Democracy of the whole process: new expression of people's democracy
June 10, 2020 08:47 Source: "China Social Sciences" June 10, 2020 Total 1944 Author: Li Zhehan

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General Secretary Xi Jinping In November 2019, when inspecting community governance and service in Gubei Citizen Center, Hongqiao Street, Hongqiao Street, Shanghai Changning District, ",People's democracy is a whole process of democracy,All major legislative decisions are in accordance with the procedure、Democratic brewing,Through scientific decision -making、Democratic decision -making。"General Secretary Xi Jinping's whole process of democracy here is a new expression of democracy with Chinese characteristics from theory to practice。

Wish to know,Although there are many thoughts that emphasize the importance of the people in Chinese history and traditions, such as "people and noble monarchs",But in the modern sense of democracy, it has to go back to the ancient Greek world that is very distant from us in time and space。And the most well -known classic expression,is the democratic system of the liberal parliament of the capitalist society。In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,Democratic concepts enter the modern Chinese context by the translated activity of Japanese scholars。That's why,Democracy in the modern sense is an imported product for us。but,Several generations of Communists insist on Marxist theory,A absorption of the successful experience and failure lesson of the democratic theory bet365 live casino games of various countries according to its own national conditions,The road to the democracy of socialist people with Chinese characteristics is taken out,Rich and deepened the development of Marxist political theory and practice。

Basic conditions of democracy,You can recognize it very clearly,Socialist People's Democracy with Chinese characteristics,Democracy of the whole process is the real democracy。

  First,Real democracy should be democracy that all nationals can actually participate in political activities。

In the ancient Greek Roman World,Only a small number of adult male citizens are regarded as a political subject,The majority of women and slaves have no political rights。In the early capitalist society,Political rights are based on a certain amount of real estate and other income as the prerequisite.,The vast number of proletariats are missed political rights。It is through a series of socialist movements,The vast number of proletariat becomes political subjects。At the same time,The majority of women get political liberation and become political subjects,It is also the result of a series of political fighting movements since the 18th century to the 20th century。As far as the meaning in its question is concerned,Democratic democracy in modern society is qualifications for everyone as nationals should have equal participation in political activities,That is, the unity of the subject and object of the power here。This is not only the general inevitable required in the theory,And the result of the actual political resistance movement。

In modern society,We can no longer rely on direct democracy to realize bet365 best casino games the actual participation of all citizens。The simple counting democracy implemented by many modern Western countries,Limitations in various systems and measures,In fact, the participation of all citizens is actually isolated,Tools between professional politicians and large interest groups。In other words,Democracy in this form actually limits the realization of citizenship。Socialist People's Democracy with Chinese characteristics,Through the People's Congress of the People's Congress at all levels、Political negotiation system and various systems and measures in the party's democratic system,Guarantee、Encourage and fully realize the actual bet365 live casino games participation of all nationals。In other words,Socialist People's Democracy has truly realized the unity of human rights and citizenship。Therefore,Democracy of the whole process should not stay at the level of preventing power from infringement of power,Instead, it should be further guaranteed and realized the positive rights of all nationals to participate in political activities。

  2,Real democracy should be the democracy that covered political activities。

If it is like many modern Western countries,Democracy is just a referendum involving important national policies、Local areas of political activities such as party elections (legislative power) in parliament (legislative power) and government head elections (administrative power),So,Democracy is undoubtedly not fully covered,Also left with dead ends。Under such a democratic system,Various political activities bet365 Play online games lack sufficient legitimacy。In fact,Some modern western countries still remain in the constitutional monarch system,and exist that the non -people -choice judge can serve for life,and the phenomenon of private box operations of private transactions and professional bureaucratic groups between various parties and other partys are even more common。Obviously,These political activities are not covered by democracy。So,The lack of this system will undoubtedly form a loophole,The various special interests in society are realized under the cover of democracy in the form of overall interests,and then infringe the overall interests。

Socialist People's Democracy with Chinese characteristics is a democracy that covers political activities。It design through various systems,Make sure legislative、Decision、Any political areas and political processes that perform and judicial supervision are based on the overall interests of all citizens,With sufficient legitimacy,It is also a real democracy that can withstand various tests and historical tests。

  third,True democracy should be a substantial democracy that can form public will。

Of course, real democracy is not a simple counting formality democracy,Instead, it should be able to form a public -oriented substantial democracy。Just as the collective is not a simple addition of individuals,Public meaning is not the general intention: the former is a qualitative specified,The latter is only the specified quantity -based。No matter whether it is the ancient Athens Citizens' General Assembly, the voting of Socrates,The bet365 Play online games tyranny of mass democracy exposed in the late period of the French Revolution,It is still the National Socialist Party who came to power through the election to make the Weima Republic collapse,The political crisis caused by Brexit referendum, etc., all show that simple counting democracy is serious defects。This kind of defect will only be temporarily temporarily used in a special period、Special and irrational emotional magnification,instead of guaranteeing and realizing the important and long -term interests of the overall society。

Therefore,Real democracy is not determined by a simple voting count,Instead, it contains a variety of complex system design and correction measures,It can use the interests of various special groups in society and the temporary temporary、Special and irrational emotions to filter to get public intentions。Socialist People's Democracy with Chinese characteristics is not "only voting theory"。While we fully respect the opinions of the masses,Also surpass those temporary、Special and irrational emotions,So as to have global consciousness and long -term consciousness,Really made democratic and scientific decisions。

Socialist People's Democracy with Chinese characteristics is the democracy of the whole process,Also the real democracy。It can be said,Democracy of the whole process is the real democracy。We must pay attention to,Democracy of the whole process cannot be used with a static、Grasp from the perspective of metaphysics,It must be recognized that its continuous deepening development and self -improvement ability。The reason for the median is,Democratic protection of the whole process、Encourage and fully realize bet365 best casino games the actual bet365 live casino games participation of all nationals。If you apply the term of a computer software,The democracy of the whole process is "iterative"。In other words,Democracy in the whole process has the characteristics of continuity,and the emergence of the democracy of the socialist people with Chinese characteristics、The process of development and continuous improvement is fully illustrating this point。

China will combine the experience and lessons of various countries in combination with its own special circumstances.,Not only has the world fully proved its success through its own specific and vivid practice,The superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics; and it will continue to lead the Chinese people to steadily move towards the new journey of socialist modernization,and build a new model that comprehensively transcends the old model through the theory of democracy,and contribute an important force for the construction of the community of human destiny。

  (this article is the special entrusted project of Marxist theoretical research and construction project in 2020 and the National Social Science Fund Special Entrusted Project "Research on the Research on the All -Process Democracy" (2020MYB015) phased achievement

(Author Unit: Institute of Philosophy of Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences)

Editor in charge: Wang Ning
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