Methods and dilemmas in bet365 kentucky bonus code research
January 20, 2021 09:28 Source: "Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code Journal" January 20, 2021, Issue 2094 Author: Tan Jun

The social relationships regulated by bet365 kentucky bonus code all occur in specific time and space dimensions。Therefore,Observing bet365 kentucky bonus code from the perspective of time and space is a normal and important thing。As Perelman said,Classical thought favors the metaphor of space,Modern thought favors the metaphor of time。In the opinion of many space researchers,Postmodernity thought will return to the metaphor of space again。To some extent,This highlights the importance of examining current society and its internal structures (including bet365 kentucky bonus code) from a spatial perspective。Of course,This does not mean that traditional jurisprudence completely ignores space。Opposite,The provisions on jurisdiction in bet365 kentucky bonus code fully demonstrate the spatial boundaries of legal effectiveness and the conflicts and debugging caused by space between different laws。However,The spatial effectiveness of bet365 kentucky bonus code only presupposes the inherent universality and homogeneity of bet365 kentucky bonus code,Lack of sufficient in-depth attention to the spatial heterogeneity of bet365 kentucky bonus code。Because of this,The emergence of legal geography。Simply put,Legal geography is an interdisciplinary subject that studies the relationship between bet365 kentucky bonus code and geography (space),It includes different spaces for the generation of laws、Influence on operation and effectiveness,Also includes the shaping and changes of different spaces by bet365 kentucky bonus code。In a narrow sense,Legal geography is an interdisciplinary subject between bet365 kentucky bonus code and geography;In a broad sense,Legal geography includes not only bet365 kentucky bonus code and geography,Also includes anthropology、Sociology、Political Science、The intersection of economics and other disciplines,Of course, this multi-disciplinary intersection revolves around the relationship between bet365 kentucky bonus code and space。

As an interdisciplinary subject,Legal geography introduces spatial factors into legal research,Trying to provide a more comprehensive knowledge of the function and operation of bet365 kentucky bonus code in society。The so-called more complete,refers to the seemingly unrelated and unique area of ​​bet365 kentucky bonus code and the underlying logic it embodies、Purpose and value are integrated。bet365 kentucky bonus code as experience,It must operate in a specific space-time dimension,If the time dimension means the past of bet365 kentucky bonus code、Present and future,Then the spatial dimension emphasizes the coexistence of multiple legal states at the same moment。Through the spatial dimension, we can see the complex situation of bet365 kentucky bonus code in different places。For example, Boaventura de Santos divides modern society into domestic space、Workspace、Market space、Community Space、Citizen Space and World Space,Each space has its corresponding legal form and power form,The laws in specific scenes are reflected in the superposition of laws in different types of spaces、Competition and conflict status。

The rise of legal geography benefits from the hermeneutical turn of bet365 kentucky bonus code and the critical legal movement,Both of them broke the myth that the bet365 kentucky bonus code is closed and autonomous,Believe that bet365 kentucky bonus code is characterized by openness and uncertainty。Because of this,Like other social sciences,Geographers have also begun to "invade" the bet365 kentucky bonus code,To compensate for the knowledge landscape that is isolated from each other by bet365 kentucky bonus code and space。After more than 40 years of development,Researchers have reached consensus on the following aspects: First,bet365 kentucky bonus code、Space and society are superimposed or constitute each other;Second,bet365 kentucky bonus code、Legal relationships and legal results are uncertain,rather than the autonomy and certainty advocated by the legal community;Third,In bet365 kentucky bonus code、Connecting the relationship between space and society,Power occupies the core position。What needs to be explained is,Because legal geography researchers emphasize the power strategies of differences in the spatial distribution of laws and the corresponding inequalities,With strong criticism,Therefore, early legal geography is also called critical legal geography。

Starting from the research object,Legal geography can be divided into two types。First,Emphasis on the impact of the natural environment on the bet365 kentucky bonus code。Of course,The relevant research does not analyze the direct effect of the natural environment on the bet365 kentucky bonus code,It is through the specific political form or institutional structure formed by the original natural environment that affects the operation of the bet365 kentucky bonus code。For example, Yu Zhong analyzes traditional Chinese Qilu from the perspective of geographical region、Qin Jin、Jingchu、Wu Yue、Differences in legal principles between Bashu and Shu。American scholars Daniel Berkowitz and Karen Clay from Temperature、Precipitation、Distance to the ocean、Start from original natural conditions such as distance from rivers or lakes to study their role in political competition,Then analyze how it affects the operation of the judicial system。Second,Emphasis on the impact of humanistic environment on bet365 kentucky bonus code。This explanation path often combines the economy in society、Politics、Culture and other factors are combined with space for analysis。For example,Chen Baifeng pointed out that rural bet365 kentucky bonus code enforcement is due to crowded resource space、High-density interpersonal relationships、The decentralization of power and other factors present a different look from urban bet365 kentucky bonus code enforcement。Another example,Bronly reveals the legal and spatial marginalization and attendant dangers faced by sex workers in Vancouver's East End。However,The distinction between physical space and social space is not strict,There are actually many overlaps,There are only differences in the starting point of the research。

In the intersection of human geography and bet365 kentucky bonus code,According to its research methods, it can be divided into quantitative research and qualitative research。In Quantitative Research,Researchers pointed out different legal services through statistical analysis of data、Legal agency、Differences in regional spatial distribution of criminal behaviors。For example,Shan Yong’s analysis of crime hot spots using geographic information system (GIS),Provides the possibility to comprehensively grasp the spatial distribution laws of crime。However,English、美、Legal geography researchers in Australia and other countries mainly adopt qualitative research methods。They passed archival materials、Media reports、Face-to-face interview、Collect data through participant observation and other methods,Then organize it,And conduct in-depth dissection with the help of legal geography theory,Analysis of the interaction between bet365 kentucky bonus code and space。Here,We can see that there is nothing special about the research methods of legal geography,Because whether it is research on human geography or sociology of bet365 kentucky bonus code,They all adopt social science research methods,There are just differences in problem awareness and theoretical framework。

bet365 kentucky bonus code is still in the process of development,The research community has spread from North America to the United Kingdom、Israel、Australia and some European countries,Topics studied include property rights、Urban Planning、Immigration、Feminism、Racial issues、Environmental issues、Space justice and many other contents,The research paradigm is influenced by legal anthropology、Attention from multiple disciplines including legal history,Corresponding papers and books are also increasing day by day。However,Most of the relevant researchers are geography scholars,Few legal scholars。With the deepening of bet365 kentucky bonus code research,The inherent theoretical dilemma is also highlighted。

First,Legal geography lacks a clear theoretical analysis framework。Although different legal geographers have presupposed the theoretical basis for the mutual formation of bet365 kentucky bonus code and space,But the mechanism of interaction between the two is not completely clear。What mechanism does bet365 kentucky bonus code apply to space,There is no theoretical consensus yet on the mechanism through which space affects bet365 kentucky bonus code,Most of the existing research uses case studies to illustrate the differences in laws in different spaces,Lack of a more sophisticated theoretical framework。Therefore,How to further determine the "structural" factors and "active" factors that play a role between bet365 kentucky bonus code and space,Is an important issue currently facing legal geography。

Second,Legal geography while pointing out the spatial differences in the operation of bet365 kentucky bonus code,Ignoring the homogeneous characteristics of laws operating in different spaces。Legal geography researchers emphasize the openness and uncertainty of bet365 kentucky bonus code,Ignoring the universality and formal characteristics of bet365 kentucky bonus code。Therefore,While observing the diversity of laws in space,Selectively ignores the homogeneity of bet365 kentucky bonus code in space。In other words,How to deal with the universality and particularity of bet365 kentucky bonus code is another issue that legal geography needs to deal with。

Third,Legal geography while criticizing legal reality,Failure to provide constructive solutions。Research on legal geography represented by Bromley and David Delaney,Adopt a critical approach,Attempting to overcome the dualism of bet365 kentucky bonus code and space,Revealing the political purpose behind bet365 kentucky bonus code in space allocation and space production,That is, any neutral description of space-related elements conceals the power factor behind it。These powers reflect the interests of the dominant group,To achieve the purpose of social control。However,How to criticize the bet365 kentucky bonus code at the same time,Providing measures that can be improved is also a challenge that legal geographers need to address。

 Fourth,While analyzing the interaction between space and bet365 kentucky bonus code,Time also needs to be taken into consideration。Most legal geography researchers pay too much attention to the spatial dimension,Ignore the importance of the time dimension。Canadian scholar Mariana Valverde criticized this phenomenon,And try to analyze legal phenomena from the perspective of "space-time body",Provides important theoretical resources for legal research in the dimension of time and space。

Overall,The study of legal geography enables us to realize the inherent relationship between bet365 kentucky bonus code and space,Not subject to things、The bet365 kentucky bonus code of physical and spatial limitations is only an illusion of partial legal theory。The bet365 kentucky bonus code is limited by necessary material conditions,Only with the help of specific time and space can its power be exerted。From this perspective,Legal geography brings the neglected space back into the theoretical field of view。

 (Author’s affiliation: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chinese Institute of bet365 kentucky bonus code and Society)

Editor: Chen Jing
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