancient time and space、Political View、View of Religion、Sacrifice View、The influence of the code system and the scientific outlook is also direct and profound，These ideas ultimately constitute the unique cosmic view of the unity of heaven and man，The core of becoming Chinese culture。

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"Journal of Social Sciences of China": History of Chinese and Western astronomy indicates，What are the differences in knowledge systems such as Chinese and Western civilization?

Feng Shi:Chinese people uphold the grid to know，grid is the best thing，That is, a person's observation and analysis of nature。People can only pass the objective analysis of natural things，can it form your own knowledge system，This is the knowledge of the grid。This kind of analysis of nature does not preliminary premise，Is an objective materialist。So，Chinese culture is a culture pursuing truth。

Western epistemology is to know to know to know。Seeking knowledge does not mean seeking truth，Whether knowledge comes from nature or from the mind，The result is completely different。

　　"China Social Sciences": Western science advocates "removing charm"，Has ancient Chinese astronomy also experienced this process?

Feng Shi:Culfur is the concept of western scientific philosophy，Not applicable to Chinese culture，At least this is not our basic attitude towards traditional culture。I don’t think it is considered to reflect the progress of civilization，Because Chinese culture is for the purpose of pursuing truth，The understanding of the ancients may be deviated with the truth，But this is false rather than charm。

The real excellent civilization should be tolerant，instead of Vol.，tolerance can be deep。Human understanding of nature is very limited。Different historical periods，Because people know different levels，The definition of charm must also be different。If we attribute everything we can't understand for the time being, it is charm，This episodes are obviously narrow。Facing traditional culture，We first need to have devotion，For ancient civilization，The important thing is to remove historical dust，Reveal the truth。The original meaning of "Charm" is the essence of the old thing。Under the circumstances of our unknown right，The result of removing charm may be exactly the removal of essence。

Human civilization is not only so -called science，There is also philosophy、Art and Religion。The world is colorful，If you are vigorously excreted，Remove everything that does not understand the so -called "charm"，We are getting farther and farther away from the truth。Obviously，Knowing the world is not only a feasible road for science，We must have an open mind，Different ways to accept the world，and different，This is the characteristics of the excellent traditional culture of China。

Looking back on the history of human science and the history of civilization，There are too many examples of this。Western science despise and even deny experience，superstition instruments，This greatly limits the understanding of the objective world。I don’t know，The instrument is also created by people's level of experience and cognition。Humans deny their observations and blindly obey the instrument，It looks objective，In fact, it is a manifestation of lack of wisdom。For example, Western science has long denied the "pulse" of traditional Chinese medicine，The reason is that the instrument cannot detect。However, today they measured the pulse through the improved instrument，So I have to admit this fact。The Chinese met the pulse three thousand years ago，Paragraphic medical treatment，Maintain the health of the Chinese people。Is the theory and experience repeatedly proven by the facts for thousands of years? Is it less than the value of a new instrument? Civilization should not have hegemony，Science should not have hegemony。Actually，What is science，This is a question that needs to be reflected。

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"China Social Sciences": Ancient astronomy research is "unpopular"。What are the value and significance of its research?

Feng Shi:Academic value cannot be measured with hot and cold，Academic right and wrong cannot be judged with consensus。The reason why ancient astronomy became a unique learning，Not because of its low value，and it lies in its difficulty。In fact, in a sense，The greater the difficulty，The higher the academic value。Ancient astronomy research is a beneficial key to explore traditional Chinese culture，It should be valued and promoted。From the perspective of the original culture of culture，Can clarify academic right and wrong。From the perspective of regaining your own civilization，Can enhance cultural self -confidence and even national self -confidence。More meaningful is，The core idea of ​​ancient Chinese culture is the unity of heaven and man，This is a very good concept。Studying the relationship between Heaven and Man can not only help us understand Chinese culture fundamentally，and can provide thinking for the development of human civilization。Many people of the West have recognized，The Chinese philosophy of the unity of heaven and man provides valuable revelation for human development。Human understanding of nature is very limited，When we can't fully understand naturally，The best way is to conform to nature，instead of conquering nature。

Entering historical research，It is tantamount to compete with the ancients intelligence。So，The most important task of studying history is to enrich your knowledge as possible。We are influenced by Western academics today，Discipline is more and more detailed，But from the perspective of Chinese history and tradition，A classic classics include Vientiane。If we limit our knowledge in a small range，No global in my heart，It is impossible to do a good job of historius research。Study history of astronomy must first understand China's own astronomy tradition。works like "Historical Records · Tiansheng Book"，Many people avoid their difficulties，Do not read it，But I have to learn from Schola，This kung fu is indispensable。In addition to knowledge, pay attention to historical materials，Can't satisfy second -hand materials。Archeology、Literature、The materials of the ancient text are rich，Each subject is a special study，You also need to work hard，These are academic literacy that historius research must have。Of course，Broadcom and the specialty are always issues discussed by the scholars，We have to try to be as Boomong on the basis of specialization，This can solve the problem。