The source of humanities between China and the United States is long flowing，Overseas Chinese work hard in the United States、Pioneering Struggle，For the US economy、Technology、Cultural development and social progress made important contributions，Some Chinese ancestors even paid valuable life in the difficult and heavy labor。According to incomplete statistics，There are more than 4 million overseas Chinese in the United States，Studying the problem of overseas Chinese in the United States has important practical significance and academic value。

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Over the years，Many scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive and in -depth discussions on the problems of overseas Chinese in the United States，Getting rich research results。Among scholars of various countries，Director of the Asia -Pacific Research Center of the University of California Los Angeles、Professor Zhou Min, a professor of sociology and Asian Americans, is one of the leaders，So far，She has published 19 academic monographs，Published nearly 200 Chinese and English academic papers。Due to its contribution in the field of immigration research and Asian American research，In 2017 and 2020, she won the Outstanding Professional Achievement Award of the International Immigration Branch of the American Social Science Society and the Outstanding Academic Contribution bet365 Play online games Award of the Asia and Asia and American Research Branch of the American Social Society，In April 2022, it was selected as Academician of American Academy of Arts and Science。

Zhou Min went to the United States in the mid -1980s to engage in sociological research，At that time，Like her, there are rare scholars who use sociological methods to study overseas Chinese issues.。Her original research direction focuses on Chinatown，Its research on Chinatown is mainly based on the following two analysis methods: First, the use of the census data from the Federal Bureau of Statistics for quantitative analysis，The second is a qualitative analysis based on the data collected by the field survey in Chinatown。She organically combined these two methods，This was a kind of innovation for the study of the American overseas Chinese at the time。

Through field inspections and research interviews on the Chinese community of New York City and detailed quantitative analysis of the American population census data，Zhou Min's Structure of the Economy Economy from the Judu District、The impact of the ethnic economy on the adaptation of Chinese immigration society、The living mode of Chinese immigrants，In -depth analysis and study of the inherent mechanism of Chinatown，It proposed the opposite view of the classic assimilation theory that the American sociological community at that time.。Classic assimilation theory thinks，The assimilation of Chinese immigrants is completely passive，The immigration community hinders the assimilation of Chinese immigrants。And Zhou Min Bet365 app download believes that Chinatown is one of the components of American society，It has a unique mechanism and potential，It can play a positive role for immigrants to take root。She proposed，Do not consider Chinatown as a "free place" outside American society，should be regarded as part of American society; Chinese immigrants should not be regarded as need to be developed、Old and backward and stubborn weak，should be regarded as positive upward、Courage to innovate、The strong who can grasp and change his own destiny，thus refuting the slander and prejudice of overseas Chinese in the American sociology community at that time。

Chinatown, the overseas Chinese live district, lasts for a long time，Not only because the new immigrants are constantly moving in，More importantly, Chinese immigrants are good at using the human and financial resources of their ethnic groups to find and create their own employment opportunities，Chinatown is a base for the collective struggle of Chinese immigrants，and thus form a settlement of the settlement of the living district，Created the basic conditions for new and old Chinese immigrants and opportunities for employment and survival。The development of the Economic Economy of the Judu District promoted and consolidated the structure of the community organization，Enhanced and enriched the power of the Chinese community，The social resources and social capital generated by this provide support and help for members of ethnicity。Chinatown provides Chinese immigration with the survival opportunities and development space that the mainstream American bet365 Play online games society can provide，allows Chinese immigrants to maintain their unique cultural tradition，Avoid the dilemma of "Handan Substation" in the process of integrating into the mainstream society，and provide opportunities for them to eventually integrate into the mainstream society。

Related research results have an important impact in the American academic community，Still being widely referenced。Immigration Society、Former President of the American Society of Social Sciences, Portos commented: "In the past 20 years，The United States' research on Asian ethnic groups is still mostly limited to the history and changes of a certain ethnic group or community，Pay less attention to empirical research and theoretical refinement from the perspective of sociology，Zhou Min's academic research fills this gap。"" "Turbus，These Chinatown Streets are not carefully planned and built by entrepreneurs，It is a adaptive response caused by the cruel reality of American society。This fact has a decisive impact on the development of Chinatown。”

　　Analyze the situation of Chinese descent with multi -directional assimilation theory

The study of Chinatown made Zhou Min break through the limitations of classic assimilation theory，Developed a new theoretical framework for exploring the overseas Chinese community from the perspective of sociology。After that，She turned her eyes to the second -generation study of overseas Chinese。In her opinion，The history of Chinese immigration to the United States can be traced back to the end of the 1840s，From 1960 to 2020，The population of overseas Chinese in the United Bet365 app download States has increased by nearly 20 times，This mainly comes from the growth of the number of new immigrants and the population of Chinese descent。Since the 1970s，Education of Chinese descent、Occupational achievements and income levels are close to or even exceeded the non -Latin -American group。Due to the high level of education of Chinese descent、Strong learning ability and entrepreneurial ability，Therefore, the "model ethnic minority" called American society。

Zhou Min passed the sociological research method，Emphasize to find a new theoretical perspective to analyze the second generation of overseas Chinese born in the United States after the 1960s and the process of incorporating them into American society。She proposed the theory of multi -directional layered assimilation，It is believed that the second generation of overseas Chinese from different migration backgrounds cannot integrate into the mainstream American society with the same way，They may be up、Integrated into American society down or horizontally。

Whether Chinese immigrants can succeed depends to a large extent on the background of immigrants，Especially its socio -economic background。For example，Chinese immigrants from the labor class have to engage in low salary work，Life Poverty，Their children (second generation) also need to face the low and harsh living environment and the structural problems brought by the low social and economic status，Including housing crowded、Public security deterioration、Junior cultural confrontation, etc.。

Another，Race factors intersect with class factors，bet365 best casino games The impact on the second generation of overseas Chinese in the United States is far greater than their parents，Race steaming impression still affects the Chinese group。Although Chinese people have made significant achievements，But they are still regarded as "foreigners"，Frequent slander and abuse and personal attack。other，It is difficult for Chinese people to get equal educational returns，They often need abnormally high test scores to enter a prestigious school。Chinese professionals often encounter "bamboo ceiling" -they are often considered work hard、Scientists with super strong ability、Engineers and technicians，but not a competent manager or supervisor。Zhou Min pointed out after examining the situation of Chinese descent through sociological research methods，Actually，"Model Minority" highlights the differences between Chinese and other ethnic groups，Chinese people are still regarded as others、Alien。At present, there are still invisible discrimination against overseas Chinese in the American society。This invisible discrimination has brought a lot of negative effects to Chinese descent，Even formed a vicious cycle。To truly change the invisible discrimination of Chinese people in American society，Need the common efforts of the entire overseas Chinese group。

(This article is the Ministry of Education and Social Science Research on the Ministry of Education and Social Sciences, a theoretical Research on "New Age Socialist Overseas Chinese Affairs" (21jhq001) in the phased achievement of the "new era" (21jhq001)

(Author Unit: Marxism College of Nanjing University of Information Technology; Bet365 app download Marxist College of Beijing University of Science and Technology)