In the history of East Asia Agriculture，China often uses cultural crop planting and product processing technology through culture、Economic and trade and other methods spread to neighboring countries，strongly promoted the agricultural development of neighboring countries，The spread of the sugar method is one of the most typical cases。Ancient Ryukyu Kingdom in the relationship with China，Get the most advanced sugar technology at that time。Ryukyu's unique geographical conditions，In just more than ten years, the sugar industry has developed rapidly。Clatfers have become the economic pillar of the Kingdom of Ryukyu since then，It has a profound impact on its historical development。

　　bet365 live casino games

Ancient China in the relationship with neighboring countries，I started output sugar products for the early days。Japan's "Datang Monk East Biography" records，The items carried by Jianzhen Dongdu "have a bowl、诃 Lile、Pepper、A Wei、stone honey、More than 500 catties of sucrose, etc.。"stone honey" is rock sugar，"sucrose" is sugar。early 17th century，At that time, Yami Island, who was still under Ryukyu, has already appeared in the technology that can produce sugar in large quantities。According to later legends，The reason is that Nahiro Naokawa Masaki encountered a sea problem on the way to Ryukyu Island，Ship drift to Fujian，Nakawa Tomo takes advantage of the opportunity to come to China，Learned the local sugar method，and bring sugarcane seedlings back to the country to promote。Later, Amami island belongs to Japan's jurisdiction，In view of the success of the local sugar industry，Trying sugarcane and sugar in all parts of Japan，Finally formed the Sugar Industry area centered on Zanqi and Abo of the bet365 Play online games Four Kingdoms，This incident is regarded as the origin of the history of Japanese sugar -making。

The beginning of the development of the sugar industry in the Kingdom of Ryukyu，It is a sugar -making method spread to Ryukyu through the trade between Zhongliu。The specific time of sugar cane introduced into Ryukyu is unknown，North Korea's "Li Chao Records" contains Seventh Ancestor (1461) December，Ryukyu is Pu Xugu、Deputy envoy Cai Yan went to North Korea to negotiate the drifting people。Because container is similar，Messenger mistakenly dedicated the honey gluttony as "Tianzhu wine" to the king of North Korea，"Lainer opens，，Nai Sand Sugar "，Explain that Ryukyu can already use sugarcane liquid glycogen in the 15th century。Eleven years of Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1532)，Chen Kan came out to make Ryukyu，recorded in the recording of its book: "There is a banana、Sugarcane、Pomegranate、Orange、persimmons and the like。People say that winter melon can quench thirst，Sugarcane giant like a bowl shape，Nothing。"This shows that there has been a long time of sugarcane planting sugarcane in Ryukyu，and always regard it as a sweet food。In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the register of Zhouhuang's "Ryukyu National Strategy" was loaded，sugarcane in Ryukyu "color red、Short festival，Every year。Small person，Used to make sugar "。

The opportunity to really make major changes in the Ryukyu sugar industry，It is the tribute trade with Fujian as the fulcrum between Zhongliu。Since 1372, Ryukyu sent to tribute，Gong envoy will be landed from Fujian，Check in the Ryukyu Hall，Select to Beijing。Extension of as a tribute，Ryukyu's allowed to send international students under the allowance of the Chinese court。In addition to the "official students" who are officially enrolled in the country,，There are also "diligent students" who are mainly studying technology at their own expense，These bet365 best casino games "diligent students" shoulder the mission of bringing China's advanced production technology back to Ryukyu to promote social development。On the occasion of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Fujian is one of the main sugarcane production areas in China。During the Wanli years，Fujian's sugar -making technology has evolved significantly，The use of sugar sugar and the popularity of yellow mud to increase the yield of sugar。These technologies also introduced to Ryukyu in the late Ming Dynasty to study in China through the way of "diligent students"。

　Introduction of Chinese Sugar Law

Early 17th century in Ryukyu officials，Han named Ma balance，Emphasize the introduction of foreign crops into Ryukyu to promote economic development。Ma newly created a certain scale of kapok planting in Ryukyu，I also tried the sweet potatoes brought back by the wild manager from Fujian，All succeeded。From this，Sweet potatoes become one of the important sources of food for Ryukyu。Tomorrow for three years (1623)，Ma balanced the villagers in their territory and took the tribute ship to Fuzhou，Learn from Fujian to the most advanced sugar technology at the time，and bring it back to Ryukyu。The "Three -year Balance Balance Blippot Blippot Blippot Blippot" in the History Book of Ryukyu State Book "Ball Balance": "Mochia balances the country's sugarcane does not know sugar，So the village from Yimajian went to Fujian，Method of learning sugar，Only in the balance family has taken sugarcane juice to boil brown sugar，Finally in the middle school。"" Old Ryukyu State "also records:" Although the country has had sugarcane since ancient times,，and the people are unknown to make sugar。Tianqi three years Guihai，Yijianyi people with tribute (going) Min Shi，The pro -cloud of the Ma Shi is often allowed to learn to create sugar，He in Fuzhou，Come back for the method of making sugar -making，True Jewei，Plant sugarcane bet365 best casino games in the house and start making，Sui -running in the middle of the country。"" The sugar -making method of the Ryukyu Kingdom originated from Fujian，Communication through production technology to Ryukyu，After a small -scale test after a hemp balance，Gradually promoted to the country。

Before the introduction of the Chinese sugar -making method，The method of making sucrose of Ryukyu people is still quite primitive，People cut the harvested sugarcane peeling into two or three inches，Put it into the stone mortar and smash，Put in a cloth bag，Put the bamboo cage juice，Crystal sugarcane juice with lime and lime to obtain sugar blocks。This method consumes manpower、Lack of efficiency、High sugar loss rate，No decisive impact on Ryukyu agriculture。Method introduced from Fujian is called "two rotor and three pot methods"，Two rotary is a wooden juice car，Drive juice vehicle from Niu Ma and other livestock juice trucks，Squeeze sugar juice through two erected wooden rollers on the car，Put the lime's clarified sugar juice into the three -sided iron pot of the grade shape，Finally, summarize the thick sugar juice to the crystallization of a large pot。The juice part is performed by the animal power，Refining is completed by manpower，Continuous operation，Squeezing sugar juice at one time，and the retention rate of sugar can reach 30 % or more，Quickly promoted。

In the first year of Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1662)，Ryukyu Kingdom to improve the quality of sugar，Sending a "diligent student" Lu De first followed the celebration and entered the Gushan of Fuzhou，Learn from the locals to make sugar and rock sugar system。The so -called white sugar system is the yellow mud slurry of Fujian，The rule of rock sugar system is a sugar refining method。These two sugar -making methods that Lu De first brought back to Ryukyu got a certain spread in Ryukyu。Zhou Huang's "Ryukyu National Strategy"，Ryukyu bet365 live casino games human sugar -making "squeeze small cane juice，There are also rock sugar、White Frost "。Compared to brown sugar，sugar and rock sugar only occupy a part of the total amount of sugar。Ryukyu Granu's overall finished product quality is not outstanding in the early stage，But since the introduction of the Chinese sugar -making method，Ryukyu can produce a large amount of sugar in large quantities。

　　Ryukyu formed the sugar industry economy

The manufacturing of sugar covers harvest、Squeeze juice、Boil、precipitation、Transportation、Storage and other processes，Each link requires more labor compared to ordinary crops，Farmers cannot produce separately。So，Ryukyu produced a series of new systems to produce sugar in the mid -17th century。First of all, the establishment of "Gan Sugar House"，All villages that allow sugar production in Ryukyu have established livestock sugar workshops。"Gan Sugar House" adjacent to sugarcane fields，Villagers plant sugarcane under the strict supervision of local officials，Enter the workshop after the sugarcane harvest，The process of completing the sugar car juice and cooking syrup。Followed by the neighbors of sugar farmers and their relatives, etc., they form a group named "Gan Sugar and"，Participate in collective production。"Gan Sugar and" generally consisting of five people，The order of entering the sugar house is determined by the mature situation of the sugar cane field where the sugar cane field is located。This production organization uses the village as a unit to work together，Co -affiliated with tax。Overall，The introduction of Chinese sugar method，Promoting the development of the collective economy of the village in Ryukyu。

Ryukyu cane planting adopts the agricultural time of Chinese spring breeding and autumn harvest，But China ’s first monthly cane。Ryukyu is later，Usually sowing in March，September Cream Harvest，The seedlings bet365 Play online games are taken again when the sugar is boiled in the first month of the following year，This cycle is reciprocated。Boiled brown sugar is listed on the spring and summer farming leisure。Land of Ryukyu Islands Land is barren，Multi -Typhoon，It is very difficult to do normal food farming，sugarcane crops can adapt to the local environment。Due to the use of improved planting methods，In addition, the climate is suitable，In just ten years，Sugar Cane in the King of Shangxian (1641-1647) has become the largest domestic crop in Ryukyu，The annual output of brown sugar reaches about 870,000 kg。

The most profound impact on the history of Ryukyu is the sugar monopoly system。After the introduction of sugar -making method，The sugarcane planting industry quickly spread out in Ryukyu。The rich profit of sugar is finally valued by the King's Mansion，Wangfu, therefore, a sugar monopoly system was established in 1652，All the sugar products are collected to the palace all，Export to Japan in exchange for funds to maintain tribute trade。1697，Ryukyu King's Mansion In order to prevent the production of overcapacity, the sugar price declines，Release of sugarcane planting restrictions，Strictly strictly stipulate the planting area and the upper limit，Set up agricultural government officials "sugar pursuit" to supervise sugarcane planting。From this，Gan Sugar Industry has become the fund pillar of the Ryukyu trade，and even the twenty -first year of Qianlong (1756) blocked Zhouhuang to write to，The "Angel Museum" in welcoming the Chinese Book of China is at idle time，"Chinese people set up factories，Among them "。Ryukyu transports sugar to Satsuma Fan in Japan every year，Remake to the Osaka Market for sale，Finally, by earning a difference in profit margin。Ryukyu Granulae was sold on the Osaka market as early as 1706，like charcoal group，It is called "Maruyu" by the time.，Do not fall down in the competition bet365 best casino games with other sugar。mid -19th century，The brown sugar produced by Ryukyu and Amami occupies about 51%of the Osaka market in Japan，It is even maintained、Liu、​​Important products for trade relations between the three kingdoms of Japan。

To sum up，The sugar -making technology from China laid the economic foundation of the Ryukyu Kingdom，and continuously provide funding support for the tribute trade between Zhongliu。It reflects the spread of ancient Chinese agricultural technology in East Asia，It also reflects the close connection between China and Ryukyu in history。

(Author Unit: School of Social History, Fujian Normal University)