Post-Humanism formed in the 1980s，Also known as post -humanism，Favorite reflection and criticism of traditional humanism，In recent years, the more attracted attention and attention from the academic community。Humanism establishes the central position of people in the world，The philosophy and ethics system built with this becomes the framework of the main ideological ideological thinking of modern civilization。Post -humanism understands the basic concept of humanism，Try to eliminate the myth of human centerism and others，Construct a new set of worldview and ethical propositions，How to understand the existence of contemporary and even the future、Think about your own meaning and value、Examine the relationship between the environment, etc. It provides new ideas。Post -humanist thought has two obvious dimensions -deconstruction dimensions and reconstruction dimensions。These two dimensions define the "post -" post -"post -" post -"post -humanism。

　　Decodic dimension

Post -humanism can rise and be widely accepted，A very important reason is that it has a deep social ideological basis。Economic development and scientific and technological progress of contemporary society，Sometimes not only does not bring more peace to human society、Stability and prosperity，Instead, it may cause the world to fall into a crisis。At the same time，With the continuous infiltration of people's body and consciousness with technology and applications，Some people have already lived under the initiative of technology，And more and more people are being bet365 best casino games wrapped in it。The situation in these two aspects，I raised a series of new problems about themselves，Promote people to reflect on their position in the world and their own abilities、Wisdom and defects。In this context，Post -humanism is based on the criticism and deconstruction of the tradition of western -shaped and school in the postmodernism，From the theory of control、System Theory、Biological ethics and other fields draw nutrition，To understand the basic concept of humanism。

Post -humanism thinks，The concept of a person is just the construction of people in modern times，Lack of sufficient legitimacy foundation。Post -humanist quoted Foucault's archaeological analysis of the concept of human beings: there is no universal humanity or the essence of a priority person to define the existence of people，People originated from historic discourse construction。The construction of a person is accompanied by suppression of many humans and non -human others，Established the same sex through the exclusion of the difference。，Humanity's proud reason is also considered to be the foundation without the foundation。Post -humanist Neil Badmington's judgment on Cartesian "I think I am" to understand the structured subversion。Descartes think，People can judge the advantages and disadvantages、Different from the rationality of right and wrong，The rationality of human thought is beyond the animal's animal nature，Makes people a person。Bedmington pointed out，According to this logic，If one day, a machine can develop sufficiently strong cognitive ability to deal with all possibilities，Then the boundary between people and machines does not exist (even Descartes itself has such a prophecy)Bet365 app download 。From this perspective，Even to some extent can be said，Descartes turned from a humanist to a paradox to postpone humanists，Because humanism believes that human consciousness and thinking are just complicated、Unpredictable reflection of external stimuli，There is no essential difference between the same machine。

Post -humanism aims to break the myths about human centers such as human centerism breed by traditional humanism。Human centralism places humans on other non -human existences，Makes human self -confidence and conquest desire extremely inflated。Post -humanism through deconstructing people’s myth，Pulling humans back to the plane of nature，Criticizing human species discrimination by animal research。Even some later humanists try to break the binary opposition of life and non -life substances，Place humans with non -life objects in the same position，Emphasize human material composition。Post -humanistic criticism of traditional humanism and rejection of human centralism，It constitutes its deconstruction dimension。It can be said，Post -humanism is to set its own criticism tone by challenging the inherent concept of humanism and the authoritative level order established by human centralism，This has opened a broad interpretation space。

　　Constructive dimension

Post -humanism while deconstructing and criticizing humanism，Also emphasize how to reconstruct the cognition of the existence of people，and proposed a new set of worldview and ethical propositions。Reconstruction dimensions of post -humanism，Mainly in the use of a new type of human subjectivity to replace humanism's definition of human subjectivity，thus reconstructing a state of existence、meaning and value orientation。

bet365 best casino games First，Post -humanism advocates the hybridness of human subjects，It is believed that people are the products of various substances and information hybrids and exchange。The most famous point of view in this regard is the discussion on Suberg in the book "Declange Declaration"。According to the idea of ​​Haravi，Suberg is a mixture of machines and organic bodies，is a threshold existence between humans and machines，It is both a person and a machine，At the same time, neither people nor non -machine。So，Suberg can break the organic body and machine、The boundary between the type of material and non -real body，Become a kind of transcendence、Race, etc.。Halavi further pointed out，With the development of economy and technology，People living in the post -industrial society may be increasingly constructed to constitute Cyberg。Haravi thinks，Suberg contains the power of liberation，Because it represents a hybrid body that can surpass the modernity of modernity。Miscellaneous means diversity and heterogeneity，It is the same innerly with any center、Authority and level resistance，Digital to a recognition difference、Open and inclusive ethical spirit。

Next，Post -humanism thinks people、A symbolic relationship with other species and even non -life substances，Emphasize the symbioticity between human subjects with the environment。This symbiotic breaks the autonomy and self -perception of traditional humanism for human subjects，advocates communicating with each other with the environment、Mutual influence and interdependence。N. Katherine Hayles pointed out，Emerging sciences such as cognitive science make people recognize，The autonomy subject that has the imagination of bet365 Play online games humanism may never exist。She thinks，Human subjects are always with a variety of heterogeneous substances、Interaction of information entities，Together with a distributed system to cope with the unpredictable occasional world。She borrows the "Chinese room" ideological experiment of John Rogers Searle to explain this distributed system。Series fake，A person who can only English only in English is closed in other places except a small window except the door (the situation inside the room cannot be seen outside the room)，You can use a translated manual to translate Chinese paper from small windows and replace it in Chinese。So，Does this person understand Chinese? Sel wants to use this thought experiment to point out，Just as people in the house cannot truly understand Chinese through the manual，Machines cannot achieve real intelligence through programs -artificial intelligence cannot really think like humans。Haiers includes people in this thought experiment、Handbook、The entire "Chinese room" including the room is regarded as a distributed cognitive system that understands Chinese。In this system，People、Handbook、The room has completed the function of Chinese cognition。and contemporary humans live in similar functional systems: people who do not understand the ignition system of the car can also drive; people who do not understand how to control the temperature of the microwave chip can also use a microwave oven to heat food; etc.。Haars pointed out，Human beings have always been in such a symbiotic system，Therefore, the rise of intelligent machines in modern society will not threaten people's rights and responsibilities -human -machine cooperation has only continued and promoted the symbiotic relationship bet365 Play online games between people for thousands of years with the external environment。

Last，Post -humanism considers the subject as a dynamic generation、The process of evolving with the outside。Post -humanism breaks the body boundary between humans and animals and other non -life objects，Perform the generation of the subject as a dynamic、The process of continuous development。Where，People are constantly adjusted with the external environment、evolution，To more adapt to the complicated changes of the world。Cary Wolfe (Cary Wolfe) quoted the view of Bruno Latour，No fixed essence，It should be regarded as an unknown X form。​​A person's body is actually a virtual state，Always maintain unlimited internal complexity and unfinished，The only constant nature is as dynamic、A subset of a complex world has been interacting with the outside、Common evolution。Haiers has discussed the mutual shaping and common evolution of contemporary digital media with human thinking。In the era of traditional paper media，People’s reading mode is read carefully。But enter the digital age，People are getting used to reading superculture。Behind the reading of super text，It is a new type of cognitive mode evolved in human thinking。At the same time，Human new thinking and cognitive habits in turn promoted social media、Digital media such as music and video sharing websites。This digital media is with the mutual change of human beings，It is an example of human subject and external evolution。

Miscellaneous、symbiotic and common evolution of the external environment，It is the new cognition of the human subject after the humanism。Through the interpretation of these subject characteristics，Post -humanism completed the reconstruction of the new type of human bet365 Play online games subject。Post -humanism of humanism for people，Not only refreshing people's cognition of human subjectivity，It has more positive ethical significance -this cognition calls a more tolerant definition of life and the responsibility for the form of non -human life。In the final analysis，Post -humanism still has to tell people how to survive，How to coexist with other species and the environment responsible。

　　(The author is a lecturer at the School of Foreign Languages ​​of Beijing Information Technology University)