In recent years，The U.S. military’s combat theory continues to be renovated，A series of new concepts such as "global integrated operations", "multi-domain operations", "distributed operations" and "mosaic warfare" were launched in succession，The bet365 new user promo of combat has gradually become a hot word in military theoretical research。But what is the operational bet365 new user promo，People tend to disagree，Not unified understanding，Even causing deviations in understanding。current，It is necessary to discuss the essential connotation of the US military’s operational bet365 new user promo、Development and evolution、In-depth systematic interpretation of functions and functions。

　Release the combat bet365 new user promo in the form of official documents

The US military believes，A bet365 new user promo is an opinion or statement about a point of view，Describe how something should be done。Judging from the various concepts now disclosed by the US military，The expressions are complete documents。U.S. Joint Staff、Army、Air Force、The Navy and Marine Corps each prepare their own instruction documents，Specifies the responsibilities of functional agencies at all levels in the entire bet365 new user promo development process，Full-cycle guidance for the development of operational concepts、Experiment、Evaluation and Application。Every bet365 new user promo，Not only standard format and content elements，And requires official review and approval。CJCSI 3010 issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 2016.02E "Joint bet365 new user promo Development and Execution Guidance"，The formal joint bet365 new user promo development process includes the development of a development plan、Research and write、Evaluation、Four steps for coordination and approval，Conceptual typical architecture including summary、Introduction、Future security environment、Military Challenge、Central idea and supporting idea、bet365 new user promo required ability、Risk，and glossary, references, etc.，Clarified the authority within the Department of Defense to guide bet365 new user promo development: the top-level bet365 new user promo for joint operations is approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs，All other joint concepts approved by the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs。

What needs to be pointed out is，In terms of a certain bet365 new user promo of the US military，You can extract a keyword，For example, "Global Integrated Operations" is proposed in the "Top-level bet365 new user promo of Joint Operations: Joint Forces in 2020"；You can also have no keywords，Such as "Joint bet365 new user promo of Operations in Information Environment"；You can also name concepts directly with keywords，Such as "Joint Operations Entering bet365 new user promo"。Anyway，bet365 new user promo refers to the systematic content described in the entire text。Visible，The essence of the US military bet365 new user promo，It is to state the organizational philosophy and ideas、Forward-looking documents to guide future force development，It cannot be understood as a term in a narrow sense。

　　From idea to conceptual evolution, closer to combat

The U.S. military began to develop operational concepts in the early 1990s。Initially，The word used by the US military is "vision"。Aestheticians think，“Conception” documents originate from the total quality management movement of the 1980s，Expressing self-identity through "conception"、Information on goals and directions，Can reveal the organization’s fundamental beliefs and intentions。June 1990，The Air Force publishes a white paper "Global Reach"，Global Power》，Although it was not called "conception" at the time，But it actually kicked off the development of operational concepts by the US military。In 1996, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff released the "2010 Joint Vision"，Army、The Navy and Air Force then expressed their ideas。May 2000，Following the updated "2020 Joint Vision" of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff，Each service has released its own 2020 vision。This stage，The U.S. military’s operational bet365 new user promo focuses on demonstrating group culture and vision design。

After entering the 21st century，The classification of U.S. military operational concepts is gradually refined，The combat bet365 new user promo system is gradually enriched and improved。The US military issued a document as early as 1997，Emphasis on developing "concepts" to support "ideas"。The US military announced the "Joint Operations bet365 new user promo" in 2003，Used the word "bet365 new user promo" instead of "vision"。2005 "Top-level bet365 new user promo of Joint Operations" 2.“Capstone bet365 new user promo” appears in version 0，Reflects the obvious changes in bet365 new user promo development of the US military，Shows the trend of stratified development。Afterwards，The US military has successively released and updated a series of bet365 new user promo documents，The word “vision” is basically no longer used。In recent years，The bet365 new user promo system of the US military is becoming increasingly rich and perfect，bet365 new user promo development becomes more active、The new bet365 new user promo is closer to combat，And iterative update is very fast。such as，After the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff issued the "Joint Operations bet365 new user promo" in 2003，2005、The top-level bet365 new user promo of joint operations was launched in 2009 2.0、3.version 0，The "Top-level bet365 new user promo for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020" was released in 2012。

　　New concepts guide the future capability building of the army

Judging from the development of U.S. military combat concepts in recent years，The fundamental reason is that the current methods and capabilities of the US military are unable to cope with future challenges。The US military incorporates bet365 new user promo development into its strategic planning system，Is an integral part of force development，Clearly conceptualize the capabilities required to achieve specified goals or address future challenges。U.S. military’s operational bet365 new user promo，Usually focusing on specific combat objects，Start by analyzing the future complex environment and identifying military challenges，Focus on innovation at the organizational bet365 new user promo and ideological level，Reasonably envision force capability requirements，Propose framework、Directional problem solutions。Therefore，The U.S. military’s operational concepts are capable of designing future operations、The traction force develops two major functions，But it is mainly used to guide the military’s capacity building。What deserves attention，The US military is now aiming to update the top-level bet365 new user promo of joint operations in 2035，Start the transition from capability-based to threat or challenge-based。

Although the US military emphasizes that once the joint bet365 new user promo is approved，It will be used to guide the development of future troops，But the new bet365 new user promo proposed by the combat bet365 new user promo、Principles, methods and other contents cannot be directly entered into combat doctrine。The US military thinks，The operational bet365 new user promo presents valuable but unproven ideas，Not authoritative，Only after combining existing capabilities and military practices and obtaining institutional approval，Only its reasonable elements can be incorporated into combat doctrine。Pass a series of assessments、Experiment、Argument、Drill，Identify capability requirements for future operations，Analyze current capability gaps，Develop capability development initiatives，Formation of relevant policies for capacity development，Subordinate Order、Preparation、Training、Equipment、Leadership and Education、Personnel、Facilities, etc.，Help shape combat capabilities for future combat needs。

　　Build a conceptual system with joint top-level bet365 new user promo leadership

The U.S. military insists on promoting the development of operational concepts in a systematic manner，Use the operational bet365 new user promo as the starting point for implementing the national military strategy。From the published conceptual information，U.S. Joint Staff、Army、Navy、The composition of the respective conceptual systems of the Air Force and Marine Corps is different。CJCSI 3010.02E divides joint concepts into three categories: joint operations top-level concepts、Joint Action bet365 new user promo and Supporting Joint bet365 new user promo。Refer to this classification standard，The bet365 new user promo of the US military is based on the level and scope of focusing on military issues，Can be roughly divided into three levels。

The first is the top-level bet365 new user promo。In addition to the top-level bet365 new user promo of joint operations，Each military service or specific field also has top-level concepts，Used to describe joint forces、New operational concepts and capability requirements for various services and related strategic levels。

The second is the bet365 new user promo of action。Includes a range of joint operational concepts and service (or inter-service) operational concepts，Used to describe joint forces、A new method for a service or multiple services to completely implement a specific combat operation，And the capabilities required to implement operations。

The third is the supporting bet365 new user promo。This type of bet365 new user promo is a deepening and refinement of higher-level operational concepts and operational capability requirements。Some supporting concepts are specifically targeted at a certain high-level combat bet365 new user promo，For example, the "Global Commons Access and Maneuver Joint bet365 new user promo" renamed from "Air-Sea Battle"，It belongs to the "Joint Operations Entry bet365 new user promo"；Some supporting concepts are in specific fields、Support multiple upper-level operational concepts in function or environment，Such as various functional concepts、Guarantee bet365 new user promo, etc.。

Currently，The US military continues to work hard to build a conceptual architecture guided by the top-level bet365 new user promo of joint operations，The purpose is to pass this system，Implement national strategic guidance into joint capabilities for various combat operations、Service capabilities、Unit capabilities。Among them，Top-level bet365 new user promo of joint operations，Describes the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs’ vision of how joint forces can respond to severe challenges to defend the nation，Aiming to build a bridge，Uniting new strategic guidance with other concepts、Service bet365 new user promo、Linking force development guidance and subsequent combat doctrine。To this，It is necessary to take an objective view of the existing achievements of the US military in actively developing operational concepts，We must also dialectically understand its own inherent characteristics reflected in it。For example，The US military also admits: theoretically，The bet365 new user promo of service is derived from the bet365 new user promo of joint，They are a perfect match、Complement each other；And in practice，The most important problem that all military services have to solve is how to coexist harmoniously。

　　(Author’s unit: Institute of War Studies, Academy of bet365 new user promo Sciences)