People's bet365 mobile of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a bet365 mobile of the whole process,Also a true bet365 mobile。The whole process of bet365 mobile cannot be based on a static、Grasp it from a metaphysical perspective,But we must realize its ability to continuously deepen development and self-improvement。The reason is,bet365 mobile guarantee in the whole process、Encourage and fully realize the actual participation of all citizens,is "iterative"。Full-process bet365 mobile has the characteristics of carrying forward the past and opening up the future,The emergence of socialist people's bet365 mobile with Chinese characteristics、The process of development and continuous improvement fully illustrates this point。
When General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected community governance and services at the Gubei Civic Center, Hongqiao Street, Changning District, Shanghai, in November 2019, he stated: “We are following a path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics,People’s bet365 mobile is a whole-process bet365 mobile,All major legislative decisions are in accordance with procedures、After democratic preparation,Through scientific decision-making、Produced by democratic decision-making。”The whole-process bet365 mobile proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping here is a brand-new expression of socialist people’s bet365 mobile with Chinese characteristics from theory to practice。
As everyone knows,Although there are many ideas in Chinese historical tradition that emphasize the importance of the people, such as "the people are more important than the monarch",But in terms of its origin, bet365 mobile in the modern sense has to go back to the ancient Greek world, which is very far away from us in time and space。And its most well-known classic expression,It is the liberal parliamentary democratic system of capitalist society。End of Qing Dynasty and beginning of Republic of China,The concept of bet365 mobile has entered the modern Chinese context through the translation activities of Japanese scholars。For that matter,bet365 mobile in the modern sense is a foreign product to us。But,Several generations of Communists adhere to Marxist theory,According to one's own national conditions, absorb and learn from the successful experiences and failed lessons of democratic theories of other countries,Embarked on the path of socialist people’s bet365 mobile with Chinese characteristics,Enriched and deepened the development of Marxist political theory and practice。
Comparing the basic conditions of bet365 mobile,can be realized very clearly,Socialist People’s bet365 mobile with Chinese Characteristics,That is, the whole process of bet365 mobile is the real bet365 mobile。
First,True bet365 mobile should be a bet365 mobile in which all citizens can actually participate in political activities。
In the ancient Greek and Roman world,Only a small number of adult male citizens are considered political subjects,The majority of women and slaves have no political rights at all。In early capitalist society,Political rights are prerequisite for having a certain amount of real estate and other income,The vast proletariat has no political rights。It is through a series of socialist movements,Only the broad proletariat has become the political subject。At the same time,Women have gained political liberation and become political subjects,It is also the result of a series of political resistance movements from the 18th to the 20th century。In terms of the meaning of the title,bet365 mobile in modern society is that everyone as a citizen should have equal qualifications to actually participate in political activities,That is, it requires the unity of the subject and object of power。This is not only required by the universal necessity contained in the theory,And it is also the result of the actual political resistance movement。
In modern society,It is no longer possible for us to rely solely on direct bet365 mobile to achieve the actual participation of all citizens。The simple counting bet365 mobile practiced in many modern Western countries,Through various institutional and measure restrictions,In fact, it isolates the participation of all citizens,Reducing it to a tool between professional politicians and big interest groups。In other words,This formal bet365 mobile actually limits the realization of citizenship rights。Socialist People’s bet365 mobile with Chinese Characteristics,Adopt the system of people’s congresses at all levels、Various institutions and measures such as political consultation system and intra-party democratic system,Guarantee、Encourage and fully realize the actual participation of all citizens。In other words,Socialist people’s bet365 mobile truly realizes the unity of human rights and civil rights。Therefore,The whole process of bet365 mobile should not stop at the level of preventing power from infringing upon the negative right,Rather, we should further protect and realize the positive rights of all citizens to actually participate in political activities。
Second,True bet365 mobile should be a bet365 mobile that fully covers political activities。
If, like in many modern Western countries,bet365 mobile is just a referendum involving important national policies、Partial areas of political activities such as party elections (legislative power) and government head elections (executive power) in parliament,Then,There is no doubt that bet365 mobile cannot be fully covered,There are also blind spots。In such a democratic system,Various political activities also lack sufficient legitimacy。In fact,Some modern Western countries still have constitutional monarchy systems,There are also situations where non-elected judges can serve for life under the cover of judicial independence,Phenomena such as private political transactions between various parties and the behind-the-scenes operations of professional bureaucratic groups are even more common。Obviously,These political activities are not fully covered by bet365 mobile。Then,The lack of this system will undoubtedly create loopholes,Causes various special interests in society to be realized in the form of overall interests under the cover of bet365 mobile,And then harm the overall interests。
Socialist people’s bet365 mobile with Chinese characteristics is a bet365 mobile that comprehensively covers political activities。It is designed through various systems,Ensure legislation、Decision、Any political field and political process with implementation and judicial supervision is aimed at pursuing the overall interests of all citizens,Fully justified,It is also a true bet365 mobile that can withstand various scrutiny and historical tests。
Third,True bet365 mobile should be a substantive bet365 mobile that can form public will。
True bet365 mobile is of course not a simple count-based formal bet365 mobile,It should be a substantive bet365 mobile that can form a general will。Just as the collective is not the simple sum of individuals,The general will is not the general will: the former is based on qualitative stipulation,The latter is only based on the stipulation of quantity。Whether it was the citizens’ assembly in ancient Athens that voted to execute Socrates,The tyranny of mass bet365 mobile exposed in the middle and late stages of the French Revolution,It was the National Socialist Party that came to power through elections and caused the Weimar Republic to collapse,The political crisis caused by the Brexit referendum has shown that simple count-based bet365 mobile has serious flaws。This kind of defect will only temporarily affect some citizens during special periods、Special and irrational emotional amplification,It is not conducive to protecting and realizing the important and long-term interests of society as a whole。
Therefore,True bet365 mobile is not determined by simple vote counting,But it contains various complex structural designs and corrective measures,It can be temporary by integrating the interests of various special groups in society and some citizens、Special and irrational emotions are filtered to arrive at the general will。People’s bet365 mobile of socialism with Chinese characteristics is not “vote-only”。While fully respecting the opinions of the masses,Those temporary things that are also beyond the masses、Special and irrational emotions,Thus having global awareness and long-term awareness,Making truly democratic and scientific decisions。
Socialist people’s bet365 mobile with Chinese characteristics is a bet365 mobile throughout the entire process,Also a true bet365 mobile。It can be said,bet365 mobile in the whole process is the real bet365 mobile。What we must pay attention to is,The whole process of bet365 mobile cannot be based on a static、Grasp it from a metaphysical perspective,But we must realize its ability to continuously deepen development and self-improvement。The reason is,bet365 mobile guarantee in the whole process、Encourage and fully realize the actual participation of all citizens。If you apply a computer software term,The whole process of bet365 mobile is “iterative”。In other words,Full-process bet365 mobile has the characteristics of carrying forward the past and opening up the future,The emergence of socialist people's bet365 mobile with Chinese characteristics、The process of development and continuous improvement fully illustrates this point。
China has developed a full-process bet365 mobile by combining the experience and lessons of other countries with its own special circumstances,Not only has its success been fully proven to the world through its own concrete and vivid practice,That is, the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics;And will continue to lead the Chinese people on a new journey to steadily move towards a modern and powerful socialist country,And by establishing a new paradigm for democratic theory that comprehensively transcends the old paradigm,And contribute an important force to the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind。
(This article is a phased result of the 2020 Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project Special Commission Project and the National Social Science Fund Special Commission Project "Practical Research on China's 'Full Process bet365 mobile'" (2020MYB015))
(Author’s unit: Institute of Philosophy, Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences)
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