The cultural exchanges between China and the United States have a long history，Overseas bet365 offer working hard in the United States、Pioneering Struggle，For the American Economy、Technology、Making important contributions to cultural development and social progress，Some bet365 offer ancestors even paid their precious lives in dangerous and heavy labor。According to incomplete statistics，There are more than 4 million overseas bet365 offer in the United States，Studying the issue of overseas bet365 offer in the United States has important practical significance and academic value。

　Combining qualitative and quantitative bet365 offer on Chinatown

Over the years，Many scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive and in-depth discussions on the issue of overseas bet365 offer in the United States，Achieved fruitful research results。Among scholars from various countries，Director of the Asia-Pacific Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles、Professor of Sociology and Asian American Studies Zhou Min is one of the leading figures，so far，She has published 19 academic monographs，Published nearly 200 academic papers in bet365 offer and English。For his contributions to the fields of immigration studies and Asian American studies，She received the Outstanding Career Achievement Award from the International Migration Section of the American Sociological Association and the Outstanding Academic Contribution Award from the Asian and Asian American Studies Section of the American Sociological Association in 2017 and 2020 respectively，And will be co-opted as an academician of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in April 2022。

Zhou Min went to the United States to engage in sociological research in the mid-1980s，At that time，There are not many scholars like her who use sociological methods to study overseas bet365 offer issues。Her initial research focus was on Chinatown，His research on Chinatown is mainly based on the following two analysis methods: one is to use the census data disclosed by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Statistics for quantitative analysis，The second is to conduct qualitative analysis based on the data collected during fieldwork in Chinatown。She combines these two methods，This was an innovation for the study of overseas bet365 offer in the United States at that time。

Through field visits and research interviews with the bet365 offer community in New York City and detailed quantitative analysis of U.S. Census data，The structure of ethnic economy in Zhou Mincong settlement、The impact of ethnic economy on the social adaptation of bet365 offer immigrants、Three aspects of the residential patterns of bet365 offer immigrants，In-depth analysis and study of the inner mechanism of Chinatown，Proposed a view that was diametrically opposed to the classic assimilation theory prevalent in American sociology at that time。Classic assimilation theory believes，The assimilation of bet365 offer immigrants is completely passive，Immigrant communities hinder the assimilation of bet365 offer immigrants。Zhou Min believes that Chinatown is an integral part of American society，It has unique mechanisms and potential，Can play a positive role in helping immigrants settle down and take root。She proposed，Chinatown should not be regarded as a "place of freedom" outside of American society，Instead, consider it a part of American society；bet365 offer immigrants should not be regarded as undeveloped、Conservative, backward and stubborn weaklings，Consider them as positive instead、Be brave in innovation、A strong man who can control and change his own destiny，Thus refuting the slander and prejudice against overseas bet365 offer that was prevalent in American sociology circles at that time。

The reason why Chinatown, an area populated by overseas bet365 offer, has endured for so long，Not only because of the continuous flow of new immigrants，What’s more important is that bet365 offer immigrants are good at using the human and financial resources of their own ethnic group to find and create their own employment opportunities，Chinatown is the base for the collective struggle of bet365 offer immigrants，And thus formed the ethnic economy of the settlement，Creating basic conditions for new and old bet365 offer immigrants to establish themselves in the United States as well as opportunities for employment and survival。The development of the ethnic economy in settlement areas promotes and consolidates the community organizational structure，Enhance and enrich the strength of the bet365 offer community，The resulting social resources and social capital provide support and assistance to ethnic members。Chinatown provides bet365 offer immigrants with survival opportunities and development space that mainstream American society cannot provide，Enables bet365 offer immigrants to maintain their unique cultural traditions，Avoid the "Handan toddler" dilemma in the process of integrating into mainstream society，And provide them with the opportunity to eventually integrate into mainstream society。

Relevant research results have had an important impact on the American academic community，Still widely cited。Immigration sociologist、Porters, former president of the American Sociological Association, commented: "Over the past 20 years，Research on Asian minority groups in the United States is still mostly limited to descriptively listing the history and changes of a certain ethnic group or community，There is less emphasis on empirical research and theoretical refinement from a sociological perspective，Zhou Min’s academic research fills this gap。”“In fact，These Chinatowns are not carefully planned and built by entrepreneurs，It is an adaptive response caused by the cruel reality of bet365 offer。This fact had a decisive impact on the subsequent development of Chinatown。”

　　Using multi-directional stratified assimilation theory to analyze the situation of bet365 offer Americans

The study of Chinatown enabled Zhou Min to break through the limitations of the classic assimilation theory，Develop a new theoretical framework to explore overseas bet365 offer communities from a sociological perspective。After，She turned her attention to the study of the second generation of overseas bet365 offer。In her opinion，The history of bet365 offer immigration to the United States can be traced back to the late 1840s，From 1960 to 2020，The number of overseas bet365 offer in the United States has increased nearly 20 times，This is mainly due to the increase in the number of new immigrants and the bet365 offer population。Since the 1970s，Education level of bet365 offer Americans、Occupational achievements and income levels have approached or even exceeded those of non-Latino whites。Due to the overall high level of education of bet365 offer Americans、Strong learning and entrepreneurial abilities，Thus called the "model minority" in American society。

Zhou Min adopts sociological research methods，Strive to seek new theoretical perspectives to analyze the second generation of overseas bet365 offer born in the United States after the 1960s and their integration into American society。She proposed the multidirectional stratified assimilation theory，Believe that the second generation of overseas bet365 offer from different migration backgrounds cannot integrate into mainstream American society through the same path，They may go up、Downward or horizontal integration into American society。

The success of bet365 offer immigrants depends to a large extent on the immigration background of the immigrants，Especially its socioeconomic background。For example，Working-class bet365 offer immigrants have to take low-paying jobs，Living in poverty，Their children (second generation) also need to face low socioeconomic status and poor living environment and the structural problems they bring，Including housing crowding、Deterioration of public security、Youth culture confrontation, etc.。

In addition，Race factors and class factors are intertwined，The influence on the second generation of overseas bet365 offer in the United States is far greater than that of their parents，Racial stereotypes still affect the bet365 offer community。Although bet365 offer Americans have made significant economic achievements，But they are still regarded as "foreigners"，Often subjected to slander, abuse and personal attacks。In addition，It is difficult for bet365 offer Americans to receive equal returns on education，They often need unusually high test scores to enter prestigious schools。bet365 offer professionals also often encounter the "bamboo ceiling" - they are usually considered to be hard-working、Super capable scientist、Engineers and technicians，But not a competent manager or supervisor。Zhou Min examined the situation of bet365 offer Americans through sociological research methods and pointed out，Actually，The "model minority" highlights the differences between bet365 offer and other ethnic groups，bet365 offer are still regarded as the other、Heterogeneous。Invisible discrimination against overseas bet365 offer still exists in American society。This invisible discrimination has brought many negative impacts to bet365 offer Americans，Even formed a vicious cycle。In order to truly change the invisible discrimination against bet365 offer Americans in American society，Needs the joint efforts of the entire overseas bet365 offer community。

(This article is a phased result of the major project "Research on the Theory of Socialist Overseas bet365 offer Affairs with bet365 offer Characteristics in the New Era" (21JHQ001) funded by the Ministry of Education in the later stage of philosophy and social science research)

(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology；School of Marxism, University of Science and Technology Beijing)