Cultural relics unearthed from underground often play an unexpected and huge role in academic research on history。For the study of the ancient Great Wall，Even more so。The discovery of an important cultural relic，You can even rewrite the history of bet365 mobile of China。The Sui Dynasty was another climax of the construction of bet365 mobile in ancient China。In terms of the construction of bet365 mobile in the Sui Dynasty as recorded in the official historical book "Sui Shu"，Up to eight times，Including the first year of Kaihuang、Two years、Three years、Five years、Six years、Seven years，Three years of great cause、Four years。Past，The academic community unanimously believes that the records in "Sui Shu" are comprehensive。But，Extended to the first decade of the 21st century，A stone carving of labor on bet365 mobile in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty (599) was unexpectedly rediscovered，Breaking the traditional understanding of academia。With the discovery of this Great Wall labor stone carving，Refer to relevant descriptions in Tang Dynasty documents，People gradually brush away the dust of the years，Revealed the historical truth of bet365 mobile in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty that was completely missed in the "Book of Sui"。New reappearance of ancient Great Wall cultural relics，A new pattern emerged in the spatial distribution of bet365 mobile in the Sui Dynasty。

　　Accidental discovery of stone carvings on workers at bet365 mobile in the Sui Dynasty

，Accidentally discovered due to farming activities。Spring 2007，A villager in Damiaogou Village, Lanyi Town, Kelan County, Shanxi Province, is farming on the farmland at the foot of bet365 mobile，Accidentally found a stone with words engraved on it。This stone carving was unearthed in the southeast of Damiaogou Village0.4 kilometers，About 0 to the north of Huigou Yao Village.5 kilometers。The plane of the carved stone is an irregular cuboid，About 41 cm long，About 25 cm wide，About 8 cm thick。

The stone carvings are relatively well preserved，The inscriptions are mostly legible。The inscription is in regular script，A few words are difficult to decipher。Vertical lines engraved between the lines，Existing 6 lines、34 words，About 9 characters lost。Identified by the author，The inscription reads: "July 1, the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign，王□ of Yuanshi County, Luanzhou、Li Xing Zong led Ding Thirty people to build bet365 mobile at 20 steps per foot，From □□ in the west to □□□□□□□□ in the east。”The first to third vertical lines each have 6 characters，There are 7 characters in the fourth vertical line，The fifth to sixth vertical lines each have about 8 words，The seventh vertical line of inscription is all unclear，more than 40 words in total。

Based on the stone inscription，Four major information available。One，The construction of bet365 mobile in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign was a large-scale project。The builders are both local civilians，There are also civilian laborers recruited from the east side of the Taihang Mountains。The non-local construction workers include 30 civilians from Yuanshi County, Luanzhou (now Yuanshi, Hebei Province)。Yuanshi County，Belonging to Luanzhou (today’s east of Luancheng, Hebei) during the reigns of Emperor Kaihuang and Renshou of the Sui Dynasty，In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Zhaozhou (now Zhao County, Hebei)，It continues to be called Yuanshi County to this day。

　Second，bet365 mobile was divided into sections in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign、Constructed separately according to responsibility sections。bet365 mobile built by the people of Yuanshi County, Luanzhou is twenty steps and one foot long，equivalent to 29 in today’s metric system.766 meters。This type of small Great Wall construction team of 30 people，There were many Great Wall construction sites in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty。This stone carving should be a symbol of the construction sections of bet365 mobile construction site in Sui Dynasty，As a basis for checking the project quality of each section。The number is larger，But only one piece has been found so far。

　Third，The excavated land of bet365 mobile service stone carvings marks the actual location of bet365 mobile in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign。Accordingly，bet365 mobile built in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty is located on the east-west line of the land where the stone was carved - on the mountain ridge on the north side of the Lanyi River in today's Kelan County。Follow this link，The distribution pattern of bet365 mobile in the late Kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty can be ascertained。

　Fourth，The rediscovery of the stone carving，Fills the gap in the "Sui Shu" that completely omits bet365 mobile chronicle in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign，Re-presents the historical truth of the large-scale construction of bet365 mobile in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang of the Sui Dynasty。This point is particularly critical。

The period from the 16th to the 20th year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty (596-600) belongs to the late Kaihuang period。This stone carving objectively reveals the historical truth of the construction of a Great Wall across the Xinzhou area and the area east of it in the late Sui Dynasty。This stone carving of workers on bet365 mobile in the Sui Dynasty is an extremely precious and rare Great Wall cultural relic，It can make up for the shortcoming that "Sui Shu" completely omits this labor service。Therefore，It has extremely high physical evidence value。

Research on the spatial configuration of bet365 mobile's service stone carvings in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty、The dating study of the ancient Great Wall ruins plays an irreplaceable role。If stone carvings and ancient documents are unearthed、Field survey data mutually confirm each other，We can draw conclusions that are consistent with historical reality。

　　Strong evidence bet365 mobile relevant literature

About bet365 mobile built in the late Kaihuang period，Although there is no direct record in "Sui Shu"，However, the Tang Dynasty document "Yuanhe County Map" and the "New Tang Book" compiled during the Northern Song Dynasty preserve clear records。Past，Due to the complete omission in "Sui Shu"，People can’t believe the descriptions in these two documents。But，bet365 mobile worker stone carvings unearthed in Damiaogou Village, Kelan County provide reliable physical evidence to the academic community，It proves that these two documents’ description of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty is credible。according to records，bet365 mobile did exist at the end of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty，Distributed in Daolan, Hedong, Tang Dynasty、Xin、generation、The land of Wei Sizhou，And Hebei Daoyi、妫、Yousanzhou area。

"Yuanhe County Map·Hedong Daosan·Lanzhou" "Hehe County" says: "Sui (Dynasty) bet365 mobile，Forty miles north of (Hehe) County，East via Youzhou，Extending more than a thousand miles。The 16th year of the founding of the Emperor，Due to the construction of historical sites。”

This quotation shows four layers of important information。One，bet365 mobile was built in the "16th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign" in the Sui Dynasty。But，Combined with the chronology of bet365 mobile service stone carvings in Damiaogou Village, Kelan County，A typographical error that the "sixteenth" in "Yuanhe County Map" should be "nineteen"。Part 2，bet365 mobile was built in the 16th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty using the "historic remains" of bet365 mobile of the previous generation。It follows the "Ji Shang Fortress" of the Northern Wei Dynasty、Beishan Great Wall in Sizhou of the Eastern Wei Dynasty、Part of the former site of the Northern Qi Inner Line Great Wall，Construct new facilities to form the Sui Great Wall。Part three，The starting point of bet365 mobile in the 16th year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty、The place of meditation is very clear。The western end of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty was "forty miles north of (Hehe) County"，Forty miles north of Hehe County, Lanzhou in the Tang Dynasty。Coincidentally，"Forty miles north of Qi (Hehe) County" happens to be at the junction of today's Xing County and Baode County in Shanxi Province，It is facing east and west with the land carved on bet365 mobile Worker Stone of Sui Dynasty in Damiaogou Village, Kelan County。The place of travel is "East via Youzhou"，That is, along Hengshan Mountain、The Taihang Mountains pass through the western and northern areas of Youzhou，Continue to extend eastward along the Yanshan Mountains。Between Lanzhou (governing the northern part of present-day Lan County, Shanxi Province) and Youzhou (governing the southwest corner of present-day Beijing City)，Passing through Lanzhou in the Tang Dynasty、Xinzhou、Daizhou、Weizhou、Yizhou、Guizhou、Youzhou，A total of seven states。Fourth，The data on the length of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty is clear。The so-called "extending more than a thousand miles"，That is, starting from the north of Hehe County, Lanzhou，Arrived at the northern border of Youzhou and stopped，More than a thousand miles long。

In addition to "Yuanhe County Map" providing information about bet365 mobile that is completely missing from "Sui Shu"，"New Book of Tang" also provides reliable evidence。Download "Guizhou" from "New Tang Book·Geography": "Guichuan County of Guizhou，Up...Huairong，Up... there is Juyong fortress fifty miles southeast，Donglian Lulong、Jieshi，Spanish Taihang (Mountain)、Changshan，The real danger in the world。There is an iron gate。”

This quotation plays a key role in the description of "Juyong Sai"。It means the "Juyongsai" Great Wall stretches to the southwest，With "Taihang、bet365 mobile of "Changshan" is connected to each other，Form a complete Great Wall defense system。Obviously，Jundu Pass in the northwest of Youzhou、Tiemenguan and other places were one of the places where bet365 mobile passed through during the late Kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty。The so-called "Changshan"，Refers to the Hengshan Mountains in present-day Shanxi，Just like the stone carvings of the Sui Great Wall in Damiaogou Village today、The location described in "Yuanhe County Map" is consistent。In other words，This quotation is related to the stone carvings of bet365 mobile workers in Damiaogou Village, Kelan County、"Yuanhe County Map" records bet365 mobile "east of Youzhou" in Hehe County, Lanzhou in the late Sui Dynasty.，It is consistent with the description of "extending more than a thousand miles"，Achieving the excellent effect of mutual confirmation。Also，The "Juyongsai" Great Wall also faces "Lulong" to the east、bet365 mobile defense lines of "Jieshi" are interconnected。

　　The direction of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty

As discussed before，bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty passed through Youzhou，Extending more than a thousand miles”。Combined with bet365 mobile stone carvings unearthed in Damiaogou Village, Kelan County、Comprehensive study and judgment on the records of "Yuanhe County Map" and "New Tang Book"，The truth about the spatial distribution of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty has been revealed，via the Tang Dynasty Hedong Road、The land of seven states in Hebei Province。As far as contemporary provincial administrative regions are concerned，Extension to present-day Shanxi、Hebei、The land of three provinces (cities) in Beijing。

First, the Hedong section of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty.

At the end of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty, bet365 mobile meandered in the Hedong area and stretched to Xinzhou、Daizhou and Yuzhou (Lanzhou in Tang Dynasty、Xinzhou、Daizhou and Yuzhou) and other places，Xuan Guan Lai Shan、Distribution of Hengshan and Taihang Mountains。Starting in the west from the east bank of the Yellow River in the northwest of Xing County, Shanxi Province，East to the north of present-day Laiyuan County, Hebei Province。

First，To solve the problem of the construction date of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty and Kaihuang Dynasty。In previous article，Display of the stone carvings of bet365 mobile workers unearthed in Kelan County，bet365 mobile was built in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the late Sui Dynasty，"Yuanhe County Map" records it as the 16th year of Kaihuang。Which year is correct？The author believes that these two years should be considered comprehensively。The 16th year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign should be the year when bet365 mobile was planned for “construction of historical sites”，The 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign was the year when the “construction of historical sites” was completed。The stone inscription has made it very clear。Accordingly，bet365 mobile completed in the 19th year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty should be called bet365 mobile in the late Kaihuang period。

Secondly，To solve the spatial distribution problem of bet365 mobile。Based on bet365 mobile service stone carvings unearthed in Kelan County and related records in the "Yuanhe County Map"，The starting point of bet365 mobile in the late Kaihuang period - 40 miles north of Hehe County, Lanzhou，Now the northwest corner of Xing County, Luliang City, Shanxi Province。The seat of Hehe County in the Tang Dynasty was located in Bicun on the north side of the mouth of the Yellow River where the Weifen River enters Xing County，Same in Sui Dynasty。Then，The starting point of the Sui Great Wall is 40 Tangli north of Jinbi Village。1 Tangli is equal to 540 meters，40 Tangli equals 43.2 Huali。Calculate accordingly，The starting point of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty was Qianbeihui Village, Wattang Town, Xingxing County、The east bank of the Yellow River where Houbeihui Village and Niujiawa Village are located。

It can be seen from reviewing the literature records，The so-called "because of historical sites" refers to the Northern Wei Dynasty、Eastern Wei、bet365 mobile defense project built by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty。The Northern Wei Dynasty used Guanju Mountain in the seventh to ninth years of Taiping Zhenjun (446-448)、Hengshan and Taihang Mountain terrain，Constructing the "Qi Shang Fortress" project；The Eastern Wei Dynasty relied on the terrain of Hengshan and Taihang Mountains in the first year of Wuding (543)，Reconstruction of the "Ji Shang Fortress" Great Wall、definite、You、Ansizhou Section；Northern Qi Yu Tianbao、During the Tiantong period, he relied on Mount Heng、Taihang Mountain、Yanshan terrain，Constructing "Chongcheng" and other sections of bet365 mobile；The Northern Zhou Dynasty repaired Yanmen from the west in the first year of Xiangxiang (579)、Old Great Wall of Wei and Qi from Jieshi in the east。This is the "historic site" of bet365 mobile before the Sui Dynasty。The Sui Dynasty built bet365 mobile "because of the historical sites"，Can achieve twice the result with half the effort。According to "Sui Shu Geography": in Yanmen County，"Related officials。There is a Great Wall”。In Fanzhi County，"There is bet365 mobile、Hutuo River、Melon water、Tangshan”。In Guo County，"Is there any Jingshan?"、Naoshan。Youtucheng”。In Fenyuan County，"There is bet365 mobile。There is Fenyang Palace。Related officials。Youguan Laishan、Tianchi、Fenshui”。Although the above records do not indicate when bet365 mobile was built，But it’s not said to be the old Great Wall，Judging from its location，Undoubtedly refers to bet365 mobile at the end of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty。

Accordingly，In the late Sui Dynasty, bet365 mobile was extended to Weifen (later named Linquan) in Xinzhou、fenyuan (later named Jingle)，Nao from Daizhou、Yanmen、Fanzhi，Lingqiu in Yuzhou、Feihu and other counties。

The site of bet365 mobile in the late Kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty is from Qianbeihui Village, Wattang Town, Xingxian County、Houbeihui Village and Niujiawa Village are located on the bank of the Yellow River and extend eastward，Go east along the adjacent area between Xing County and Baode County。According to "Baodezhou Chronicles" written by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty: "bet365 mobile is located in Pianqiao Village in the south (border) of (Baode) Prefecture，Arrive at the Yellow River in the west、Connected to Xing County in the south，(length) eighty miles。”According to the facts，The east-west ancient Great Wall ruins in "Pianqiao Village" in the Qing Dynasty are the remains of bet365 mobile in the late Kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty。It runs from the Yellow River to the east and passes through the boundary of today's Baode County and Xing County，Visiting the Tanyata Township Residential Area in the southern part of Baode County、Fengjiata Village、Heitumao Village、Pianqiao Village、Shangjiata Village and other places，Enter the northern part of Jinxing County again，Passing through Gejia Village, Weijiatan Town、Yaozimao Village、Wude Village and other places，Crossing the border between Jinxing County and Kelan County，Stretching into the mountains on the north side of Lanyi River in Kelan County，Continue eastward through hot spring town、Yangping Township、Lanyi Town、North of Songjiagou Township and Wangjiacha Township。In Damiaogou Village、Beidaopo Village to Heyeping in Luliang Mountains and other places，All have the remains of bet365 mobile from the late Sui Dynasty and Kaihuang Dynasty。Continue heading east，Stretching over Luya Mountain in the southern corner of today's Wuzhai County，Across the southern part of Ningwu County、Northern Yuanping City，Follow the Hengshan Mountains and pass through Jindai County、Northern part of Fanzhi County，Extends to the north of Lingqiu County, Datong City，Continue to extend along the Taihang Mountains to Feihukou, Laiyuan County, Hebei Province，Turn to the northeast and continue toward Youzhou (the southwest corner of present-day Beijing) area。

Second, the Hebei section of bet365 mobile during the late Kaihuang period of the Sui Dynasty.

During the reigns of Emperor Kaihuang and Renshou of Sui Dynasty，In the late Sui Dynasty, bet365 mobile was distributed in Yizhou in Hebei Province、The realm of Youzhou。To Tang Dynasty，In the late Sui Dynasty, Guizhou was added along bet365 mobile，Easy to form、妫、You Sanzhou。

Sui Great Wall in Yizhou Section，In the west of Yizhou，"There is Pioniu Mountain、Wuhuiling"，is the place where bet365 mobile passes。Accordingly，Wuhiling (154 Tangli southwest of Yizhou)、The ancient city of Wuhui County (70 Tangli West of Yizhou)、Shiquan Ancient City (72 Tangli Northeast of Yizhou)，They are all places where bet365 mobile traveled during the late Kaihuang period of Sui Dynasty。

Sui Great Wall in the section adjacent to Guizhou and Youzhou，Historical books also clearly record。The "Youzhou" article in "New Tang Book·Geography III": "Youzhou Fanyang County，The Governor's Mansion...Changping (County)，Hope。There is Junduxing fifteen miles north。There is a payment checkpoint thirty-five miles northwest，That is, Juyong Guguan，Also known as Jundu Pass。"Changping County in the Tang Dynasty "has a military capital of Xingfifteen miles to the north"，Now Guangou, Jundu, Changping District, Beijing。There is a payment pass at the top of Junduxing, thirty-five miles northwest of it，Also known as Juyong Guguan、Jundu Pass。This is exactly what the same book "Guizhou" calls "Juyongsai"，One of the important nodes of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty。From "Juyongsai" to the southwest and "Taihang、Changshan is connected by bet365 mobile，Complete bet365 mobile defense system，Exactly the same as the "Yuanhe County Map" of bet365 mobile in the 16th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty "Eastern Youzhou"，It is consistent with the expression "extending more than a thousand miles"，Achieving the excellent effect of mutual confirmation。Obviously，Jundu Pass in the northwest of Youzhou、Tiemenguan and others are the distribution areas of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty。

Accidental discovery of stone carvings from workers at the Sui Great Wall in Kelan County，Revealing the truth about an ancient Great Wall that was missed in "Sui Shu"，Reappear in front of the world。Probing the geographical distribution of bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty and Kaihuang Dynasty，It has important academic significance for promoting the study of dating of the ancient Great Wall of China，Also made important contributions to deepening the research on the historical geography of the ancient Great Wall。At the same time，Also clarified bet365 mobile in the late Sui Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Northern Dynasties、Eastern Wei、The inheritance relationship between the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty Great Wall。This is a new development in academic research on bet365 mobile。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Foundation’s major project “Research on the Historical Geography of the Ancient bet365 mobile of China” (19ZDA188)

(Author’s unit: College of bet365 mobile and Culture, Shaanxi Normal University)