Group contact to help the construction of multi -ethnic integration
10:05, April 01, 2021 Source: "China Social Sciences", April 1, 2021, Issue 2138 Author: Su Hongting

The Chinese nation is uniformly composed of Chinese nations,Is this composition mechanically put together,Instead, it is based on the same roots of the same roots of various nations、The same text and the same type and constantly contact、Fusion、The history of development。The Chinese nation's diversity theory proposed by Mr. Fei Xiaotong,It has made a pioneering theoretical summary of the historical formation process and real national structure of the Chinese nation,Become a study of national history、National relations、National Format for Mainstream and other issues。

How does the academic community now improve the inter -group understanding、Improve group relationship、Building inter -group friendship for unremitting exploration。Where,Ol Potter proposed in 1954 to put forward inter -contact hypothesis,I think group contact is one of the effective strategies for promoting inter -agglomeration relationships。The formation of this theory is based on this assumption: group prejudice originated from one group lacks enough understanding of another group,Inadequate information or error information on its holding,The contact situation is to get new information,Clarifying the sense of perception provides opportunities。It is based on this theoretical hypothesis,Ol Potter proposed the inter -inter -contact hypothesis: performing inter -group contact under the best conditions will effectively reduce inter -group prejudice。A large number of studies have proved that inter -inter -contact can indeed reduce interpersonal prejudice,Improve the relationship between groups。Objects for these studies for inter -group contact、Types of contact、Conditions of contact and contact bet365 live casino games with the role of hidden bias in in -depth discussions,formed the theory of group contact。The theory of group contact gradually becomes eliminating the interpretation with its scientific methods and rigorous attitudes、One of the dominant theories that promote the harmony of the group。Whether the academic circles can reduce prejudice in group contacts、The attitude of improving the foreign group has reached a consensus,It is believed that active inter -contact interpretation can indeed bring prejudice and improve the attitude of foreign groups。For example,Petigru summarized the related research on group contact in 2006,His meta -analysis covers 515 research and more than 250,000 trials,Results indicate that inter -contact can reduce prejudice。

Mr. Fei Xiaotong believes that the concept of "one -one" is not only "together" in the sense of natural geographical space,It is through constant flow of people、The "one" formed by the circulation of things and the transmission of many cultural characteristics,This is also the "one -one" that combines and penetrates and infiltrates each other at the social and cultural levels at the social and cultural levels.。Inter -group contact is to communicate with each other through different groups,​​Come to overcome inter -group anxiety,So as improving inter -agglomeration and promoting active interaction of groups。Visible,The effectiveness of the theory of group contact theory and reduce national prejudice、Promoting the "integration" of the Chinese nation has consistency internally。

Researchers have also explored inter -group contact to reduce inter -group anxiety、Reduce inter -group prejudice,As a result, the mechanism of improving inter -group relations: gradually shift from the exploration of cognitive orientation to the emotional orientation,and further summarize it to enhance understanding、A mechanism of relieving anxiety and generating bet365 live casino games emphasis。During the inter -group contact process,Do not rely on a single mechanism to produce a role,Instead, it can produce positive effects with the continuous and in -depth combination of contact stage。First,Improve understanding,mainly refers to the acquisition of external group information。can reduce prejudice through three ways: first,With the increase of the external group,Individuals can examine members of the foreign group from a personalized and individual perspective and build a new、Creation conditions for group relationships of non -steress impressions; second,Gradually increased by information obtained by foreign group information,Can reduce uncertainty of contacting the external group,Reduced discomfort in group communication; third,Increase the acquisition of new information on foreign groups,Reduce rejection of external groups。Next,Relieve anxiety,This is very important for the inter -group contact process,Different emotions may lead to different contact effects。Anxiety is a kind of negative emotional response with universal and typical nature during group communication,Can lead to a series of negative reactions,If you strengthen stereotypes、Affecting inter -confidence mutual trust, etc.。After the individual and the members of the foreign group are successfully interacted,Their group anxiety will be significantly reduced,Then improve and promote inter -agglomeration。Last,Remost。Anxiety is a negative emotion in group contact,and empathy is to increase the positive emotions of external groups,Positive emotions are conducive to the effects and functions of group contact。Compassion mainly to eliminate inter -group prejudice through two aspects: on the one hand,Compassion can increase the positive feelings of individuals' external groups; on the other hand,Compassion can affect the behavior of individual Bet365 app download behavior,Then supports supportive operations on the external group。

The theory of group contact theory believes,contact itself is not enough to reduce prejudice and reduce inter -group anxiety。Theoretically speaking,The conditions for group contact instead of the non -group contact itself played a positive or negative effect,Only positive contact can promote the harmony of group relations。Active contact requires four optimal conditions: First, equal status,Indicates that the group remains equal during contact; the second is the common goal,Indicates setting a specific goal,Make the contact between the two parties can be achieved after working together; the third is the inter -group cooperation,indicates that in the process of completing the common goal,Contact between the two parties needs to cooperate with each other instead of competing with each other; the fourth is institutional support,Indicates a series of official laws、Moral specifications、Social traditions guarantee the inter -group contact。So,In the formulation of actual policy,We must create an environmental atmosphere of equal exchanges and exchanges in various nations and use this as a prerequisite for group contact; establishing a common goal for all ethnic groups is an important foundation for inter -group contact;,Strengthening mutual assisted group cooperation is an inevitable requirement for group contact; establishing rules and policies that are conducive to the interaction and interaction of all ethnic groups are effective support for group contacts。

Psychological integration can play a specific guiding role in the "one -one" construction。Generally,Economy exists among groups、Society、Three different levels of interaction of psychology,They have improved in turn。Mutual assistance at the economic level is the material basis for the integration of both parties; exchanges and exchanges at the social Bet365 lotto review level are further requirements for social life,reflect the breadth of the integration of the two sides; psychological integration is spiritual needs,Reflects the depth of the relationship between the two parties,Only psychological integration can indicate that the two sides care for each other,Harmonious coexistence,This requires a new way of thinking for the construction of the "one" from the perspective of psychology。Psychological fusion refers to accepted between individuals or groups、Psychological preparation state willing to coexist in harmony。Under the situation of the group,The level of psychological fusion reflects the advantages and disadvantages of group relationships,High degree of psychological fusion,Individuals are more willing to agree、Accept an external group,Higher evaluation of foreign groups,I am more willing to help each other,I am also willing to get along with it。Group psychological fusion is actually a group attitude,Including relationship cognition、Emotional Direction and Behavioral intention。But prejudice with the attention of the Institute of Inter -Group Attitude、stereotypes、Different discrimination,Group psychological fusion research adopts a positive perspective to view the mutual acceptance between the group、recognition of each other、The relationship between harmonious coexistence。The level of psychological fusion of the group is a sensitive indicator for measuring the harmony of the group。Wang Yijie and others think,The more people like a certain group,The more willing to contact it,That is, people's attitudes can be expressed through the psychological and physical distance between people and things。So,At the operation level,Available cognition、Evaluation、The psychological distance reflected in the interactive behavior and emotional experience is far from recently measured bet365 Play online games the level of group psychological integration。

Cultural mixing and matching is the way to build a "one -one" method。Group contact is an effective strategy to promote the formation of inter -community attitudes。According to the theory of group contact,Group members have group representativeness,So contact with typical external group members will significantly promote an individual to form a positive attitude towards the members of the foreign group,and then generalized to the entire foreign group。This attitude may also exist in the cultural mixed contact,Because cultural symbols also have group representativeness。Culture mix and match is a possible indirect inter -group contact form,It refers to two or more different cultural symbols in the same time.。Under the background of globalization,Cultural innovation and cultural exchanges are becoming more frequent,Even if people do not leave home, they can travel in various cultural mixing phenomena,such as the Hollywood film "Kung Fu Panda" combined with China and the West、McDonald's rice burger, etc.。Research on Inter -Inter -Interest Institute,Only indirect observation of internal/outer group members is enough to reduce the prejudice to the external group by "incorporating others into self"。Because cultural symbols and group members are important carriers of group culture,Cultural mixing and matching may also change people's attitude towards external groups。In a cultural mixing situation,Observer can soberly feel this "you have me,The integration state of me in me "is established between internal/external group culture,The corresponding foreign cultural group may be included in the group culture,and reduce the perception of the boundary of the internal/external group,So as to improve the level of psychological integration。Observation of cultural mixing and matching may even be more likely to promote inter -group attitude changes than observing members' bet365 Play online games contact。Studies by Sparkman and others,Specific practice of contacting foreign culture such as diet、Social Rules、Music, etc. The degree of changes in the inter -group attitude (such as reducing prejudice) is greater than members of the contact group。other,Culture mix and match will improve the cognitive flexibility and complexity of individuals,is the main factor that promotes the formation of active aggressive attitudes。

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