From the perspective of science，Zhang Zai is usually respected as one of the so -called "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty"。But as Zhang Yinian said，Zhang Zai himself has never regarded "reason" as the core of its thoughts。Zhang Zai's doctrine，Permanently emphasizing the concept and function of "qi" and its skills。If you go to school or ontology,，"Qi" is of course not the end and ultimate concept，But if it is based on the function of "qi" and the argument of Qi's own theory itself，is another thing: the purpose of Zhang Zaiqi theory，It is to lay the theoretical foundation for the re -establishment of human civilized life order，and the world of human life and life is placed in the enlarged order of the universe，and then from the level of civilized life, "Ben Tian Tao is used"，Take Fa Tiandao and "Tiande"。This function with "qi"、The ideological system organized by the operation method，Not reduced but expanded the cognitive field of Confucianism、Ideological capacity and practical power。Zhang Zai is drawing on the previous generation Han Yu、Li Yan and the week of the same time、Shao、Based on the two -way academic thought，The ideological path that can be called "civilized Confucianism" can be called。

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Zhang Zai’s civilized Confucianism，First of all, there is a departure from the reality of civilized order。"Therefore, the saint is with the world as a family，Chinese as one person，Non -intentional also，must know its love，Ming Yuqi，Ming Yuqi，Raiders it，Then can be for it。"Zhang Zai is committed，It is an ideological field of ideological vision Bet365 lotto review that is open in the field of political and religious and ethical practice，It is knowledge、Practice、Mingli、The principle of "doing" in the affected land，instead of just seeking the principle of thinking about mind。The source of Confucianism is in "Zhou Yi" and "Mencius"，Zhang Zai's learning is also more powerful from "Zhou Yi" and "Mencius"。"God has no square but no body"，It is Zhang Zai "No Road outside the sky，No God outside qi，The concept prerequisite for God is not exterior "premise。"" Da Yi "doesn't say anything，No words，The sons of the sons also "。Where Zhang Zai，Abandoning the pure conceptual ontology between "or not"，View "Tiande" as the body、is God，"Tiandao" is used、for Hua，body and use、The relationship between divineness and transformation，Unified in "Qi"，People will use knowledge、Delicate，It can also be integrated with the sky、Poor God knows，and then achieve "Yin Yin and Yang、Rigid soft、Renyi、The principle of life "，Make it when "adapting"，Can be unable to go without going back。

In Mencius's thought system，Not only will sex、Life Raiders，and "Zhi" and "Qi" are also interactive: "Zhi" is "handsome of qi"，and "Hao Ran's Qi" is "the person who lives in the righteousness"，Therefore，"Zhiyi is moving，Qi Yi is moving "。But Mencius's purpose is to get out of the abstract condensation of the concept of mind and the inner circulation demonstration，The organizer of "Qi" into an external life value order and order of life。Zhang Zai accurately grasped the purpose of Mencius's theory of nourishing qi: "Qi and Zhi，Heaven and Man，The principle of victory。"The reason why he proposed the theory of victory of spirit，It is to infer the theory of victory of heaven and people。and later Cheng、bet365 Play online games Zhu Yi's science on Mencius's explanation and direction is opposite，Zhang Zai's heavenly people's victory theory，Expressing the interaction between the practice of heaven and human、The concept of mutual accomplishment: "Tianshuman is remarkable，Not enough to speak sincerity;，Not enough to say。"This opened a real life order that moved to the outside、The path of the order of civilization practice: "The saint is up and down the people for consultation，Qi Yizhi also; Phoenix instrument，Zhiyi Zhizhi also。"Zhang Zai this explanation method，Convert Mencius's thoughts to a background with Tiandao Nature、The broad vision of Tianren interacting with the practice of civilized life and the order of political and religious order。

　　"Qi Tong theory" expands Confucian cognitive port

Understand Zhang Zai's "Dajuzheng" and "Daxin" theory from this perspective，It can be seen that it comes from "Zhouyi · Doujin · 彖": "Civilization is healthy，Zhongzheng and respond，Gentleman Zhengye。Only gentlemen can pass the world "，"Civilized" value order，It is the manifestation of the "Tiande" and "Tiandao" that are just popular，and people are not just the result of "natural feeling"，Only "walking what you feel，No violations "，can be called "Zhongzheng and respond"。This reflects Zhang Zai's ideological resources of "Zhou Yi"，Methods of further conversion and pioneering Mencius thought、Path: Mencius's idea，On the one hand、Nourishing sex with things，On the other hand, it is right to the right of heaven、Settlement of life to do his best。This is in Mencius，Start from the horizon of heaven and people，The way to settle the value of individual life value that can not be used in troubled times。But in Zhang Zai's view，"Heart of the World，The Blood of the World，self bet365 Play online games -object，He often has such a difference! "Rehears from Mencius theory one -sided deduction，Maybe there are different "hearts"、Different "aspirations" disadvantages of each other "different"，and "Can't be with others，Not enough to be positive "。Among them，Although there are people in the objective historical conditions where scholars are located，But there is also a cognitive pattern、Reasons for the way of understanding。So，To truly "Juzheng"，You need to be able to "peers"，and be able to "peers"，You need to "big heart"。That's for this，"Dajuzheng" and "Daxin"，In fact, it is two sides of the same problem。

Zhang Zai's "big heart" said，No simply repeating Mencius's inner concept，Not to be divided into the same way、Outside，or in turn to strengthen the internal、Outside，Instead of expanding the understanding of understanding the problem of mind and even benevolence。Qi theory itself provides a theoretical basis that is in the same way，A group、Social Practice This Sports Visual Scene: "In addition to qi，Life is inside，It has no internal and external，For sorceous, Er。"sex as Tiande，Destiny as heaven，At this time, it is no longer an abstract concept of transcendence，3518_3531，This is also based on qi theory、The epistemological prerequisite for the "thing that can be used to the world"。In this case，"There is no body，The heart is outside ";，It is the heartless heart。The so -called heartless heart，is the best of the poor，The heart of people's hearts: It is not tired of seeing it on the one hand，Complete Mencius's so -called dedication、Intellectual、Knowing the process of Zhitian，On the other hand，I will not be greedy for heaven，It will be used as a cognition of "internal and external"，Purely the results of the ears and intelligence bet365 live casino games of being a person's own ears。Under the premise of such a "heart"，Thought or theory is based on "the world": "Adults save，Gai will take the world as the degree，Therefore Mencius teaches people，Although the desire of the goods，Private Private，Da Zhongxia and then。"" In the practice of civilized life, ethics, political and religious practice，If you can really use the world as the scale、Da Tianxia，Private desire is no longer selfish desire，and can be able to solve the selfishness structurally。For most people，This may be a more realistic and practical institutionality、Public strength: "The so -called heaven also，Can please the hearts，Those who can pass the mind of the world also。Can make the world happy and through，Then the world must return。”

　"qi" shifted from "external" to "internal"

Overall，Although the ideal social scenes in "Ximing" may have some utopia tendencies，But Zhang Zai used the theory of qi theory，It is the platform that makes it the theory of learning to "one point"。That's for this，"Ji Yi Wind，San Yi's body "" dead "life gasification cycle，If speaking from the perspective of individuals，It can only be regarded as a simple materialist theory，But if the community of human life、From the perspective of civilized life order，It can provide a broad theoretical basis for the concept of civilized value and civilized practice。"The goodness of the world，Meeting of Lijia World，The benefits of Yigong World，Letter the movement of the day "，Confucianism、righteousness、Li、The category of wisdom，Under the re -explanation of Qi theory，Observation and organizational power of human civilized life and civilized value practice again。Later, Cheng Zhuxue cut off the idea of ​​Zhang Zai，Attempts，Give a full understanding and explanation of the bet365 Play online games existence of this world，Although this is not the same language in the form of logic，But it is still just a rational "sky"，The cycle demonstration between a specific moral value system with humanizedization。Therefore，The cycle demonstration between a specific moral value system with humanizedization，Ruwang Panthan criticized: "Taking heaven as a heavenly，The body of heaven is lonely;，The virtue of the sage "。

Civilized Confucianism is not higher than science Chen Yi，But it maintains the openness of the real and practical fields towards the real nature and practice: "My work is a book，For example, withered strains，Fundamental branches and leaves，Don't know，Those who fill the Rong，It is just human merit。"" Zhang Zai's deep meaning is，The theory may be gray，But it is not from the outside of this world，Through the hyper -verified projection or priority of the life world，to give the latter reasonable，philosophical thought or theory itself is the inner inner of the life world、The backbone of reality，This is a traditional philosophy and meta understanding method that truly belongs to the axis of the pre -Qin Confucianism and Chinese thought。It has multiple problems related to，For Zhang Zai，The result is the so -called "to set the heart for the heavens and the earth，Standing for the people，For the sanctuary，Open the Taiping for Wanshi "Yunyun，Implementation as a practical ideological system construction，instead of being a strong words，At the same time, the openness of the practical foundation and source of the thought and the problem of problem -oriented is opened。The reason why Wang Shipayama strongly respects Zhang Zai as "Zhengxue"，It is in the journey、Zhu and Lu、Between Wang，The self -positioning and dominant ideological orientation of Confucianism has always caring for Bet365 lotto review reality and civilized value practice。

On the question interface of civilized Confucianism，"outer" ("Qi"), this is the instead of becoming "inner" ("reason")。​​In this sense,，As long as it is not like science, there will be a formalization of fields and civilized life in the world of civilized life、Conceptual absorption into the moral shape and the school system，Civilized Confucianism does not reject the shape and the thinking of the ontology，The latter can be used as a derivative、Functional dimension access，、The role of participation understanding。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Literature of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences)