Current，Chinese and foreign archeology、Historically, mostly that Chinese civilization has formed during the Liangzhu Culture period about 5300 years ago。But，There is still different opinions on whether the temple under the temples has entered the civilization。I think，The history of civilization with more than 5,000 years of Chinese civilization can further trace back to the Digou period of Yangshao Cultural Temple。Archaeological Miandou Culture has entered the initial stage of a civilized society，Can be called Miao Digou Civilization。

Temple Digou Culture refers to the archeological culture of the middle period of Yangshao culture (Yangshao Cultural Temple Digou period)，5900-5400 years away from this。The temple leggou culture is the most widely distributed branch in prehistoric archeology culture in China，Its distribution range to the north of Inner Mongolia，south to south of Shaanxi、Southwest Henan region，Xida Gansu and Qinghai，East to East Henan area，cover the upper and upstream of the entire Yellow River and Jianghan area。and its influence is larger，It has its shadow in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River。

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The continuity of the temple under the gap culture is obvious。The temple undergody culture is the mid -term development stage of Yangshao culture，After a century -old archeology research，Yangshao Culture comes from the development of Pei Ligang Culture · Magnetic Culture · Lao Guantai culture from 9000-7000 years ago，can be divided into a half -slope、Temple under the ditch、The four development stages of the village period of Xiwang and the second phase of Miao Digou，After bet365 live casino games 5000 to 3000 BC，Among them, the mid -term of the temple sort as the middle period of Yangshao culture has inherited the early half -sloper type and Dongzhuang type development of Yangshao culture。After the culture of Miao Digou，Further development into Yangshao Culture Xiwang Village Type。

The settlement form of the temple undercut period，Representative with the site of Yangguanzhai, Xi'an, Shaanxi，Still is a ring settlement，Not only does it continue the characteristics of the half -slope period，and 800,000 square meters of large settlements appeared; there are public facilities in the settlement in the settlement，such as pool, etc.。Settlement cemetery in the northeast of the settlement，Hundreds of tombs of the same period have now been excavated。

Public cemeteries in Temple Digou are also seen at the Site of Sanmenxia Temple Digou site。From the perspective of the Yangguanzhai Cemetery and Miao Digou Cemetery in the temple Digou period，The structure and layout of the cemetery are based on strict blood relationship，According to the family、clan and other blood relatives arranged to arrange tombs，and basically reflect a more equal social relationship。This burial system is inherited the early stage of Yangshao culture -the continuous development of the Banpo type burial system，Development to Xiwang Village period，Differential phenomenon of settlement layout and public cemetery。

　　Type -type features

Yangshao Culture Temple Digou period is also known as Miao Digou Culture or Xiyin Culture，Although the name is different，But the innovation of this culture is recognized by archeologists。The utensils of the temple under the gap culture are a set of novel artifacts，Pottery swarm is a bowl of deep abdomen wall、Pot is the main，There are stoves、kettle、甑、can、瓮、Bowl and small mouth tip bottle, etc.。This group of utensils compared with the pottery group of the Yangshao bet365 Play online games Culture Banpo period，Abandoned the basse of the Banpo period of Yangshao Culture、Circles、garlic shaped pot、Dakou deep -bellied 等 等。

Temple Digou Culture Captain Pottery is extremely characteristic，The most common colorful pottery pattern with petal patterns、Pod patterns、Return Hook Link、Eye patterns、Net pattern、narrow belt pattern, etc.。Where，The most common with a variety of petal patterns。These patterns are based on the original Banpo type color pottery，Create a new pattern -pattern based on petal patterns，Petal pattern colorful pottery is one of the signs of Miao Digou culture。Mr. Su Bingqi once pointed out that "Chrysanthemum" and "Rose" patterns are the most common decorations on the cultural pottery of Miao Digou，It may be the origin of the Chinese (that is, the Huaxia nation)。

Miao Dougou Culture has fully entered the agricultural stage of farming，The number of stone shovels in the temple under the gap culture is far more than the stone ax，The number of pottery knives and stone knives used for harvesting is large increased，The stone plow shape used for farming is greatly changed。These are the explicit evidence that the production technology of Miao Digou culture is greatly improved than the production technology of Banpo culture。

　wide spread

Yangshao Cultural Temple Ditch During the During the During the During the During the During the During the During the During the Duming of the Gulf of the Temple, the cultural distribution scope of the cultural distribution of the gap in the temples of the temple is quite wide，According to the local characteristics and local characteristics of various places in the culture of Miao Digou，We divided the Yangshao Culture of the Temple Diger into the core area and edge area。

The core area is represented by the site of Sanmenxia Temple Digou and Shanxi Xiyin Village site，It is mainly distributed in the south and Longdong region of Western Henan Province。The cultural appearance of the core area is quite consistent，Whether it is a pottery or a colorful pottery Bet365 app download ornament on the appearance of the pottery，It is almost difficult to separate。

Ending of the core area of ​​the edge area，Yancun Types with temple underworld culture、Dragon Bei Type、Longgang Temple type、Division Zhaocun Type、Xinghua Village Type、A total of seven types of Daskong type and white mud kiln。These seven types of cultural appearances are not consistent，Ruyan Village type common Ichuan cylinder，The type of carving dragon monument has the cultural characteristics of North and South cultural exchanges，Division Zhaocun type created the style of the type of Shijiayao culture Shiling，As for Xinghua Village type、The types of Daishong and the white mud kiln can also see the same style。Especially worth noting is，Not only the typical utensils of Miandou Culture in the core area of ​​the temple under the cultural core area -color pottery pots decorated with petals，It is all types of the cultural edge area of ​​Miao Digou，Also often see colorful pottery pots similar to the core area，Shows the unity of the temple under the gutter。Not only the pottery group has a look of acquaintance，In the cultural nature and social development stage，Also show similar unity。It can be said，The core areas of the temple lendor culture and the various types of the edge area，Basically, there is no obvious difference between each other。Regardless of the inner area of ​​the core area of ​​the temple undercut or the various types of the edge area，Color pottery pots with petal patterns all exist，It's like a bright flag on the side，Gao Gao fluttered on the ground of Miao Digou culture。

Miao Dougou culture itself，But the open mind of Zhou Lin's archeological culture is diverse，Hongshan Culture in Northeast China at the same time、Dawenkou Culture in the East、Daxi Culture in the South、In the pottery of Majiayao culture in Ganqing area，You can often see Miao Digou Cultural Pottery Factors。

Bet365 app download where，Petal patterns similar to Miandou Culture in Dawenkou Culture Ceramics、Return Hook Link; in the utensils of Daxi Cultural Pottery Cup，Common petal patterns、Jiaocopic、Rotary hook connecting patterns and other patterns; Majiayao culture can also see patterns such as petal patterns deeply affected by the temple underground culture.，Affected by Hougang No. 1 Culture，It is difficult to clearly see the influence of Miao Dougou Pottery，But the colorful pottery pattern popular in the late Hongshan culture also has the shadow of the temple bottom gap.。

Look at it in turn，In the colorful pottery of Miao Digou culture，You can also see the factors of the contemporary pottery in the above places，In the colorful pottery unearthed at the site of the temple gutter site, you can see the instrument (back pot) and pattern (folding lines) similar to Dawenkou Cultural Pottery。This shows that the temple underworld culture and Zhou Lin's archeological culture，Maintaining the relationship of equal communication，The means to maintain communication，Traces of no force conquest，Show the temple undercut culture to be tolerant of different culture。Visible，Miao Dougou culture is a very inclusive archeological culture。

Heping Color

Temple Digou culture shows peaceful colors，The phenomenon of differentiation that appears in the late stages of Yangshao culture in the settlement and cemetery，Not even the remains of conflict or war。

This is reflected from the public cemetery of the gutter of the temple under the bottom gap and the Yangguanzhai site。Ruyang Guanzhai site has discovered hundreds of tombs in the cultural period of temples.，But the huge difference between tombs can hardly see。Whether it is the size of the tomb or the burial item，Almost the significant difference between it，Not to mention the size of the sizes between the tombs commonly common in the Longshan era。

The interior and between the settlement of the bet365 best casino games temple undercut culture，The difference between the bloody storm can not be seen，Instead, it shows the peaceful color that is equally equal.。Although the West Po site in Miao Digou culture、Beiyangping site has a large area base，But the shape of these large houses is still the shape pattern of large houses that have appeared as early as the period of Banpo culture，It cannot be regarded as evidence of differentiation because of the large area.。

The peace of the temple under the gap culture，It is also reflected on the colorful pottery pattern of the temple field culture。The Yangshao Culture Banpo period that was earlier than the temple under the temple is often highlighted to highlight the theme of fish and bird battle;，The habit of changing the original fish and bird battle，The topic of advocating fish and bird integration。

What needs to be explained is，The Lingbao West Poor Cemetery, which is also in the middle of the Yangshao culture in the middle of 5800-5300 years ago、The Cemetery of Dongshan Village, Zhangjiagang in Songze Culture，Some large tombs have a phenomenon that contains more jade and funerals in some large tombs，This indicates that the tombs between public cemetery have differentiated phenomena，To some extent, it can be considered as the beginning of civilization。But this is the performance of the starting stage of civilization，Cannot deny that the temple leggig culture period is still in the primary stage of a civilized society。

To sum up，The author believes that Miao Digou culture has initially possessed the original civilization characteristics of archeological culture，can be called Miao Digou civilization。Miao Dougou Civilization is the earliest civilization in China that has so far，It has 5800-5300 years since it is now。The late Yangshao Culture after the civilization of the temple bottom gap，Chinese civilization enters the acceleration period。Look at it，At this time, the land of China，The Bet365 app download fire of civilization ignite everywhere。Hongshan Culture in the Liaohe River Basin、Qinwangzhai Culture in the Central Plains area、Dawenkou Culture in the lower Yellow River、Qujialing Culture in the middle of the Yangtze River、Liangzhu Culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River competes for appearance，Chinese history has entered a gorgeous ancient era。

　　(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)