Philosophy since the occurrence of Greece in ancient times，It has developed for more than 2,000 years。Aristotle attributed the first philosophy into the range of theoretical science (EPISTEM) with a model of mathematics，Lile of philosophy is a dominant understanding of pure theoretical intellectuals about the essential understanding of the world.。Hegel also thinks，The task of philosophy is to realize the world and the entire experience world，Research and understanding of the rationality is the essence of eternal、Harmony and Law。In the current understanding，Philosophy is usually regarded as a scientific knowledge about human beings (natural knowledge、Social knowledge and thinking knowledge, etc.) summary and summary。Is the nature and role of philosophy? It can be said，Since modern times，Philosophy, as an intellectual theoretical form, has been seriously challenged，Questions about the nature of philosophy and real tasks，Reinstate in depth reflection and criticism。

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Contemporary human society is a scientific and technological society，Science and technology seems to be an unstoppable force，Almost erosion、Controls all the existence and life of people。Traditional philosophy as an intellectual，The legitimacy and significance of its existence seems to have lost，You need to reflect and criticize yourself and make new changes。

Re -establish the legitimacy of philosophy，It is an important topic for thinking many contemporary philosophers。Gadamer is the founder of the philosophy interpretation，In his opinion，The philosophy said today is in rapid change，Facing science，It starts in a way that has never been used in the past，Find proof for your own legitimacy。This is because of，Classical philosophy ’s understanding of the essential knowledge of world things has been replaced by modern science，The popularity of science as a decisive symbol of the times has terminated the classic role of philosophy，Can no longer expect philosophy to provide the essential knowledge about world things like science，Therefore, people with such hope are no longer reasonable: philosophy should once again play its old comprehensive function，and use a unified picture of the world to combine all of our knowledge。Compared to the interpretation of the world provided by various worldviews，Philosophy is no longer treated strictly from its knowledge requirements，As a manifestation of life，Philosophy and other cultural creations with human beings (such as art、Law、religion) has similar value。Habermas also has similar views，Compared to science、Morality and art，The philosophy of as an interpreter cannot have a privilege that is no longer recognized by the essence，Most of Bet365 lotto review them are just knowledge that may make mistakes。Philosophy must give up its traditional form，All you can do is to understand and explain the general structure of the life world。Contemporary Philosopher Roboti also thinks，"Philosophy" may never disappear，However, it must change its own image and convert its activity method，New philosophical activities should shift from "uppercase philosophy" to "lowercase philosophy"，That is the "post -philosophical culture" he said，It should abandon the traditional Western traditional traditional thing to attribute everything to the first principle or seek a temptation of a natural grade order in human activities。Human existence methods are diverse，Philosophy is just a kind of sound of people's understanding and dialogue。

Actually，Starting in modern times，The kind of metaphysics as pure knowledge is criticized and questioned，Kant's profound criticism of the arbitrary theory and school has completely changed the nature of philosophy，It indicates that a true future metaphysical appearance。It is the reflection of the philosophy itself，A new concept appeared in European ideological and culture in the 19th century，"World View"，Try to be in science that is separated from philosophy，Rebuild a unified worldview，Hope for the overall interpretation of restoration science。but but，With the rise of modern empiricalism，Refusing reunification、Universal "World View" metaphysical modern scientific philosophy，The philosophy of the overall and universal thinking is gradually declining，Scientific philosophy no longer explores the unity of world things、Universal and absolute problems，Instead, it is trapped in the logic premise of knowledge propositions such as knowledge、Logical analysis of structure and foundation; proposition meaning becomes the central topic of discussion，Analysis of scientific philosophy brings the fragmentation of knowledge、Scattered、Relators and non -uniformity，Can't provide people with an overall and universal view of the world's things，Unified "World View" requires rejection and dissolution; philosophy has lost thinking about the overall world，I no longer have the ability to reflect on the existence and behavioral significance of people。

For this，Gadamer emphasized，It is necessary to look at its nature and its irreplaceable effect from philosophy as a common thinking method and overall understanding。End of the metaphysics of knowledge theory，It indicates the change of traditional philosophical properties and the atrophy of traditional function，does not mean the end of the philosophy itself。Although philosophy is no longer as a cognitive activity appeal to grasp the essential knowledge of things，But as an abstract overall thinking method，Pursue the integrity and interpretation of world experience，It is still an irreplaceable role of philosophy。Make a rational bet365 best casino games and unified philosophy explanation of things is a transcendence need，This need is an endless process，No matter what people say that philosophy has died，or philosophy does not die。It can be said，Science does not prevent philosophy from changing the image and method to continue exist，Only philosophy only questioned and studied the overall。but，This overall is not like any other limited overall，It is just the whole part that contains it; as the whole，It is a concept of limited possibilities beyond various knowledge。So，The overall study to be studied by philosophy is not what we can know in a scientific way。This means，Philosophy as a cognitive intellectual discipline is questioned，Philosophy must continue to exist，We must deeply reflect on their own nature and change their role，The existence of philosophy、Truth issues are associated with people's survival experience。

　　Philosophy direction to art and humanitiesPhilosophy is essentially a understanding of understanding

What kind of changes can the image and way of philosophy continue to exist? Today is an era that advocates scientific theoretical knowledge，Philosophy cannot be stiffly added above the scientific research work。On the contrary，Only when science stops the restrictions of philosophy supplements and the exclusive restrictions of speculation，Philosophy really play a role。That is to say，When philosophy stops as a essential knowledge on science，The understanding of the philosophy and the new way of action really appear。So，Since modern times，Philosophy is getting more and more with art、Combination of humanities。This is not to say that philosophy must disappear in art and humanities，Instead, it is in the understanding of art experience and human literature，Only explicit philosophy is not a kind of knowledge，Instead, try to understand the pursuit of meaningful thoughts。

First，Philosophy to art and prove the authenticity of art in various ways。People discovered，19、Literary works of the 20th century and other art works in the same era，closer to the old task of philosophy，and see them as the preserved in the great heritage of philosophy。Within France's culture，Philosophy is attributed to literature (lettres)，It makes people feel the approach of philosophy and poetry，Because the word "literature" contains two aspects: philosophy and literature。Philosophy is moving towards art，From Gadamol's view，The reason is that the biggest advantage of art and beauty is that they do not have pure use rules at all，It is impossible for people to find an application rule，in order to achieve the situation of understanding art and beauty。Art and beauty will inevitably allow us to reach our own judgment。If we find that something is beautiful，That means，We are doing judgment ourselves。Mei is expressed by itself，Directly presented in its existence，"Things in beauty are things that Bet365 lotto review are self -valuable"，Related related to yourself，Art experience and beauty are not fixed and inevitable answers，Art is essentially an experiential understanding science。

Next，In a German country，A humanistic heritage of philosophy in the humanistic discipline，This heritage not only distinguishes it from all other studies in modern times，and make it close to completely alternative non -scientific experience。Due to humanistic tradition, it continues to play a strong role in the development of modern scientific thought，Philosophy as a historic understanding of science，Entering "Human Literature" or "Humaniora"。Even in the Anglo -Saxon language，The concept of humanisticism has also been converted into a semantics context analysis marked by "humanities science"，Become a humanistic understanding of language meaning in combination with specific language practice or verbal use。Philosophy to human literature，Because the object of humanistic research is no longer the object of the object, but a person is to yourself、Knowing the creative world world，Its scientific purpose is not just to know，More importantly, the continuous transformation of human self -knowledge。So，Humanities are not intellectual science in the sense of natural science，Fundamental speaking，It is a historic understanding science that people participate in it。Actually，The purpose of ancient Greek humanities education is to pursue the ultimate "beauty"，The unspeakability of the goodness of humanities is in the beauty，The difference between beauty and absolutely unsure is that it can be grasped，The inherent essence of Midea lies in being able to show。Beauty and good are all -one，The essence of beauty is manifested in the pursuit of good，Mei is a symbol of good。

Modern philosophy is no longer ascending an eternal knowledge like traditional theoretical philosophy，Instead, people realize in art and humanities.，Understanding is not only an important characteristic of art and humanities，And the fundamental nature of the subject of philosophy，Philosophy is essentially a understanding of understanding。Art is experiential and understanding，Art experience and beauty without fixed and absolute answers，What it provides is a non -determined meaning understanding of the object。Similarly，Humanities are historic，Different from natural science，Its purpose is not obtaining and having accurate knowledge about world things。On the contrary，People have always participated in the psychiatric science of humanities，Inherit and promote the development of humanities with uncertainty in constant understanding，The issue of truth and goodness of humanities is not a problem of objectivity and absoluteness，but based on human existence、understanding of self -related understanding -fundamentally，It is a pioneering original relationship problem for people and objects。

bet365 Play online games Obviously，In traditional sense，Philosophy This subject study the essential law of all things in the world。but but，With the prosperity of new scientific awareness and scientific methodology since modern times，Philosophy, as a kind of non -confirmed understanding, has caused people to rethink，That kind of absolute attempt to provide human beings about world affairs、OK、The theoretical philosophy of inevitable knowledge is glory and no longer，Philosophy must exist in the change of image and method。Now，Philosophy no longer as an intellectual form of the nature of the world to show its role，but just like art and humanities，It is understanding，Do not provide absolutely certain conclusions，but just unfolding the infinite understanding and explanation of the meaning of the world。Of course，This is not to say that humans no longer need pure theoretical philosophy，Instead, the dominant theoretical form of philosophy and the most vitality ideological space are not as intellectual theoretical philosophy，Instead, it has become a practical reflection on the existence and behavioral meaning of people，Is the Philosophy of Practice。

　　From theoretical paradigm to practice paradigmIs the real task of human philosophy

"Praxis" (PRAXIS) Originally refers to the activity of all life body，Aristotle through distinguishing theoretical knowledge、Practical knowledge and production knowledge，Independence of practical knowledge (phronesis)，This concept refers to the practical behavior of people，But it does not mean the specific behavior of people，Instead, practice practice as a reflection behavior about human activities and life，Quality that is practiced in accordance with reasonable or principles。The existence of philosophy is not only the need for people to question the whole world，More importantly，To integrate the knowledge of the world as a whole to the existence of people and the practical reflection of the meaning of life。It is based on this，Philosophy must reverse and change the "theoretical paradigm" for more than 2,000 years in the West，Establish a new dominant "Practical State"。

The concept of "paradigm" is proposed by American scientist Kon。Affected by it，Gadamer regards the practical philosophy created by Aristotle as an alternative theoretical paradigm different from pure theoretical science，It believes that it can re -deepen the consciousness of psychiatric science with a lawful proof，"The practical science program proposed by Aristotle provides us with the sole scientific theoretical paradigm that can be based on reference"。Practical philosophical paradigm is relative to all of the people's rationality under the "anonymous" scientific methodological ideas，Instead, the practical philosophy as a theoretical paradigm different from pure theoretical sciences。This means，Practical philosophy has completely different objects、Nature and discourse Bet365 lotto review expressions，It is not a kind of knowledge about absolutely non -degeneration at all，but the existence knowledge or wisdom of the existence of people and the meaning of behavior meaning，It is a change、Customization。Fundamental speaking，"Practical philosophy is philosophy，It is a kind of reflection，More precisely，Is a reflection on what must be necessary for human society and life. "。

People should not understand philosophy as an inevitable knowledge about the determination of the world，Instead, it is necessary to treat it as a overall thinking method and reflection of the existence and behavior of the existence of people to treat the wisdom of sexual practice。Philosophy is understanding，and it is practical，Make understanding and mutual understanding that the form of social life is the man's social life，instead of understanding methodology。Philosophy is to let the meaning of things itself understand、Explanation happens to people and appears to people，Including understanding、All knowledge and actions, including interpretation, are integrated in the integrated practical philosophy of human beings。Practical knowledge is prerequisite、Priority and Decisive Significance，The ideal settings of people's actions and cognition of the ideal settings and prerequisites of the ideal composition of people's ideas or practical philosophy，Practical Philosophy as "First Philosophy"，It lies in the universality of its practice or commonality to include us，Our job is to transform all the knowledge about scientific knowledge and from the great historical tradition to us into our practical consciousness。In this practical consciousness，People can change the growth of self -inspiration in life，Science and people's knowledge about your own can really combine，Mastering knowledge and ability can become a real self -control。

Practical philosophical paradigm needs to replace the status of the "Theoria" paradigm，Because the theory of "theory" has proved that it can only be found in "infinite rationality"，and our experience that we have nothing to do with Qi knows nothing about this。Practical Philosophy Stadium Replacement theoretical Philosophy Formula，It means a major change in the nature of philosophy and tasks，The theoretical philosophy of all traditions as the sense of knowledge will allow the overall thinking of practical philosophy of the existence and behavioral meaning of behavior，Practical Philosophy Paragaste of understanding will be a new dominant theoretical paradigm for human philosophy。Understanding the world of life in our language in the history of human beings，It cannot be achieved through that kind of knowledge that is suitable for science，The world of life only believes in itself and does not believe in the scientific object world or object world of science specified by the method。This requires people to change the object of traditional philosophy，From that kind Bet365 app download of thinking and regular thinking about the nature and laws of all things in the universe to "the basic status and theory of people，and practice and people、Practice and people and things experience the experience of doing things. These do not want to call the theory ""。

Practical Philosophy Stadium Alternative Theoretical Philosophy Formula，Practical philosophy constitutes the real task of human philosophy。Practice is not the application of scientific theory，On the contrary，It is the unique source of experience and insight，Take us to ourselves，Insight for uncertainty of its own boundaries and knowledge。The ideological task of human beings is to embed the advancement of our knowledge and ability into the pre -giving nature of nature and culture that we live in it，Attribute the theoretical understanding and the technical possibilities of people and the "practice" belonging to human beings，not the opposite，Remove the world of life, that is, the world that practice, into a technical idea based on pure scientific theory。Practical philosophy emphasizes，Return to more origin、The existence of the existence of people and the existence of the behavior of the person who is in sexual practice wisdom comes，In the practice philosophy of the existence of the world into the existence of people and the meaning of behavior meaning。The real task of philosophy is practical philosophy research，This philosophical task is both the urgent need for the current era of science，It is also based on how humans should really exist in the future。As long as the question is not ended，Philosophy will not end，Practical philosophy is to make people pay attention to and jointly integrate all the common futures that humans' cognition and activities in it。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Philosophy of Anhui University)