"Gravity Far Madron" was first seen in the pre -Qin classic "Six Tao · Longtao"，It is a ancestor in northern China, especially the ancient ancestors of my country, especially living in the Central Plains，A beautiful vision of sufficient harvesting of crops。Among them, "Gut Valley"，There are records in classics such as "Zhou Li · Tianguan", "Mencius Teng Wengong", "Chu Ci · Da Zha" and other books，Although the types of crops are not completely consistent，But it includes millet、Two kinds of Xiaomi，and rice、Soya、Wheat and marijuana crops species。Where，Except cannabis may be mainly used as oil squeezing or fiber textile raw materials，The other five crops are typical grain crops。Plant relics unearthed unearthed according to the current archeological excavation，until late in the cultural period of Erlitou，"Gangu" has been discovered in the Central Plains region。Scholars think，During this period, the situation of "grain rich" or at least "grain first gathering"。

■ The carbonized particles of the millet and wheat/supplies

　　Bet365 app download

If we make further analysis of the "Grass Valley Feng Deng"，It is not difficult to find the multi -variety agricultural planting system reflected in it。If you look at it around the world，Several main agricultural origin sites，In the early days of its agricultural origin, there are also coexistence of multiple varieties of crops。For example，The "New Moon Wo Land" agricultural origin area of ​​Western Asia contains multiple varieties of barley、Wheat，and pea、Broad beans、Leonue and other bean crops;，Almost at the same time, there are still red beans and pumpkin，It constitutes the famous "Sisters Sisters" bet365 Play online games crop in Central America。Compared with this，Our "Gut Valley" combination is not only a lot late in time，The additional time and reasons of different crops in this combination are not the same。Take the Central Plains as an example，It is necessary to sort out the time and the cause behind the grains and the cause behind it，and changes in the importance of different periods，Considering the meaning of "Gravole Feng Deng" at the archeological level。

In the "Gut Valley" group formed in the northern my country，The local crops that are really domesticated about 10,000 years ago were only millet、黍，and in millet、Thousands of years after being domesticated，It has always been used as a supplement to hunting and collecting crowd food sources。Until the middle of the Yangshao era (about 4000-3300 BC)，Crops and domestic animals gradually replace wild animals and plants，The main body of the source of people's food，The relatively mature agricultural society is only established，The big warmth period in the climate with this period，The population density of the cultural site of the temple under the gap is increased、Close relationships in the settlement。At the same time，The establishment of a mature agricultural production model has also promoted the vigorous development and expansion of the temple land culture。It also started from this period，Ansh replaces more drought to resistance and barren、Lao Zi with a lower yield，Become the most important crop in northern China。In the thousands of years since then，Su is the most important crop resource in the Central Plains and even the entire north，The importance of 黍 is constantly decreasing。

　　rice

rice，Crops domesticated as a crop in the middle and lower reaches of the southern Yangtze River，It is also an important component in the combination of the "Gut Valley"。The Bet365 lotto review emergence of rice in northern China can be traced back to the middle of the Neolithic Age that is 8,000 years ago，Pei Ligang Cultural Site from the Central Plains region，to the Li Cultural Site in the lower reaches of the Yellow River，It is generally found that there are rice relics，Although the quantity is very limited。Rice relics have a small number of situations in the north but generally appearing，Live until the middle and late stages of the Yangshao era。Analysis and display of residue analysis of pottery unearthed in multiple sites，During this period, rice was valued by people as an important brewing raw material，Although we have no way of knowing whether all rice is used for brewing，But the existence of rice seems to be closer to special consumption methods or high -level people。

Starting from the middle and late stages of Yangshao，Some sites in the Central Plains and Guanzhong areas appear more rice.，Although the local ancestors are still mainly drought agricultural production，But rice production agricultural production has obviously already have a certain scale。In these areas，The site of a large number of unearthed rice does not seem to have obvious regional differences in the distribution，Instead, the characteristics of the "fancy" distribution appear，Especially concentrated in small and medium -sized settlements，and in Yangguanzhai、West slope、Two locust trees and other large centers sites，The importance of rice does not seem to be prominent。

We speculate，During this period, a large number of rice appears，On the one hand，It is related to the traditional rice cultivation tradition that existed in the period of the local from Pei Li Gang; on the other hand,，It may be related to the close communication between the Central Plains and the surrounding Dawenkou culture and Qujialing culture in the middle and late stages of the Yangshao era，Even there Bet365 lotto review is a certain degree of people between people，This makes small and medium -sized settlements more likely to be affected by foreign factors in terms of the living model。This kind of influence from the traditional cultivation of rice cultivation from the east and the south，It is more obvious in the Longshan period，From the late Longshan period (including Xinzhai period), the southeast of Songshan to the Luoyang Basin，Sites suitable for rice farming have found more carbonized rice relics，It should be intensified with the climate turbulence during this period、Differenthable fluctuations related。At the Erlitou period，As the site of the capital，The number of rice found in the Erlitou and its importance is even close to the millet，General sites in the surrounding areas，The excavation of rice is very limited。This period seems to see the preferences of the upper crowd for rice，This preference is continued at the Yanshi Mall site in the early and middle periods of the Shang Dynasty，But in Zhengzhou and Yin Ruins in the same period，The importance of rice is greatly reduced，So that in the Central Plains and even the entire north，The status of rice has not recovered。

　　Soya

Soya，Because of its high protein and oil content，Unlike other starch -based grains，Before it is domesticated，People already have long -term collection、Use the experience of wild soybeans。From the current archeological evidence of plant，The middle and late stages of the Yangshao era in the Central Plains area，A certain number of cultivation soybeans are beginning to appear in some sites，Although these soybeans are much smaller than today’s soybeans。The interesting thing is，This period is also the main body of the agricultural farming species in the Central Plains as the main body of the hunting collection activity，and an important time point for the proportion bet365 live casino games of domestic animals in the site exceeds wild animals。The emergence of soybeans may make up for the reduction of wild animal resources to a certain extent，Insufficient protein in ordinary people。At the same time，Due to the nitrogen fixation effect of the bean family crops，The planting of soybeans does not rule out. It also plays a role in restoring the fertility of farmland，But given the relatively low level of agricultural production at that time，We don’t think this is the main cause of domestication soybeans。

To the Longshan period，Soybean has generally appeared in most sites in the Central Plains region，The importance has also been greatly improved，It may reflect the highlight of the contradictions of human and earth，People continue to attach great importance to soybeans that can improve soil fertility。Until about the Eastern Zhou Dynasty，In areas with good agricultural conditions，Soybean began to become an important part of the agricultural rotation system，The importance of its importance has been further improved。

■ The carbonized particles of the millet and wheat/supplies

　　Wheat

Wheat，The only completely foreign crop variety in the "Gravity"，From the perspective of the current archeological materials，Wheats were first discovered in several Longshan period sites in the Shandong Peninsula in Mainland my country，Erlitou has begun to appear in individual sites in the Central Plains region，But the number is very small。The importance of wheat has been improved to a certain extent during the Erligang period，But far below millet and 黍，until two weeks，Especially in some sites in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty，The status will be obviously improved，But it is far from reaching the extent of replacement of millet。

The Central Plains region as a traditional Antrun Agricultural Plowing Area，The acceptance of its mature agricultural system for foreign crop wheat has gone through a long and twisted process，and Bet365 app download the impact of the local agricultural planting system and people's dietary methods in different periods are not the same。Wheat found very little during the Erlitou period，It is difficult to judge whether it is local planting，It may be limited to the use of specific people or special occasions。Erligang period，Wheat may start to join the local agricultural planting system，But the scale is limited。We think，An important reason for the introduction of wheat is that the harvest time of winter wheat is earlier than that of millet、黍 黍，and has a higher output，It can alleviate spring shortage to a certain extent，Especially near the capital of the Shang Dynasty。

The status of wheat supplement as a supplement to the agriculture has continued until two weeks，Until the rotation system represented by "two years and three familiarity" in some dense population、A region with a better agricultural foundation appears，It started as an important part of the agricultural rotation system，It is completely accepted by the local drought agricultural system。It is worth noting that，Before the large -scale promotion of noodles technology，Most of wheat is eaten by people in the way of granular or wheat dandruff，Poor taste，It has not been high for a long time。Wheat transmitted from sporadic，To the acceptance of the Central Plains Agricultural Planting System，The transformation of "grain to powder" is gradually accepted by people's dietary customs，I have gone through a fairly long process。

"Grass Valley Feng Deng" or "Gebu Gathering" is not a turning point at a simple time，Not as soon as it is formed, a combination of unchanged。These crops have their own development context，Changes of the importance are subject to their own nutritional ourselves、Planting method、Processing and consumption method，and the dietary habits of the crowd behind、Archaeological Culture、Small environment、The Bet365 app download impact of many aspects such as the climate。Compared with the discussion of the "Gravity Geng Deng" situation in the morning and evening，Mobility and mechanisms of different crops behind it，It is worth studying more attention at this stage。

(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)