In recent years，Eight Sacrifice Pits at the Sanxingdui site have been discovered，attracted widespread attention from the world，Praise its colorful utensils for relics。The level of civilization of ancient Shu civilization，Some scholars believe that they are still in the "divine rights" era，Others think in the ancient Shu culture low valley period。How high is the level of ancient Shu civilization? the author thinks，Discussion from the perspective of the evolution of early civilization。"Five Stages" refers to the godbon at the end of the primitive society，City State after entering a civilized society、Domineering、Wang Guo、Empire (Liu Junnan: "The Five Stages of the Early Early Civilization of the Midscast of the Yangtze River"，"Journal of Guangxi National University" 2021, No. 6)。I think，Ancient Shu civilization from Baodun culture to Sanxingdui culture，experienced city -state、Domineering、Three stages of the kingdom。Chengdu Plain's site 5000 years ago is still being excavated，From the current archeological discovery，Poon Dun Culture During the area, the area seems to be directly entered the city (or state) era without the stage of Shenbang。

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For the city -state，There have been detailed and professional explanations in the international academic community，Its connotation and extension are also more complicated。The city -state in this article refers to only the ancient city site，Countries in the primary form, including the surrounding rural areas，This is in line with China's archeological reality。Engels said，"The essential characteristics of the country，is a public power separated from the people "。According to Bet365 lotto review this，The author believes that the characteristics of the city state are the regional layout of unified planning in the city;，There is a class of the rich and the poor and the two reflected in the two;、Human Martyrs and other acts of exercising public power; there are large palace -style large -scale buildings; compulsory public power, etc.。

In the past, due to limited archeological data，Some researchers may think that Baodun culture has a city site，The slope of the city is relatively slow，No defense function，No evidence of compulsory public power was found，Still in the "Emperor State" stage。With the continuous emergence of new archeological data for nearly ten years，We found，At least the first phase of Baodun Culture was built in Baodun Culture during the period of Baodun culture、Alpine、Double River、Zizhu、salt shop and other ancient cities，Its city site obviously has the following major characteristics。First，Many defense facilities。At least in salt shop、Double River、Mangcheng、Zizhu found the double city wall and trench，The width of the trench is generally between 10-30 meters。The highest existing place in the ancient city of Baodun is 5 meters high，Add 2-3 meters high -platform foundation，can reach 7-8 meters，and the slope is steep。Phase I of Baodun Culture has all cities、壕，The outside of the ancient city wall of the mountain was broken by the Tang and Song dynasties，The trench is unknown。The city of Baodun Culture forms defense facilities。2，The Grand City of Baodun Culture is generally found to be a building that may be a palace。Ruudun Site Gulunzi Location belongs to F1 -F3 of Phase I of Baodun Culture，presents a first -line distribution，F1 up to 200 square meters，The second house with the affiliated building is in the shape of the font。F2 in the northern part of the figure，Gate F1。F3 south is a palace -style building covering an area of ​​300 square meters，Should be a palace bet365 Play online games -style house for the government。Other cities have large houses with a large house of more than 50 square meters。third，A human offering、Phenomenon of Human Animals。High Mountain Ancient City found people's sacrifice pit、1 each。Another，Special funeral types are also found near large buildings in Baodun City，It is likely that it is also a binding person and livestock ruins。Fourth，Faithfulness of the rich and poor。Gaoshan Ancient City found large tombs，If the city's Baodun Culture Phase 1 is in 89 tombs，A minority tomb room reaches more than 10 square meters; some tombs are buried in a small amount of high -end private items，such as m13 funeral ivory bracelet (钏) one pair，and the general tombs do not see funeral。The existence of large tombs of 10 square meters and luxury ivory bracelets，It shows the emergence of the differentiation of the rich and the poor。Fifth，Shuanghe Ancient City No. 1、Three -hole stone appeared between the gray pit between the second phase，This is the symbol of power。

Alpine Ancient City、Grand Tomb found in the ancient city of Baodun、Human Animals、People Festival、City、Palace -style room address, etc.，It indicates the emergence of mandatory public power (city -state) during this period。

　　Phase II Phase II may appear"Ba (Bo) Country"

The "Bat (Bo) Kingdom" in this article refers to the tyrants (or "or" Lord Kingdom "recognized by various weak countries)。The Master of the Kingdom of the Divine Kingdom belongs to itself，Intervention in its internal affairs and diplomacy。Affiliated Kingdom also has relative independence。It is the transition stage from the city -state to the kingdom。Baodun Culture 1、Phase II relics found multiple large -scale large -scale building bases，Gulunzi 3 group，Tianjiaolin、Jiang Lin、2-3 groups each。The three large -scale buildings of the three large -scale buildings in the center of the city center are distributed on a straight line; Jianglin (Yang Machinery House) 3 has a formal Bet365 lotto review layout of the building;，The same direction。The scale of these buildings base address is large、Pitting rules、The layout is clear、High specifications，The single area of ​​the single is above 200 square meters。Archaeologists speculate that each settlement point in the inner city and even the outer city has a set of large buildings，Most of these large houses are the houses of nobles。

It is also found in the southwestern area of ​​Baodun's city.，More than 20 meters long，about 1 meter high，about 1 meter high，There is about 15 meters wide in its east side、40 meters long activity surface。Taiji was broken by the ash pit of the second phase of Baodun Culture.，The soil of the base contains a small amount of braised soil，The album -based surface can be seen regularly，Also regarded as a etiquette building。

Phase II Phase III，Baodun、Alpine、Double River、Zizhu、salt shop、Mangcheng Digital City coexisted，Five cities behind them are above the tributaries，Baodun Ancient City is located in the center of the downstream plain where the tributary meets。Phase 1 Phase I will change from a figuristic city to the end of the first phase of the first phase、Double city wall，The area expanded from about 600,000 square meters in the first phase to 2.76 million square meters in the second phase of the city，It is 5-9 times in other cities in the ancient Shu area，and have multiple groups of large aristocratic houses。Phase Six City Phase Six Cities all have defensive cities，but no signs of war in each city are not found，There is a coordination mechanism between each city，Baodun Ancient City is likely to be the "boss" in the coordination mechanism。It itself is strong and high specifications，Like the geographical location where it is，The status of the Lord of the Baihe Chaozong，It indicates that Baodun Ancient City State is the Battle (Bo) Kingdom of Baodun Cultural City。

　　The Sanxingdui site during the Paidun Cultural Period is domineering

bet365 Play online games Phase III Phase III，Disappear of many city sites，There are signs that it is caused by the flood disaster。郫 County、The ancient city of Yuyu is the new city state of the western Sichuan Plain after the disaster，Cultural appearance and one、Dang as a palace。The site of the ancient city of Yixian County F5 is a large dry column building，Dang as a palace。other，Ancient City of Yixian also found the gate，This shows that the city is not used for waterproof，but defensive。These phenomena explain Baodun Culture 3、Four phases still exist in city states。

Baodun Culture No. 4，Fish、郫 County、Sanxingdui and other sites all appear high -handle beans、Sanzu and other new utensils，Simultaneous existence with Baodun cultural utensils，or Culture of Yuyu Village。Sanxingdui Rensheng Village、Chengdu Qingbaijiang Samsung Village site all found a big tomb about 3800-3700 years ago，It also found jade and ivory products symbolizing privileges，Differential increase in the differentiation of the rich and the poor。Different -source remote sensing studies found the two -city relic of one and one outside of the Baodun Cultural period，Due to the large -scale sites in the Pao Dun cultural period, there are cities，Sun Hua、Thunderstorm and other scholars made analysis，I believe that there should be the existence of the city at that time。According to the regional estimation of the ruins，The Sanxingdui site of the Sanxingdui site in the Paidun Cultural Period is about 4 square kilometers，Is a large site。So，The late period of the first phase of the Sanxingdui site should be a new hegemony in the Chengdu Plain。

　Wang Guo has appeared during the cultural period of Sanxingdui

What we call the "kingdom"，refers to a large country composed of many units that was originally a city -state。Kingdom or implementation sub -sealing system，or indirect management of other city -states and turning it into a local institution under their own jurisdiction，Local leader becomes the genus of the King Department。bet365 Play online games If the city -state is a country established by the "monarch" personally managing the lower rural organization，Then the "kingdom" is managed by the two levels and levels above the second level.。

Rensheng Village, located in the western part of Sanxingdui site, found the phenomenon of the rich and the poor of Sanxingdui cultural tombs， Only 5 tombs are funerals in 29 tombs，Where，M5、M29 Buried 12 respectively、18 pieces of jade、Stone、Bone and other equipment。Jade and ivory as funerals in the tomb，Highlight the identity of the owner of the tomb，and the jade ax symbolizing military power in the funeral、Jade, which symbolizes religious power，Reflect that the tomb master may be military before his life、Religious leader。Division of the rich and the poor is associated with the city walls，Can judge mandatory violent machine -the existence of the country。

to 2021，8 sacrifice pits in the late period of Sanxingdui culture have been found，Age is about 3200 years away from today，It has unearthed bronze wares、Jade and other worship of the traditional Chinese sun and dragons and phoenixes，A large number of weapons (Ge) unearthed in the country symbolizes the country's compulsory power。Such a large scale and so many utensils，Its prosperity is an unparalleled。

Beginning in Sanxingdui Cultural Ancient City at the end of the first phase of Sanxingdui site，The area has developed from about 4 square kilometers at the end of Baodun Culture to about 12 square kilometers during the period of Sanxingdui culture，is the only city address during the cultural period of Sanxingdui, western Sichuan Plain。From the overall perspective of the western Sichuan plains，The original eight city address was reduced to a large city site，It indicates that the regime is more concentrated。Sanxingdui culture exceeds the scope of Baodun culture，Dongda Gorge River、Western Hubei area，Explain that the Sanxingdui site is a larger cultural community，Sanxingdui City Site President Manage bet365 Play online games this community。Sanxingdui cultural secondary site is relatively rare，and a large spacing，When it is the place where the second -level institution of Sanxingdui civilization is located。The above characteristics are important signs of the "kingdom" in Sanxingdui culture。

According to the above signs，and the urban development context since Baodun culture，We judge the cultural period of Sanxingdui，The kingdom has appeared。The relics of the Sands site are similar to Sanxingdui culture，The same regime or the same regime or the political and cultural center of the two regimes of the Sanxingdui regime。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of History and Social Sciences of Chongqing Normal University)