Where is the pragmatism，"Practice" refers to activities that directly deal with the environment，So the activity that opens the world，Also refers to language activities using concepts，As a result, it is an activity that means developing and forming a community。Practicalism Considuous，Human beings open the world with the help of practice，Only the heart of the person、Language and Community。Examine whether artificial intelligence has practical concepts，It means whether the artificial intelligence obtains the mind at the level of philosophy。New Practicalist Brandon believes that the algorithm of the machine is also a practice of vocabulary，Therefore, a defense for a strong artificial intelligence view that is not strict as human heart。This unique concept of artificial intelligence may contain some enlightenment worthy of attention。

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Series has been strong for Qiang、Weak artificial intelligence has been a famous distinction，The difference between the two is reflected in strong artificial intelligence (ie, universal artificial intelligence) with consciousness or mind，weak artificial intelligence is only reflected in the imitation of human mind。The Zelle holds the position of anti -strength artificial intelligence，His reasoning is: (P1) The artificial intelligence program is form (sentence or algorithm); (P2) Human mind has psychological content (semantic content); (P3) sentence method is not composed of semantics science，It is not a sufficient condition for composition of signs of semantics; so as to，(C1) Artificial intelligence program is not composed of the mind，It is not a sufficient condition for constituting Bet365 lotto review the soul (strong artificial intelligence is impossible)。In the above reasoning，Series equates "semantic content" as "psychological content"，Therefore, the letter "semantics" in (P3) is replaced with "semantics" to "soul"，Drop the conclusion of artificial intelligence without the mind。

Hidden behind Celes's reasoning is this preset: possession of psychological content means becoming such a subject，This subject can truly know what the semantics of the expression is when using a language expression，Even if you use this expression, what objects are in the world or the intention of what content is on。In Celes,，Artificial Intelligence's French Exchange is pure form，It is not related to the world situation we actually placed in it，Therefore, the mind cannot be derived from the activities of the world，I can't know the semantics of the world。

Like Sel，Epers、James、Dewey、Roti、New represented by people and others、Old pragmatism attaches great importance to the "practice" involved in the world situation.、Language，and the important significance of the social community。Dewey especially emphasizes the continuity of the process of biological evolution and its physical nature to the surrounding environment.，It is considered to be in the practical activity of "around the world"，We only get the "object" and related "meaning": "as the" object "，Their ability and significance lies in being enjoyed by us in the process of life、Undertake、experience、Use or conversion。"" In this practical process that is involved in the world，Our experience "is both natural，It also happened within nature ... In the case of a certain way, things are experience ... When they are in other ways and another natural object -human body -when they are linked，What is how things are experienced。So，Experience has penetrated into the natural internal，Bet365 lotto review It has depth。It also has width and large or small。It stretches out，This process of extension is inference "。In this sense，Practice has "depth" that presents the objects of the world，It also brings us the "breadth" of these objects in a semantic manner。Practical activities involved in the world are activity of infiltration，This also distinguishes our "body" and the "body" of animals，In Dewey's words，"The body is life，If it is a human body，also with the meaning of preliminary personality "。

The emphasis on practical emphasis on practicalism seems to be supporting Celes's argument: if the French exchange of artificial intelligence is only a form，It undoubtedly does not have depth involved in the world，No breadth of understanding the world in semantic dimensions，No personality body，Therefore, it is impossible to get the mind。

　　Algorithm French Exchange as a practical vocabulary

But，If artificial intelligence's algorithm French exchange can also be regarded as a practical vocabulary，Then Cerle's demonstration and pragmatism's practice will become a reason to support general artificial intelligence。New Practicalist Brandon holds the position of the French conclusion as a practical vocabulary。Brandon pointed out，"Supporting AI reflects this claim，In principle，Computers can do what they need，To use automatic vocabulary ... what to say "。What "here" here is the "intention content" of the computer。So，Brandon thinks，Sentence、Algorithm French exchange is a set of practical vocabulary we engaged in "doing activities"，can then constitute a semantic vocabulary，Pasting conditions of the soul。

The reason for the position of Brandon also comes from the perspective of practicalism，As Dewey explained，Practice is a process that opens the world at the causal level，It is also a process of bet365 best casino games explaining the world at a semantic level，And these two processes are two sides of the same coin。It implies a deep world view here，That is the generation of language and the world，In this process，Consciousness、Mind and social norms are also mature and developed in the mutual relationships。

In the initial type of language, vocabulary such as Vitgustein "Slate Games"，The assistant made a reliable reaction to a certain object when he heard the sound of the architect emitting the "slate".。At this time，"This process happened in language class: learners named the objects。That is，When the teacher points to the stone，He speaks words "。The "Slate" vocabulary here is equivalent to a set of bootstrapping or algorithm of French，It is used to identify "things as something" (upcoming hard plate -shaped stones as "slate"); when the instructions become clearer，Objects are becoming more and more determined; with it，The certainty of the object is fixed with the original simple "sound" as a certain instruction or concept。

Brandon thinks，Artificial intelligence can also use vocabulary for "practice"，Complete what the "Assistant" in a slab game does。His algorithm pragmaticism (Algorithmic Pragmatism) stands for，"Explanation of the practice of a substantial algorithm for artificial intelligence models is worthy of attention，This is because this explanation clearly reveals that it is based on knowing-how to explain to know-what (Knowing-That)。Brief words，Brandon thinks，Artificial intelligence use algorithm existence is also "doing" in terms of terms，Just like an assistant when playing "Slash Game" for the first time，In the beginning, "slate" is only reflected as a set of guidance instructions，The assistant is not interested at this time，"Slate" vocabulary is not semantic vocabulary。If the "slate" vocabulary Bet365 lotto review can become a set of initial vocabulary，and this vocabulary can constitute a sufficient condition for semantic vocabulary，So sentence、Algorithm French exchange can also; then，If the assistant can get the mind，So artificial intelligence will be fine。

　　Three Revelations of the Permon strong artificial intelligence view

I think，We can get three important revelations from the demonstration of Brandon。

First，Brandon's argument actually "reduces" the entry threshold of "smart"，From "only human intelligence is intelligence" to "if it meets the condition of intelligence，So you may generate intelligence "。But this "reduction" is not "degrading"。The argumentation of Brandon reflects another key orientation of the research of artificial intelligence philosophy，reflection on human intelligence itself，Eliminate the mystery and the vagueness of the problem，This improves our understanding of ourselves，It also avoided the problem of "human centralism tendency" in artificial intelligence research。These problems are reflected in understanding the mind only as the human mind，Only practice is understood as human practice，Only understanding the physical foundation of intelligent generation as a unique causal information for humans or organisms。

Second，We should abandon the point of view of Cear's "brain caused by the soul" in the philosophical research of artificial intelligence。What needs to be clarified is，The author has added restrictions to this judgment: in the philosophical research of artificial intelligence。The discussion of this article does not refute the research on the spirit of the soul based on brain science research，It is just urging the abandonment of the "Narrow (NARROW) intelligent view of artificial intelligence as an analog or reinstatement of human intelligence。Brandon's argument provides us with the understanding of "Bet365 app download width" (wide) of artificial intelligence，and a corresponding "wide" mind view，This concept provides a philosophical basis for strong artificial intelligence，It also defines the different division of labor of the work of philosophers and scientists。

From this，Another revelation that we draw from Brandon's argument is，The philosophical exploration of artificial intelligence should not be obsessed with whether artificial intelligence can simulate the brain such as neurons，This kind of problem is the work of cognitive scientists rather than philosophers。Resort of scientific achievements may be able to enhance our understanding of the mind and consciousness，But at the philosophical level，We must first conduct a strict theoretical trial: reflect on whether the new experience material is substantially shaken or enhanced the existing philosophical understanding。If there is no relevant academic support，Labels such as "neurosis" will only mean a full nonsense。

This article examines whether artificial intelligence may have the mind with the mind。We see，Related discussions not only involve understanding of artificial intelligence issues itself，It also involves understanding of our own minds and its relationship with the world。It is necessary to conduct relevant inspections at the level of philosophy，These inspections can provide theoretical basis for empirical research，It can also avoid some misunderstandings of empirical research。For example，If we successfully demonstrate GM artificial intelligence, it is impossible，So discuss whether it needs to bear legal or ethical liability，is an illegal domain。Of course，Whether artificial intelligence can evolve into the mind，It is still an open problem that requires us to discuss more。

　(This article is the "Morning Optical Plan" project (Class A) of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission in 2019 (Class A) "Cognitive Science Research under Practical Aviana" (19CG76) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Institute of Philosophy of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)