Abe Yoshio divides Japanese Zhuzi into two spectrums: First, the main knowledge of knowledge (the main style -intellectualist school)，The second is to recognize the self -decent (theory -psychiatricist)。Source of the rationalism (value rationalism) of experience and speculation (value rationalism)。This is the division of the Japanese Zhuzi school，In essence, it contains a summary of its characteristics。This can be seen，Even the Japanese scholars' generalization and recognition of the characteristics of Zhuzi learning in the country are different。According to the perspective of interpretation，It is difficult for us to break the gap between time and space，Reappear the true meaning of the ancients and the true text of ancient texts。But at the same time, I have to see，As a bystander, we may be more clear when looking at the problem，From this sense,，We also have an advantage。Do we need to study Japanese Confucianism from another perspective today? In the past, the academic community was basically from static、Fixed perspective to study the characteristics of Japanese Confucianism，Can I change my mind now，Use dynamic、The perspective of changes is inspected? I think，Exhibitors displayed in museums that Japanese Confucianism can be seen as dead，should look at the existence of life with life。Examine Japanese Confucianism from this way of thinking，I summarize it as the following points。

　　bet365 live casino games

6-7th century，Specific internal and external crisis in Japan，Domestic royal family and the aristocratic surnames are competing for land，The confrontation with the people also intensified，At the same time, facing the rise of the rise of Silla on the Korean Peninsula。So，To change the situation where Japanese poverty is poverty and weak，Social reform needs to be implemented。And the concept of Chinese Confucianism and the German rule of "King Tuwang"、Benevolence Thought，It is in line with the needs of establishing a social change in the establishment of the Emperor of Japan。Prince San Deda promoted bet365 best casino games the "push ancient dynasty reform" between 603 and 604，In December 603, the Confucian German、Ren、Li、Letter、Yi、"Twelve Tier Crown" centered on intelligent centers，The "Seventeen Constitution" was announced in April of the following year，Clarified Jun、Chen、The relationship between the three people，Chen can not fight against Jun court，and "Jun Yan Chen Cheng"，Chen's way of "loyalty to the monarch" and "benevolent"，Specifically, "Based on Li -oriented", "Putting Private to the Gong", "Make the People Time", etc.。Prince Saint Deed in the "Seventeenth Constitution" proposed "peace as expensive" ideas such as human value and rationality。In the "Great Hygens and Evolution" 40 years later，Emperor Xiaode swores to heaven only alliance，Among them, "Huang Tian fake hand is in me，殄 殄，This originated from the "Emperor Disaster Calling Coward" in "Shangshu Yixun",Fake hands in me "。I know，The concept he said on behalf of the destiny，Confucianism。Emperor Xiaode's prince under the guidance of "King Tu and Wang Min"，Dedicated the private government to the emperor as the "public land citizen"，and stated "Tianwu Shuang Day，Nationwide Kings "position，Determine the Emperor's ordered to be in heaven。Since then，Confucianism's destiny view becomes the fundamental political concept that gives Japanese emperor power，Japanese Confucianism began to change from humanistic value rational to practical tools rationally。

Chinese Confucianism advocates "destiny with virtue"，text、Wu Wang Jun "Keta Shenming"，Zhou Gong advocates "with virtue to match the sky"，Confucius talks "for politics and virtue"，Mencius said, "The King of Relief Ethics"。Similar，"Seventeen Constitution" proposed by Prince Saint De is also "it is not sanctified，How to rule the country "; Emperor Xiaode has taken off，"Before the traces of the ancient saints，and rule the world "，Yi Yao、Shun、Yu、Tang、text、Wu Wei's political model。Here，The humanistic spirit of Chinese Confucianism is in the principle of traditional Japanese blood -whether it is the authority of the direct descendant of the gods of the gods -the central status of the emperor。According to the idea of ​​combining Confucianism and virtue，Blood relationship is bet365 Play online games marginalized，The thought of heavy virtue becomes the main content，So Emperor Xiao De is self -reliant with virtues。That is to say，Confucianism began to argue the rationality of the emperor's rule，During the struggle between the royal family，Confucianism becomes a practical tool in the hands of the former。As Huang Bingtai said，"They deal with Confucianism and make it practical"。

　　Turn from the tunnel to the lane virtual device

Chinese Confucianism said "metaphysics，Settles "，Tao is metaphysics，The shape of the shape is the manifestation of the Tao，Therefore, it is advisable to use the tunnel body。Japan was influenced by Han Tang Confucianism before the Kamakura era (1192-1333)，Mainly talk about Chinese Confucianism。Zhu Zixue was introduced into Japan in the Kamakura era，to the Edo period (1603-1867) gradually became official learning。In Zhu Xi’s philosophical logic structure，Tao and Li、Tai Chi is all the same category，He emphasized that all things in heaven and earth are created by the through qi，Reason，Qi is used。In other words，Tai Chi is the body，Yin and Yang is used。"Tai Chi is just the theory of all things in the world"，"There is no heaven and earth first，After all, it's just reason。There is this theory，This world is there; if there is no reason，There is no heaven and earth，No one is nothing，Nothing to load ";" Between heaven and earth，Truth and Qi。Li Ye，The metaphysical path also，Biological foundation; those who are qi，The metaphysical device also，Biological 具 also "。The reason is the origin of the metaphysics and the basis of all things in the world and the basis of。

In Japan，Zhu Zi learned from Buddhism at first。Fujiwara Toso (1561-1619) and Lin Luoshan (1583-1657) two of them made Zhu Zixue get rid of Buddhism，Take the road of independent development。​​Fujiwara Kimo advocates Zhu Xi's "reasoning" thought，Proposal as one、is general，distributed in things，Everything is based on the division of things。Lin Luoshan's in -laws and Qi combination，Great rational and qi and two、Two and one relationship，Proposal Tai Chi is the reason，Yin and Yang is qi，Yin and Yang Qi penetrates into the principle of Tai Chi，"Tai Chi is the dedicated practicality"。Lin Luoshan uses ideas about reason，Not only bet365 best casino games criticizing the God of Jesus prevailed in Japan at that time，Criticizing Buddhism "Taking the great rivers and mountains as a fake，Taking people as fantasy，Reverse Elimination Righteousness "。

Zhu Zixue was introduced to Japan，Gradually obtain the admiration of intellectuals。For example，Mori Dove (1658-1734) thinks，"The way of the heavens and the earth is the way of Yao Shun，Yao Shun's Tao is the Tao of Confucius and Mencius，Confucianism and Mencius Tao is Cheng Zhu Zhi Tao "。He's thoughts according to Mencius and Guijun，I think Jun is not expensive，It is the commission of ordinary people to make it a king; and carry forward Zhu Xi’s poor spirit，Explain the role of yin and yang qi in "Ghost God"，Againing Confucius "not to be weird and chaotic God"。Yamazaki Darkzhai (1618-1682) also worshiped Zhu Zixue，He said: "Cheng Zhu Zhimen，Thousands of words，I just want to make the scholars keep the right way。"Sato Zhi Fang (1650-1719) insists on Zhu Zixue's position，He said, "Two of the two between the heavens and the earth，Therefore, there should be often changes。Frequent people also，Change qi also "，Proposal "Equity Qi"。One aspect，These intellectuals basically follow the metaphysical way、The form of thinking for metaphysics。But on the other hand，Their Zhu Zixue thought also contains turns、The practical tendency of the transition and the reason for the shape and the lower device。For example，Fujiwara Takiwo talked about "personnel is the heaven"; Bihara Yixuan (1630-1714) believes that poor reason is not the principle of poor and upper，but the poor "learning of people's livelihood and daily use"。Ito Renzhai (1627-1705) thinks that the sage is so -called Taoist，The point is "the way of humanity and daily"。This can be seen，Japanese Confucianism contains a steering from the Taoist deficiency from Taoist (Qi)，Tao is just a virtual body，and device、Qi、Personal daily use is real。

　　Turn from the position of the end to the end of the end to confuse

Chinese Confucianism attaches great importance to "sincerity"。"The Golden Mean" says "sincerity，The Tao of Heaven also。The one of the sincerity，The way of people also。sincerity，Never I am in the middle，Do not think about it，calm middle way，The sage also "。Mencius advocates "sincerity，The Tao of Heaven also;，The Bet365 app download way of people also "。Wang Fu believes "Taking the world is just a sincerity，Full of Sage Scholars is just a thought "。In short，For Chinese Confucianists，"Sincerity" is the foundation of moral cultivation。Zi said "gentleman service book，Standing and Taoism "。If the popular people "do not know the first of the first"，It is easy to "repair the end of its prostitution"。

Japan's Lin Luoshan and Yamazaki Yamazaki Accept the idea of ​​"respect" in Cheng Zhuxue，The fundamental to moral cultivation with "respect"，After being criticized by Japanese Confucianists。Mountain Deer Suxing in the ancient school believes，"Sincerity" is the fundamental to moral cultivation，"The Words of the Sage are all caused by people with no sincerity"。"sincerity", "but the world's ancient and modern human feelings"。Father and son family、Men and women's eroticism is the love of "people must"，"Good color，For food，Love Love "。Zhongjiang Tengshu (1608-1648) takes "filial piety" as the fundamental fundamental，I think "filial piety" is not only the ethical concept of parenting，and the principle of the universe and the nature of people，It is "Destiny is really self -owned"。Ito Renzhai believes that "loyalty" is the fundamental to moral cultivation，and "loyalty" and "sincerity" opposite。other，Scholar Scholar Sato Right、Sanzhai Shangzhai，and the ancient school of Xian Shenglai Lai and others have criticized the idea of ​​"sincerity"。to the late Edo period，The moral cultivation centered on "sincerity" has turned to become trend。Xijing Pingzhou (1728-1801) has written a large word "sincerity"，and note: "The heart and the surface are consistent，Twist of inside and outside。”

Visible，Chinese Confucianism is clear and consistent with the understanding of moral cultivation.。In the debate of the Confucianism in Japan，"Respect", "sincerity", "loyalty", "filial piety" which one is what is chaotic，Non -established thoughts that are not established in the mainstream position。Without this，There is no last。If confused at the end of this，It can only be flowed in the absence and no end。

　　From compatible and accumulating to "miscellaneous" cultural form

Chinese Confucianism is both open、tolerance，It also has fusion。Confucianism is tolerance、Develop prosperity bet365 Play online games in the process of absorbing various ideas，and communicating with the thoughts of various factions、Dialogue、Rich and stronger in the debate。Japan is good at accepting foreign thoughts，The ideas of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism can be "mixed" for Chinese。Japan in the Wushan era，Zen monks are widely engaged in cultural activities of Confucianism and Buddhism，They recite both Buddhist scriptures and read Confucian works。Wushan's famous monk Yitang Zhouxin answered in the face of "Buddhist name and Confucianism" question: "Ruofu first sued Confucianism，Let him know that there are people in the first，Then teach the Dharma，Enlightenment has innocence，Not good! "Zhu Zixue and Zen passed into Japan at the same time，"Confucianism knows，Release the help of talents "。At that time, Confucian culture，Become a Shimen Fashion。

Teacher Fujiwara Tyuki Tyomo is combined with Confucianism and Shinto，Open "Confucian Shinto"。Lin Luoshan wrote "The Shrine Test of the Dynasties" and "Shinto Teaching"，Use Confucianism to lay the foundation for Shinto，Say "Shinto Nai Wang Tao"，"Shinto is the reason"，"No other thing outside the heart、No reason。Xin Jingming，God's light is also;，God's posture also "。and Japanese Shinto also absorb Confucianism and Buddhist theories，Whether it is two Shinto、Shanwang Shinto，Still Ise Shinto、The only Shinto is like this。

The reason why Japanese Confucianism has become a "miscellaneous" culture，Because it does not build the core topic of ideological philosophy。The evolution process of Japanese culture is Shinto -Buddhism -Early Confucianism -Zhu Zixue — Ancient Scholars -Yangming Xue。Correspondingly the category of philosophy is Tao -Sex — Loyal -Law -Qi —— People，These categories are also the basic concepts of Chinese philosophy and theoretical thinking。Japanese philosopher、The thinker is then spoken by Chinese philosophy，No original new concept。Another，Japanese Confucianism has no creation、Pick out a core concept，Take other concepts with Tonglong，thus constitutes the logical structure of philosophy。It is impossible to constitute a new philosophical theoretical thinking system without the birth of a new category，Therefore, it can only Bet365 app download be "miscellaneous"。"Miscellaneous" without core，It is scattered without gathering，Can't condense into a system，This is the characteristics of the "miscellaneous" culture。

Japanese Confucianism is characterized by continuous enrichment in the flow change，The general trend of its development is then Chinese Confucianism，This is its limitations。That is to say，Although the Japanese nation is an innovative nation，But its new thought in the world、New Culture、New philosophy is constantly emerging、Under a ever -changing situation，Mainly capacity、for first，too late to think about，Especially not good at reflection。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation's major project "Japanese Zhuzi Literature Compilation and Research" (17zda012) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: The School of Philosophy of Renmin University of China、Confucius Institute of Renmin University of China)