Social bet365 apuestas is a typical feature of the development of contemporary capitalist society,It not only represents the changes in the historical conditions of capitalist society,It has also become an important dimension for Western scholars to analyze current social changes and interpret the development trend of globalization in the 21st century。In the accelerated evolution of critical theory in capitalist society in the 21st century,Mainly showing three paths: the modern time structure path represented by Rosa;The technical path represented by Wackman;The ideological path represented by left-wing accelerationists。Although these scholars adopt different perspectives,But they all noticed,Social bet365 apuestas brings prosperity at the same time,has gradually become an out-of-control force,Continuously challenging the limits of human survival。
Modern time structure path: the time mechanism driving social bet365 apuestas
Rosa takes the relationship between the subject and the world as the fundamental starting point for analyzing the process of modern bet365 apuestas。He passed the examination of time structure,Explains why bet365 apuestas is the crux of the postmodern crisis。Rosa thinks,Time structure is the connection point between actors and social systems,Whether it is the micro level or the macro level of society,They are all brought together through various time structures。Under new historical conditions,The time structure of modern society is primarily characterized by bet365 apuestas,Therefore the development of modernization can be understood as a process of accelerated time structure。According to his division,Social bet365 apuestas is divided into technological bet365 apuestas、The bet365 apuestas of social changes and the bet365 apuestas of the pace of life。Each bet365 apuestas is simultaneously the cause and consequence of the other two。From this,Three kinds of bet365 apuestas form a self-accelerating cycle process,This is the internal driving force for social bet365 apuestas。In addition to its own activities in modern society,Each type of bet365 apuestas corresponds to a drive engine,That is, the economic engine (corresponding to the bet365 apuestas of technology)、Social structure engine (corresponding to the bet365 apuestas of social changes) and cultural engine (corresponding to the bet365 apuestas of the pace of life),Dual internal and external driving forces together form a stable social bet365 apuestas structure。
As a consequence of social bet365 apuestas,The transformation of the time structure of modern society not only reconfigures the relationship between people,Also alienating the relationship between the subject and the world。The accelerated pace of social development has improved productivity and production methods,But people find themselves drifting away from a better life,Produces such as anxiety、Depression、World-weary、Mental weakness and other problems,These increasing changes and pressures indicate that serious problems have arisen between the modern subject and the world。Modern people cannot stop in the high-speed competitive environment,Like standing on a slippery slope,Forced to move forward to avoid falling。Rosa describes this state of action that is both voluntary but contrary to our "real" will as "alienation"。In alienated state,The relationship between the subject and the world is alienation、Indifferent,They lost to themselves、Perception and understanding of the true meaning of other people and the world at large。In order to overcome alienation,Rosa proposed the "resonance" plan。According to his explanation,Resonance is not an emotional state,But a specific social relationship,Emphasis on the response between the subject and the world。People can find their inner voice through resonance,Finally leading to a better life。
Technological Path: bet365 apuestas Pressure from the Perspective of Technological Feminism
Some existing technological determinisms regard technology as the decisive factor in social change: Optimistic technological determinism affirms that technology has promoted the progress of human civilization;Pessimistic technological determinism believes that technology has led to the degeneration of human nature。As a representative of technical feminism,Judy Wackerman takes a neutral stance,Calling that we should abandon the traditional dichotomy of whether technology is liberating or enslaving。She believes the cause of time scarcity is not technology,Because technology itself does not directly cause bet365 apuestas or deceleration,But due to personal reasons、The increasing complexity of scheduling family and work activities,Making bet365 apuestas a universal time experience。
The bet365 apuestas of technology should have increased free time or slowed down the pace of life,In fact, people’s leisure time is being squeezed,Feeling more time short than ever。Same as Rosa,Wackman also discovered this "time crunch paradox"。Wackman thinks,Existing analyzes of time use do not directly reveal the causal relationships that lead to the time crunch paradox。These studies miss two important factors: one is economic factors and demographic factors,Including labor market、Working hours、Changes in family composition。Many social bet365 apuestas theorists discuss the bet365 apuestas of the pace of life,Because the object of investigation is an abstract subject,Using average working hours masks huge redistributive differences in paid work between the sexes,Thus ignoring the average working hours of individuals and the differences in collective working hours within the family between gender individuals。The second is cultural factors,Mainly refers to the fiercely competitive consumer culture。Capitalism creates an illusion for people - consumption level is equivalent to status symbol,So people are eager to work longer hours to get more pay,And then satisfy one’s own possession of consumer goods。
Wackerman emphasized,The bet365 apuestas of technology will not bring more leisure time,Better use of time throughout the day is an important part of alleviating time constraints。In order to better handle the complex relationship between technology and time,Wackman proposed the need to actively seize time sovereignty。Efficient information and communication technology has reshaped people’s perception、Ideas and social time experiences,Cultivated new social interaction patterns。Under the capitalist system,Working hours are full of gender、Power relations such as class and race,And these relationships are increasingly unequal under the regulation of digital technology。However,Wackman is optimistic that digital technology will reorganize different time zones、Can play an active role in mediating new forms of intimacy and new ways of handling family affairs。Because digital technology may cause people to be pressed for time,It may also bring people more ways to relax,The relationship between technology and time is always dialectical。Wackman pointed out,It’s not that people’s time is reduced,bet365 apuestas is not the root cause of time shortage,But due to the specific economic and political background,Changing standards and expectations for work and daily life,It makes time more chaotic。
Ideological Path: bet365 apuestas Political Manifesto
If Rosa and Wackerman focus on the pathological analysis of the bet365 apuestas phenomenon of modern society,Then left-wing accelerationism directs its criticism at the contradiction between technology and society within capitalism。Accelerationism is a social trend that has emerged rapidly in the West in recent years。2013,The article "Political Manifesto of Accelerationism" published by Srnicek and Williams, representatives of left-wing accelerationism,Transform accelerationism from an implicit social trend into an explicit political theory。The core essence of left-wing accelerationism is,The bet365 apuestas of modern society is an inevitable trend,Due to the continuous intensification of contradictions within capitalism,The capitalist system will eventually collapse。They emphasize technology as a key driver of social change,Advocates to overthrow the capitalist system by accelerating the process of technological evolution,And create conditions for the establishment of a post-capitalist society。
In the perspective of left-wing accelerationism,Technology can be seen as an important political means to break the neoliberal monopoly。Different from those critical approaches to modernity that regard productivity itself as the bullseye,Left-wing accelerationists are inspired by the "machine theory fragment" of Marx's "Grinder",From the criticism of productivity to the criticism of production relations。They set the strategic goal of “politicization of technology”,Want to transform the capitalist machine,Make it serve socialist goals,No longer deny the progress of technology,But to further unleash the potential of productivity by adopting proactive technology policies,Realize the transformation of class power。With the penetration of platform capitalism in the 21st century,Left-wing accelerationists issued an initiative to "reshape modernity",Advocates the establishment of a counter-hegemonic force to combat neoliberal expansion by playing the central role of technology,Seeking a new politics for the future,In order to challenge capitalism to the greatest extent。On this basis,Srnisek advocates the implementation of “platform collectivization”,That is, seizing technological dominance from the existing hegemony of platform capitalism,And transfer the power to own and control the platform to the public。Go further,He thinks the left can push for a post-capitalist platform,Use the data collected on the platform to achieve democratic participation,Reallocate resources。Under the dual influence of attacks from the right and the failure of the left’s own attempts at bet365 apuestas transformation,The left’s future needs to reconstruct various forms of class power from passive civil political action,Extensively unite different classes,Form a force for change,And use the latest science and technology to liberate humans from arduous work,Building a fully automated “post-work society”。Anyway,Left-wing accelerationism starts from the relationship between technology and politics,Emphasis on using potential to fight power。However,Underestimating society by overemphasizing the importance of technological hegemony、Political and cooperation factors,This idea is a bit optimistic。
With the new round of social bet365 apuestas brought about by digital technology,While people’s life efficiency is improved,Social competition is also accelerating,Involution has become a new era label for modern people。Facing the changes of the new era,Foreign scholars analyze the bet365 apuestas of contemporary capitalist society from their respective perspectives。They no longer come from the consumer society as they did before、Explaining postmodern characteristics from the perspective of state power,But based on the new changes in the contemporary capitalist world,Analyze the phenomenon of social bet365 apuestas and its causes and actively seek solutions。
(This article is part of a major project of the National bet365 apuestas Science Fund "Critical Research on Western Radical Left-Wing Literary Theory in the 21st Century from the Perspective of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind" (20&ZD290) phased results)
(Author’s unit: Department of Philosophy, Dalian University of bet365 apuestas)
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