King Wu Fuchai bet365 mobile，Bronze weapons cast by Wu State during the Spring and Autumn Period，Full length 59.1cm，bet365 mobile width 5 cm。Discovered in Huixian, Henan in 1976，Currently collected in the National Museum of China (Note: This cultural relic is now on display in the exhibition hall of the National Museum of China，The exhibit description is "Excavated in Huixian County, Henan Province in 1976"。However, according to Cui Molin's "Bronze bet365 mobile of King Wu Fu Chai Discovered in Huixian County, Henan Province" in the 11th issue of "Cultural Relics" in 1976, which first announced this cultural relic information，This bet365 mobile was "produced in February 1976 with the assistance of comrades from the waste recycling department of the Baiquan Cultural Relics Depository in Huixian County，Discovered when selecting miscellaneous copper"，And learn more about "This bet365 mobile may have been unearthed in the Warring States tomb area near Liuli Pavilion, one mile southeast of Hui County，Stealed by grave robbers before the founding of New China。Both accounts confirm that the bet365 mobile was discovered in 1976，But the specific time of excavation is subject to discussion。To avoid disputes，This article is cautiously stated as "discovered in Hui County in 1976")。Disc-shaped bet365 mobile head，cylindrical stem，There are two protruding hoops，The bet365 mobile is decorated with turquoise animal face pattern。The bet365 mobile is slender，Narrow in front and wide in back，Decorated with diamond-shaped dark pattern，The ridge in the middle suture is ridged，Narrow the area near the forward，Forward Spike，The bet365 mobile is sharp。There is a 2-line, 10-character seal script inscription near the corner: "Attack (Wu) King Fu Chai for his own use"，The font is neat and slim。

bet365 mobile is a short weapon，Referred to as "Zhibing" in ancient documents，Mainly direct thrust，Suitable for melee combat。"Mozi Jie Yong": "If it is a thorn, enter it，Strike will break，Watch the sidelines without giving up，The power of this bet365 mobile。”Strikes aside to chop，The bet365 mobile is a weapon that can both stab and chop，Generally consists of two parts: the bet365 mobile body and the bet365 mobile handle，Each part has its own name。For example, the partially round or flat handle of a bet365 mobile is called a "bet365 mobile stem"，The rounded concave part at the end of the stem is called the "bet365 mobile head"，The rope wrapped around the bet365 mobile stem is called "缞"。The concave or strip-shaped part between the bet365 mobile blade and the stem serves as a hand guard，Called "Jiantan" or "bet365 mobile Grid"。Swords usually come with a scabbard，Wear it with you for emergencies。

Bronze swords have been found in the late Shang Dynasty，Early swords were shorter，Mostly around 30 cm，Can only be used for front stabbing，A dagger with functions similar to those of later generations。Cold weapon era，“One inch short，One inch risk；One inch long，One inch strong”，Any shorter means more danger，So after the late Western Zhou Dynasty，The bet365 mobile has been lengthened。But after the length is increased，The bet365 mobile cannot be made too thick，Otherwise it is too heavy to be used with one hand，If it is too thin, it will break easily。Therefore，The length of bronze swords in the two-week period is usually between 40-60 cm，In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was mostly above 50 cm。Zhi Qin，The length of the bet365 mobile has reached its limit，The length of the bronze swords unearthed from the Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit in Lintong, Shaanxi Province is mostly 81-94.between 8 cm。But if it is too long, it will be difficult to pull out from the scabbard，In critical moments, it can even lead to death。When Jing Ke assassinated King Qin，Qin Wang Yingzheng drew his bet365 mobile to defend himself，The result is that the bet365 mobile is too long，Failed to pull it out three times，Almost lost his life。

Frequent battles during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty，There is a strong practical need for weapon improvement。Wuyue is located in the southeast，Not suitable for car battles due to geographical environment constraints，So we attach great importance to the development of swords suitable for infantry and sailors，The level of bet365 mobile making far exceeds that of other countries in the Central Plains，A general appears、Mo Xie and other bet365 mobile-making masters。"Xunzi: Strengthening the Country": "Xing Fanzheng，Kim Seok-mi，Gong Ye Qiao，fire together，Dissection but Mo Xie has already。""Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce" said that the bet365 mobile of Wu and Yue "will cut off cattle and horses when tested with flesh"，Jin Shi Ze Jie Pan Ni”。The essence of its smelting and tempering，The ingenuity of alloy technology，Tough, sharp and beautiful，Rarely seen in the world，Already famous in the late Spring and Autumn Period，Loved by nobles from all over the Central Plains，Represents the highest level of pre-Qin weapons and even bronze casting technology。

In the Spring and Autumn Period, they were mostly bronze composite swords containing tin or tin-lead，The complexity of its casting is much higher than that of bronze food vessels of the same period、Wine vessel，Mainly reflected in alloy technology。The toughness and sharpness of the bronze bet365 mobile，Absolutely related to the alloy ratio of copper and tin，Too soft and easy to curl，Too brittle and easy to break。So when casting，Using a secondary casting process，Use with lower tin content first、The bet365 mobile spine and stem are cast from copper alloy with better toughness，Some also use iron core，To prevent the bet365 mobile from breaking；The blade is made of bronze alloy with a high tin content to increase its hardness，To increase lethality；The bet365 mobile is made of a ternary alloy containing copper, tin and lead，To cast fine patterns。Different copper-tin ratios for the ridge and blade，Guarantees the toughness of the bet365 mobile spine and the sharpness of both edges，Make the copper bet365 mobile strong and soft，Continuous attacks。

With the development and popularization of iron smelting technology，Steel is much tougher and sharper than bronze，Can make a long bet365 mobile over one meter，The bet365 mobile is narrow and thin，The advantages are more obvious。So after the iron bet365 mobile became popular in the Han Dynasty，Bronze swords are gradually being replaced。As the battle with the northern nomads increases，To adapt to the needs of cavalry slashing on horseback，Thick-ridged single-edged swords gradually replaced double-edged swords on the battlefield。After the Eastern Han Dynasty，Iron bet365 mobile becomes the mainstream of short weapons。

The bronze bet365 mobile was originally a weapon used for war and self-defense，But in Chinese history，But it goes beyond the military field，Enter a broader cultural space。Sailing a bet365 mobile is an important part of ancient etiquette，Popular in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period，The trend of good swords prevails。Contained in "Collected Sayings of Confucius"，Confucius asked Zilu, "What are you doing?"？”Zilu replied, “What a long bet365 mobile”。"Book of Rites Shaoyi": "Observe the clothes of a gentleman、Serving bet365 mobile、Riding a horse、Foggia。”bet365 mobile and jade have become the symbols of a gentleman，As the saying goes, "a gentleman wears a bet365 mobile，To show his virtue”。"Book of Jin·Yu Fu Zhi": "Han System，From the emperor to all officials，Everyone wears a bet365 mobile。” Bronze swords have withdrawn from the ranks of actual combat weapons since the Eastern Han Dynasty，Its non-weapon attributes are more prominent，Clothing and wearing a bet365 mobile has become a kind of ceremonial decoration，Indicates hierarchical status，Symbolizing power status，And then rise to a spiritual symbol，Used to express one’s ambition，Or show martial arts，The lingering charm of its popularity lasted almost throughout the feudal era。Chu people carved boats to ask for swords，Ji Zha presented the bet365 mobile to Xu Jun，Xiang Zhuang bet365 mobile Dance、Intended for Pei Gong，Zu Ti heard the chicken dancing，Li Bai's youth practicing swordsmanship，"Go to the country with the bet365 mobile，Farewell relatives and travel far away”，Li He "Why don't you bring a Wu hook?"，Collect idioms related to swords such as "Guanshan Fifty States"、Allusion、Poetry，It is even more popular。Scholars in the Ming Dynasty often kept swords in their studies，Use both book and bet365 mobile，Personification of the bet365 mobile，Think that you can be "ambitious and courageous"，Shang Fang’s bet365 mobile is the representative of the supreme imperial power。

Bronze swords were cast in large quantities during the Shang and Zhou dynasties，However, those at the king level are rare。A total of 9 swords of King Wu’s Fuchai bet365 mobile have been found，Shape、The inscription is roughly the same，Excavated in different locations。Fu Chai ascended the throne in 495 BC，22 years in office，He was the king of Wu during the most powerful period，Also one of the most legendary historical figures，He and beautiful Xi Shi、The love and hatred of King Gou Jian of Yue，It has been talked about by the world for thousands of years。Fu Chai went north to the Central Plains in 482 BC，The princes gathered in Huangchi (now southwest of Fengqiu, Henan)，Competing with Jin to be the leader，Domination for a while，Committed suicide after being conquered by Yue in 473 BC。This bet365 mobile comes from the Central Plains far away from the Wu Kingdom，Or a reward from the alliance ceremony that year，Or war plunder，No way to verify，But it is a microcosm of the hundreds of years of history full of swords and swords in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods。Later，The State of Yue inherited and improved the advanced technology of the State of Wu，Thus casting more exquisitely、The Peak of Yue King Goujian bet365 mobile。

　　(Author’s unit: Xinxiang Museum of Henan Province)