Cambodian Angkor Monument Building Group is mainly the relics of the capital and temple buildings during the prosperous period of the Khmer Empire in the 199-15 centuries.。Because the Angkor dynasty occupy a pivotal position in the history of Southeast Asian civilization，Angkor monument has also become one of the most famous ancient historical sites in Southeast Asia and even the world。The stone temple building group headed by Angkor Wat is unique，Great scale，wide range，Many temples、Pool and other densely set up in the Angkor area of ​​Siem Reap today。

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Khmer Empire (802-1431)，Live 629 years，After 25 kings。These kings determine the time and decline of the Khmer Empire to a certain extent。Where，The most famous is Sulier Suma II (1113-1150) and Kaya Suma VII (1181-1219)。Su Lye Sumo II built Angkor Temple to dedicate to Vishnu God，The temple becomes the pinnacle of the traditional architecture of the Angkor dynasty。

1177，After occupying the Angkor City of the Angkor City，阇 跋 摩 VII leads the Khmer Army to defeat the Zhanpo Army，Then win in Tonle Sap in Tonle Sap。Starting from 1190，阇 阇 外 外 外，In 1203, the occupation of the mother -in -law became a state of the Khmer Empire。At the same time，His to inner Daxing Temple，Building 120 hospital institutions and 121 stations，These measures greatly drive the circulation of materials，The Khmer Empire becomes extremely active in commercial trade。Many years later，Zhou Daguan, a Chinese Yuan Dynasty who visited this time，Called it "rich and wealth"。

Under the rule of Jeya Suma VII，The territory of the Khmer Empire reached its peak，Yue became the most powerful empire in Southeast Asia。Its territory arrives in the west of the Meitan River Basin，South to the north of the Malay Peninsula，Vientiane from north to Laos，East to central Vietnam。

but but，until，Khmer Empire is unable to build a temple on a large scale。1351，After the Thai people establish the Ayutthaya (Ayutthaya)，Starting to constantly attack the Khmer Empire。Around 1352, it attacked the northwest of the Khmer Empire (near the Honatos)，In 1371, I captured Angkor City，1431 captured Angkor City again。After that，The capital of the Khmer Empire is bet365 live casino games constantly migrating，Until 1867, it was finally determined in Phnom Penh。And the once brilliant Angkor monument building complex was buried in a tropical jungle，Gradually forgotten by the world。

In Angkor's Monument Building Group，There are large and small storage pools，Very eye -catching。As the core of the core of the ancient monument，Survival 6 pool relics，The largest area can reach 7100 square meters，The smallest also has more than 20 square meters。And there are as many as 9 large storage pools built in the entire Khmer Empire period，Where，The largest West Pond (Xibali) has 16 square kilometers，The smallest also reached 0.67 square kilometers。Therefore, French scholars think，The prosperity and prosperity of the Angkor dynasty are because of the management of water source，and can be cultivated rice in an intensive manner。The capital of the Angkor dynasty is also positioned as "Water Conservancy City"，Construction of large -scale storage pools and water network networks in the capital，It is used in the land reclamation of the village，Expand the area of ​​cultivated land。

Some scholars are calculated，The world population around 1000 AD is 500 million，Among them, about 450,000 people，About 400,000 people in Kaifeng City in the Northern Song Dynasty，A Constantinople of the East Roman Empire approximately 300,000 people，About 200,000 people in the Angkor City of the Khmer Empire。During the most prosperous period of the Angkor dynasty，Using rainy season reserves in large pools can irrigate 86,000 hectares of rice fields，​​About 500,000 people who can construct an Angkor Temple (Shi Zeliangzhao、Qu Liang translated "Southeast Asia: Discovery of the Multi -Civilized World"，Beijing Daily Press 2019 edition)。Therefore, it can be said，The prosperity of the Angkor dynasty is inseparable from agricultural production infrastructure。

　　New perspective analysis cause and decline

From the prosperity of Jeya Suma VII to the fall of Angkor City，It only spans more than 200 years，What causes the decline of the empire and the final collapse?

French scholar Saidi thinks，阇 跋 During the reign, to the inner Daxing Civil Engineering、Launch war to the outside world，and the construction of Angkor Temple during the period of Suliya Sumo II，All have severely overdrawn the civil force，The national strength of the Khmer bet365 best casino games Empire weakened、The National Games is no longer，The National Games is no longer。b. P. Gruslier believes，Excessive construction of water conservancy irrigation facilities caused the agricultural economy to collapse，is another reason for the imperial decline。other，Some people have proposed the weakening of kingship、Delievable tax、Local rebellion、Hinduism's stagnation and rigidity and the penetration of Buddhism in the upper part。Japanese scholar Ishi Zezhao, who studied the orderly abolition of the Buddha in the eighth period of the Yaoba 8th period，It is believed that the decline of the Khmer Empire was only beginning to appear in the second half of the 14th century，It is later than French scholars' speculation ("Southeast Asia: Discovery of the World")。

Recent，Scholars represented by Keis Sinomu Rich believes，The ecological disaster caused by the excessive development of the natural environment of the Angkor dynasty，is one of the main reasons for the decline and collapse of the Khmer Empire，Time may be in the middle of the 15th century。He thinks，malaria that is popular in Angkor area，It is mainly due to ecological disasters，Ecological disasters in turn causes the rapid breeding of mosquitoes and flies，Mosquito and Fly itself is the media of this disease。Middle -century cities like Angkor City，The main problem existing is the treatment of water supply and garbage。In the rainy season，If the garbage is not treated properly，Will pollute drinking water，Like cholera、Epidemios of intestinal infection such as dysentery or typhoid fever，It may increase。This will cause a high incidence and mortality in the local population。

Although this statement needs to be further verified，But from the perspective of ancient epidemic diseases analyzes the decline of the Khmer Empire，It is undoubtedly a new field of vision。Zhou Daguan in "True La Wind Ji" "Diseases": "，Biby Road "，Archaeologist Xia Yan thinks，"Disease" is a patient with leprosy (Zhou Daguan、Xia Ying School "Zhenla Turkish Study School Note"，Zhonghua Book Company 1981 edition)，Bobei and also hold this view。

　　Popular diseases trouble people's lives

Leprosy (leprosy) is derived from ancient Greek words lepra，Original meaning refers to "Snake's scales or small thin slices that peel off the human skin"。5th century BC，Greek medical scientist Hippokrade bet365 best casino games uses lepra to accuse some benign skin diseases。3rd century BC，Greek philosopher Tyorflasto use lepra to refer to acne or psoriasis on the face。6th century，The poet of the East Roman Empire Romanos in a praise poem，Describes lepra as a deformity for the patient's body、Body limbs are destroyed、Diseases of skin corruption ulcers。So far，lepra is almost equivalent to leprosy in the sense of medieval sense。until 1873，Norwegian scientist Amo Hanson discovered that Mafeng bacteria (leprosy is also known as "Hansen's disease")，People have been staying in the era of Romanos for the concept of leprosy。

Ma Feng's disease has always troubled humans in history，The history of it is far from the record of this disease in the Bible。Some researchers said，This disease may be the oldest infectious disease of human beings，The root cause can be traced back to the last common bacterial ancestor of millions of years ago -ancient humans and primitive people suffer from leprosy。The origin of the hemp Fengfeng disease is likely to be in Africa，With the migration and flow of human beings in the process of historical changes，It gradually becomes a global disease from a regional infectious disease。Due to the relatively high temperature in the tropical and subtropical regions，Provides suitable survival and reproduction conditions for Jifeng bacteria，and the warm and humid Southeast Asia has become the "hometown of leprosy"。In Chinese historical materials，The earliest word "leprosy" appeared，It is in the "Taiping Shenghui Fang" compiled in the three years of Taiping Xingguo (978) in the Northern Song Dynasty，The book records the method of leprosy treatment。

"True La Wind" "Disease" strip: "，Bi Bidao Road。Although the natives are lying with them, they do not school。or that the Middle Turkey has this disease。You once had this disease with a Chinese master，So people are not suspected。"The historical materials of" there is such a illness in the middle of the middle of the country "and" there is this disease with this disease "can be known，Mafeng disease has been in the Khmer Empire for a long time，People already have a certain understanding of this，And this disease has a certain universality in this area，Up to the princes and nobles to the people of the civilians are prone to illness。On the north side of the Fighting Elephant Platform in the Kingdom of Angkong, bet365 Play online games there is a Leper King Terrace，It was built to commemorate the king of the hemp.。

early 10th century，Yelu Batoba I (889-910) In the commandment of the monk room established by Lolei Temple (Lolei)，Determine prohibiting leprosy patients from entering and exit。According to the inscription unearthed from TA PROHM, it can be known，At that time (1186), there were 102 "hospital institutions" in the entire Khmer Empire。This kind of building has existed since the period of Jeou's Major Mo，When it was in 阇 阇 跋 VII, it became large -scale。Today，The building of the "Hospital" itself has disappeared，Because they may be built with wooden components，Only small temples built with sandstone or red earth rock are left，Pharmacists who are dedicated to the treatment of the disease。There are still four hospitals with a temple site around Angkor City.。

February 2006，Keith Sinomu Richi carried out the first systematic archeological excavation of the Prasat TA MUONG site of the small temple in the western hospital of Angkor City。Confirmation，The shape of the temple、The scale is basically the same as the expected plan，Different types of architectural relics were found around the temple，It needs further confirmation。other，Modern tombs were also found in the temple，Currently analyzing the bones。Records according to the unearthed inscription，At that time, the largest hospital institutions usually had about 200 people at work，The medium size is about 100 people，Small size remains at about 50 people。

Under the conditions at the time，The treatment of these "hospital institutions" mainly depends mainly on large windy oil。"Production" in "Real La Wind": "Dafengzi oil is the son of Da Tree，round like coconut and circle，There are dozens of sons。"" Bayon Temple and Hospital's small temples of small temples，The scene of massage for a royal family with juice with spherical fruits。This treatment method first appeared in India，Later with religion、Commercial and trade introduced to Southeast Asia。Dafengzi oil comes from the mature fruit of Dafengzi，Is a natural potion，But the pharmacological effect is not obvious。

　　Multiple reasons lead to the decline of the empire

"True La Wind" "Bath bath" strip: "Land suffering and heat，Daily bathing several times a day cannot be over，It is unavoidable for one or two times。Early no bathroom barrels and bet365 live casino games the like，But each family must have a pool，Otherwise, there are two or three united pools。or three or four days，or five or six days，Women in the city three -five -five Xianxian to the city to take a bath in the river outside the city。"" Maternal "barcare:" Hold a baby the next day，Bashing to Hanoi。”

April 2012，Australian archaeologist Damian Evans used the air laser radar to scan 900 square miles of forests in Angkor area，Show many ancient cities that belong to the Khmer Empire。The neighborhoods of these cities are basically chessboard -shaped，There is a moat，There are many pools in the city and the rich canal water system，Among them, chessboard -shaped blocks are mainly high platforms (architectural ruins) and pools。So，It confirms the "True La Wind and Emperor Ji".、Two or three united pools "phenomenon。

Berxihe as a note for "Disease" for "True La Wind"，I think bathing has a certain relationship with the disease。Mafeng disease is a chronic infectious disease caused by Jindang，Transmission through intimate contact with the skin or the airway droplets，The source of infection is mainly a patient with unprecedented multi -bacterial anesthesia disease。At the same time，Ma Feng's disease is also genetic、Easy to be infectious and the internal infection of the patient's family is more prominent，Most of them are infected with each other in direct relatives，Internal gathering of family members (Tang Hongmei "Research on the Research on the Study of Mafeng Diseases in the Delicate of the Discisities since the 1980s"，"Journal of Baoshan College" 2018 No. 4)。

The skin and nerves of patients with leprosy invasion，If it is not treated，It may cause disability or even death。The abnormal disability of leprosy caused serious labor loss，Lack of creation of social wealth，At the same time, it also increases the economic burden on the family and society。It can be said，Ma Feng disease is both a medical phenomenon，another kind of social phenomenon，It happened、Development, etc. are all affected by social factors and restrictions。

Zhou Daguan during the Khmer Empire (Zhenla) stay (1296-297)，The village he saw "Due to repeatedly handling troops with Siamese，Sui Zhiji "。Based on Cambodian history, it can be known，，Aya Tandy's dynasty is strong，South of the South Invadation of Malaysian Peninsula，And Wolf tooth repair country (Zhenla bet365 best casino games is a country)，East Expedition Cambodia，Several invasion of Angkor。

Under the background of Southeast Asian society at that time，Human resources are very precious，Adult men are used as a defense country、Build a temple and a pool、Labor for excavating water channels。Frequent warfare caused a large number of population to reduce，At the same time, due to bad living habits (bathing in the same pool with patients with leprosy)、Weaken of government medical functions，As a result, the leprosy disease spread further，The only laborer in the Khmer Empire is also gradually lost，How about the creation of social wealth。Especially since the Aya Tuo dynasty launched the war against the Khmer Empire，The two parties have made several confrontations，After the consuming war of heavy casualties，Angkor's capital collapsed，And the leprosy has become the last straw that crushes the Khmer Empire。

　(Author Unit: Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute)