Where is the source of China’s marine civilization？Critical moment in the formation of Chinese civilization，Is the Central Plains a "cultural depression"?？When did the bronze civilization start in the Yangtze River Basin？How the Western Zhou Dynasty accepted the northwest region as the "king land"？How the Tang Dynasty effectively governed the Western Regions？Who is the owner bet365 sportsbook review hot water cemetery on the Qinghai Plateau？March 26，“Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Archeology Forum·New Archaeological Discoveries in China in 2020” was held in Beijing，Six major new archaeological discoveries announced answer these questions，Also shows how archeology extends the historical axis、Enhance historical credibility、Rich historical connotation、New contributions made by revitalizing historical scenes。

　　Pursuing the starting point bet365 sportsbook review formation of China’s maritime culture

The age bet365 sportsbook review Jingtoushan site in Yuyao, Zhejiang is 8300-7800 years ago，Through the vicissitudes of life，The ruins are buried under 5-10 meters of mud，Archaeologists built a 750-square-meter large steel structure foundation pit in the excavation area，The four walls used to support the excavation area，Guarantee safety。This unprecedented and huge effort has yielded fruitful results，A large number of marine clams unearthed、Oyster、Conch、Clam、Razor clam and fish skeleton，Shows the ancient Yuyao people’s full development and utilization of marine resources，This site has become the earliest coastal shell mound site in China so far and an important place to explore the origin of Chinese maritime culture。The humid burial environment allows a large amount of organic matter to be preserved: Quercus arborescens、Dried fruits such as acorns and walnuts are “fresh”，Paddle、Spears and other wooden tools are like new，basket、篓、basket、The mats and other perishable fabrics are also quite intact。

Looking back to the land，The excavation of this site is important for studying the origin of Hemudu culture and its relationship with Kuahuqiao culture、It is of great academic significance to improve the sequence of prehistoric culture in Zhejiang；Look at the ocean，This site is used to explore the formation of China’s maritime culture、The spread of maritime cultural people and the formation bet365 sportsbook review Austronesian language group throughout the Pacific Islands，Provides important new information that changes previous perceptions。

　　"Heluo Ancient Country" in the hinterland bet365 sportsbook review Central Plains

The large-scale building at the Shuanghuaishu site at the intersection bet365 sportsbook review Yiluo River and the Yellow River in Gongyi, Henan is an important discovery that has been long awaited by the academic community。The site is a large-scale high-level settlement covering an area of ​​1.17 million square meters，Arise in the late Miaodigou type of Yangshao Culture around 5300 years ago，Continued to develop into the late Yangshao period。The protection bet365 sportsbook review triple ring trench made the site one bet365 sportsbook review most complex settlements at that time，But what is more eye-catching is the large building foundation with a courtyard。

In Yangshao Cultural Site，Large buildings are not uncommon，For example, the Lingbao Xipo site in Henan during the Miaodigou period has a large semi-crypt room site covering an area of ​​more than 500 square meters，But the period revolved around large buildings、The courtyard forming a closed space is discovered for the first time。Among them，The area of ​​courtyard No. 1 is 1300 square meters，There is a large building site with an area of ​​308 square meters，Opened the precedent of early palace architecture in China，The palace city and palace buildings at the Erlitou site, considered the capital bet365 sportsbook review late Xia Dynasty, are a continuation of this tradition。The urn and coffin unearthed from the site may have been placed in a specific shape、The tooth-carved silkworm also shows its special status。

Therefore some scholars believe that，The "Heluo Ancient Kingdom" centered on this site had been formed at that time。Around 5,300 years ago, it was a glorious turning point in Chinese prehistory，Hongshan Culture in Liaohe River Basin、Dawenkou Culture in the Lower Yellow River、Large-scale ritual buildings may appear in the Lingjiatan Culture and Songze Culture in the middle and lower reaches bet365 sportsbook review Yangtze River，There may be upper-class tombs with rich grave goods。Discovery of Shuanghuaishu Ruins，Proof that the social development in the heart bet365 sportsbook review Central Plains is not inferior to that bet365 sportsbook review surrounding areas，Also contributed important genes to the formation of Chinese civilization。

　New evidence bet365 sportsbook review Yangtze River bronze raw materials managed by the Shang Dynasty

The preservation area of ​​the Guo Yuanzui copper casting site in Wuhan, Hubei is not large，But it provides new evidence of efforts to control the copper mines bet365 sportsbook review Yangtze River Basin bet365 sportsbook review mid-Shang Dynasty。A large number of remains and relics related to copper casting were unearthed at the site，Includes cast copper furnace base、Copper slag、Tao fan and crucible, etc.，Indicates that blister copper was refined bet365 sportsbook review site、Three types of metallurgical production activities: alloy melting and pottery mold pouring。Copper slag sample analyzed，Highly radioactive lead found，Similar to the ruins of Shang Dynasty cities such as Huanbei Mall in Anyang, Henan，Indicates that the metal resources bet365 sportsbook review two places are consistent，Maybe they are all from the Yangtze River copper ore belt in eastern Hubei。

Archaeologist Mr. Zhang Guangzhi in his classic study of Shang civilization，We attach great importance to the Shang Dynasty’s efforts to obtain various resources on a wide scale，These economic and geographical developments，Also promotes the development of political geography concepts，It laid the foundation for the Zhou people’s political ideals and practices of “Everything bet365 sportsbook review world must be the king’s land”。

　　The northwest feudal state bet365 sportsbook review Western Zhou Dynasty

The Yaoheyuan site in Pengyang County, Ningxia is the city site bet365 sportsbook review Western Zhou Dynasty，Area 860,000 square meters，There are two internal and external trenches。Since 2018，After continuous excavation，Rich harvest。38 tombs excavated in the high-level tomb area，Including 2 "A" shaped tombs。Among them，The largest tomb No. 13，Mouth length 7 meters、6 meters wide、7 meters deep，The tomb passage is 16 meters long、4 meters wide，The disassembled carriage is placed on the second floor platform and the top bet365 sportsbook review coffin board，Various types of bronze vehicles unearthed。Bronze ritual vessels are buried in tombs of all levels、Jade、Original porcelain、Ivoryware and Fayonse Beads、Turquoise and agate beads and other jewelry。Remnants bet365 sportsbook review crucible were unearthed in the copper casting workshop area、Tao Fan、Relics related to copper casting activities such as copper slag and stone tools。The most important thing is，Many engraved bones were found in the tomb fillings and ash pits at the site，More than 150 words in total，The content involves nationality、War with the Rong people。

These findings suggest，Yaoheyuan should be the capital of a vassal state entrusted by the Western Zhou Dynasty in the upper reaches of Jingshui River，That is, the Western Zhou Dynasty also adopted the same enfeoffment of princes in the northwest region as in the eastern region、The strategy bet365 sportsbook review Fanping royal family。The pottery combination at this site has both Pre-Zhou culture、Factors of Yin Shang culture and Siwa culture in northwest China，Reflects the complex political situation in the region during the changes of Shang and Zhou dynasties，Prompts us to understand the formation bet365 sportsbook review Western Zhou Dynasty in a broader context beyond documentary records，Discuss its strategy for implementing the political blueprint of "Is it the king's minister who leads the land"。

　　The Tang Dynasty beacon standing bet365 sportsbook review desert

North bank bet365 sportsbook review Peacock River deep in the Taklimakan Desert，There are 11 Tang Dynasty beacons，Distributed east-west，Stretching 150 kilometers，Is an important part bet365 sportsbook review military defense system of Yanqi Town。Keyak Kuduk beacon in Yuli County, Xinjiang is one of them，Standing on a tamarisk sand dune，Made of adobe with reed grass and Populus euphratica standing timber，The remaining length bet365 sportsbook review bottom is 8 meters、About 7 meters in height。Currently, a total of 1,368 pieces (groups) of various relics have been unearthed，Including documents (paper documents、Wooden slips、Silk book、Engraved words, etc.) 861 items。

These paper documents unearthed from the ruins、The wooden slips are the largest batch of Chinese documents from the Tang Dynasty unearthed by archaeological excavations in Xinjiang in recent years。Preliminary interpretation，Confirmed that the beacon is a "Yuyisuo"-level military agency station，Part bet365 sportsbook review documents are military documents between it and its subordinate beacon shops and higher-level management agencies，Detailed records bet365 sportsbook review names of military facilities at all levels along the Kongque River；Another honorary award、Bill、Private message、Book Album、Literary works and other contents。The unearthed wooden slips are completely preserved、Clear handwriting，Records the "accounting handover" and safe fire system，This is the first discovery in China。

After the first year of Xianheng of Tang Dynasty (670)，Tibet controls the Tuyuhun area of ​​Qinghai，The eastern border of Yanqi is at a military strategic point，Military facilities at all levels along the Kongque River were built under this background。Various documents unearthed from Keyak Kuduk fill the gaps in historical documents，It is detailed evidence bet365 sportsbook review effective governance bet365 sportsbook review Western Regions by the Central Dynasty bet365 sportsbook review Tang Dynasty。

　　The highest-standard mausoleum bet365 sportsbook review Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Shuishui Tombs are located on the north and south banks bet365 sportsbook review Wusu River in Shuishui Township, Dulan County, Qinghai Province at an altitude of 3400-3500 meters。Among them，Xuewei Tomb No. 1 is the largest，The complete cemetery is discovered for the first time。Cemetery building by tomb wall、Sealing the soil、Composed of cloisters and sacrificial buildings，Area of ​​nearly 1,000 square meters。The underground part bet365 sportsbook review tomb consists of tomb passages、Horse Pit、Zhaoqiang、Corridor、Tomb Gate、Tomb 幹、Second floor platform、Sacrifice Pit、Three-story platform、Gravel layer、Fourth floor platform、Composition bet365 sportsbook review five temple tombs。There is a pit for martyred horses in the stepped tomb passage，Six horses sacrificed。

The plane bet365 sportsbook review tomb is nearly square，Sacrificial victims found in the fill。Tibetan wooden slips unearthed from the tomb、Gold and silver belt、Accessories、Silk fabrics、Leather、Lacquerware、Turquoise、Crystal, etc.。Among them，Of particular importance is a square silver seal，The seal consists of camel and ancient Tibetan characters。Scripture Explanation，roughly means "the seal bet365 sportsbook review nephew King Achai"。"Achai" is the Tibetan name for Tuyuhun。Some scholars believe this，The owner of this tomb is the "Mohe Tuhun Khan" recorded in the fragment of "Tuyuhun (Achai) Annals"，His mother married the Tibetan princess Chibang to King Tuyuhun in 689。

The funerary objects unearthed are from the Central Plains、Tubo、Sogdia、Persian and Indian Buddhist factors，Vividly demonstrates the cultural blending and national integration。Some scholars hailed this excavation as the history of China’s nation since the 20th century、China’s Frontier History、One bet365 sportsbook review important discoveries in the history of Chinese frontier archeology。

Same as previous years，China’s “Six Major” new archaeological discoveries in 2020 once again activated vivid historical scenes with rich details。From the origin of Chinese civilization、Formation and early development，To the establishment of a unified multi-ethnic country、The blending of various ethnic groups，bet365 sportsbook review east to the sea、A vast area extending to the desert bet365 sportsbook review west，Archaeology in its own way，Provides new information and knowledge to understand the unique development path of Chinese civilization。

　(Author’s unit: Historical and Cultural Communication Center, bet365 sportsbook review Academy of History)