Qin and Han Dynasties，Chinese cultural process has undergone significant changes。For the historical evolution from Qin to Han，Zhao Yi bet365 Play online games Qing Dynasty had "Gai Qin"、The Han Dynasty was a major change in the world”。He said，“They have all been feudal princes since ancient times，Every king has his own country”，"The accumulated disadvantages are getting worse"，The "war" bet365 Play online games "Seven Kingdoms" has appeared and "the situation must change"。"The Qin Emperor destroyed the six kingdoms，To create a unified situation"，Later, "The ancestors bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty started a rebellion with a common man，The horn will be determined by the heroes”，"His ministers also have many desperate scoundrels"。“Changes in Heaven，The ultimate is the beginning”。Political changes in Qin and Han Dynasties，Shows "God's will has changed the situation"，Cultural situation and economic level，Important changes have also occurred。

Archaeological Harvests of Qin and Han Dynasties，To illustrate the progress of this historical stage，Provides conclusive proof。The archaeological achievements of Haihunhou Cemetery，is one bet365 Play online games typical examples。

　Social manifestations bet365 Play online games popularization of Confucianism

Emperor Wu bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty "deposed hundreds of schools"，The table chapter "Six Classics" "infers Kong's theory"，Since the suppression of hundreds of schools of thought，The status of Confucianism is gradually rising，Occupying the orthodox position of social ideology。This change，Influenced the basic pattern of ancient Chinese intellectual history。Many cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou，can be used as a very important evidence of this historical process。

In the era when Liu He lived，What kind of social influence has Confucianism had?，The literature does not provide much explanation。“The virtuous literature was promoted during the reign of Emperor Zhao，100 more PhD disciples added，Doubled it at the end of Emperor Xuan”。At that time, the size of Taixue was only a hundred people。Compare this with the "increase of three thousand disciples" at the end of Emperor Cheng's reign，There is a huge disparity in the number of people。We saw Liu He’s record of “reciting three hundred and five poems”，Cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou，More than 5,200 bamboo slips and nearly a hundred wooden slips were passed，Provided very specific、Very certain information。Some scholars have clearly discussed it，Liu Kun、Liu He and his son were professors of great Confucianism in the world，"Be able to integrate the "Six Arts"、Also study the ‘Five Classics’”。Observed from the perspective bet365 Play online games "inheritance of aristocratic official school" at that time，Liu He shows the appearance of a "Confucian scholar"。"The simplified versions of "Yi", "Spring and Autumn" and "Poetry" found in the tomb are attributed to Wang Ji，"Poetry" and "Li" are also seen in the situation of "Wang Shi"，Can correct the stereotype that "all Han Ph.D.s are professors"。"Simple version seen before the Western Han Dynasty、The complicated situation bet365 Play online games circulation of "Six Arts" classics such as "The Book of Songs", "The Analects" and even "Book of Rites" in the middle period，It is far beyond what can be summed up in the summary of "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi"。" (Yang Bo: "Slips Unearthed from the Tomb of Haihunhou and Confucian "Six Arts" Classics"，"Jiangxi Social Sciences" 2021 Issue 3)

A large number of Confucian classics unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou，Can be regarded as a sign bet365 Play online games times in cultural history。These findings can give us a new perspective on the social impact of Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty。The compiler bet365 Play online games slips unearthed from Haihunhou’s tomb also pointed out，A type of text entitled "The King's Drinking Ceremony" can explain the implementation of various etiquette at that time，There are written "ritual" documents that serve as standards (Tian Tian: "A brief summary bet365 Play online games "Etiquette Briefs" unearthed from the tomb of Liu He, Haihun Marquis bet365 Play online games Western Han Dynasty"，"Cultural Relics" Issue 6, 2020)。This undoubtedly opened a new window for understanding an important aspect of social etiquette at that time。A mirror with the image of Confucius as the theme was unearthed，Attracted by academic circles。Some scholars pointed out，"Portraits of Confucius and His Disciples" and related texts，“It shows that the tomb owner Liu He was deeply influenced by Confucius’ thoughts”，Even "implies that the tomb owner had a deep reflection after he was dethroned as emperor，View with the words of Confucius、Restrain yourself" (Wang Renxiang: "A Essay on Confucius' Theme Clothes and Mirrors at the Tomb of Marquis Haihun"，"Chinese Culture Forum" 2020 Issue 5)。

Confucianism has been very popular in Eastern Han Dynasty society。Historical records record that the scale of private schools can reach "disciples" and "records numbering ten thousand people"，"Zhusheng" "recording thousands of people before and after"，"Disciples" and "Recorders Sixteen Thousand People"。Dating back to the late Western Han Dynasty，You can see the record bet365 Play online games student unrest in Chang'an (Wang Zijin: "Wang Xian Raising Banners: A History of Public Opinion")、Investigation bet365 Play online games history of education and the history of scholars’ mentality》，"Reading" 2009 Issue 6)。This can be known through the archaeological harvest in Haihunhou Cemetery，Confucianism for the ideological world、Profound influence in the cultural world，It first manifested itself in the upper class of society, that is, the aristocratic group。

　　The first page bet365 Play online games history of Jiangnan’s economic revitalization

Liu He is screened in the distance as a "wasted person"，Not as good as government”，Placed in Yuzhang County。As Sima Qian said，"Hengshan、Jiujiang、Jiangnan、Yuzhang、Changsha，It’s Southern Chu”，And "Jiangnan is humid"，Husband died young”，According to Sima Qian，The place is vast and the people are welcome，Rice, rice and fish，Or plowing with fire and plowing with water，Fruit clam，It’s enough without waiting for Jia”。When Liu He came to Yuzhang, he had "four thousand households in the city"。its actual economic rights，Significant increase from "Tangmuyi two thousand households" (or "three thousand households")。"Haihun" place name，Renamed "Yisheng" during Wang Mang's reign，It can be seen that the environmental conditions have improved。The occasion bet365 Play online games two Han Dynasties，Due to various reasons，Northern immigrants move south on a large scale。We compare the two household registration numbers in the second year of Yuanshi (2 AD) of Emperor Ping bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty and the fifth year of Yonghe (140) of Emperor Shun bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty，138 years，The number of households in Yuzhang County increased by 502.56%，The number of mouths increased by 374.17%。In the middle school of Jiujun County in Jiangnan，The growth rate is second only to Lingling County。During this period, the national household registration showed a negative growth trend，-20 respectively.7% and -17.5%。At that time，Yuzhang County has received a large number of people migrating southward，The conditions for the ecological environment to be "hospitable" are undoubtedly very important。

Liu He’s “four thousand households in the city”，Should be the most financially powerful nobleman in Jiangnan at that time。Liu He "Joining the Kingdom of Yuzhang"，For the increase of Haihun local labor force and the introduction of production experience，It should have a positive effect。When Liu He returned to Changyi，"Congratulations on all the property bet365 Play online games Wang family"。But a large amount of assets unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou，Not necessarily the "former royal family property" he inherited，It should also include the development and accumulation in the "Haihun" area。

"Rice found in the tomb of Haihunhou"、Millet、Marijuana、Melon、The remains of five edible plants including plum blossoms” (Jiang Hongen、Yang Jun、Qi Xuekai: "Preliminary Study on the Plant Remains Unearthed from the Grain Storehouse bet365 Play online games Tomb of Haihun Hou Liu He in Nanchang"，"Southern Cultural Relics" 2020 Issue 6)。The combination of northern and southern farming techniques can thus be reflected。

Liu He’s remarks were later reported，Received the penalty of "cutting off the household by three thousand"，The number of households has been reduced by 75%。This is a very harsh punishment。However，These "three thousand" households shall immediately become the registered households in the administrative area of ​​Yuzhang County under the direct management bet365 Play online games imperial court，The agricultural economic strength of Yuzhang Haihun will not be damaged by the "household reduction" bet365 Play online games Haihun Kingdom。

Fu Zhufu once pointed out，Since the time bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty，Jiangnan’s economy has indeed developed faster than that in the north，"From now on，The economic center of gravity begins to shift southward，The importance of Jiangnan Economic Zone began to grow rapidly at an ever-increasing pace from this time，On the contrary, the two ancient economic zones of Guanzhong and the North China Plain are increasingly declining and declining。This is a huge and far-reaching change in Chinese history，Although it doesn’t look very obvious on the surface” (Volume 2 of “China’s Feudal Social and Economic History”，People's Publishing House 1982 Edition，Page 25)。Analysis of this "big change"，We should pay attention to the significance bet365 Play online games economic and historical coordinates of "Yuzhang" where the Haihun Kingdom is located。

　　Information on the history bet365 Play online games Silk Road as seen from the cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou

A metal plaque customarily used by the northern grassland people，Commonly used patterns showing animal images。Some scholars pointed out，"Harness with retro animal print"，"Mostly from present-day Mongolia、In the tombs of Hun nobles in Russia”。The silver Danglu unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou may be the earliest "horse harness with looking-back animal patterns" unearthed in the mainland，The “Origin of Image Motif”，Dated to the "North and Northwest Territories"，"It's Scythian style、The continuation of Ordos-style bronze wares in the Han Dynasty" (Chen Zongrui: "An Analysis bet365 Play online games Looking Back-Style Horse Harness with Animal Patterns in the Two Han Dynasties"，"Journal bet365 Play online games Palace Museum" 2021 Issue 2)。The owner bet365 Play online games tomb may be Liu He’s eldest son Liu Chongguo’s Tomb No. 5 in Haihunhou Cemetery，A variety of jade articles were found buried with them during the cleanup。After analysis，"About 240 pieces are processed into pieces，About 70% is Hetian jade” (Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology、Department of History, Xiamen University: "Jade Artifacts Unearthed from the Tomb of Liu He, Haihun Marquis bet365 Play online games Western Han Dynasty, Nanchang, Jiangxi"，"Cultural Relics" 2018 Issue 11)。Agate from the tomb，Possibly from a more distant Silk Road segment。Many of these phenomena，It can enrich our understanding bet365 Play online games history bet365 Play online games Silk Road。

The decorative form of gold objects unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou is called "filigree decoration"，Some scholars believe that it can be regarded as cultural relic evidence bet365 Play online games "interactions" between the Han Dynasty and the "Hellenistic World" (Liu Yan: "Interactions between the Han Empire and the Hellenistic World - Re-discussing the gold objects in the tomb of Haihunhou") Filigree decoration》，"Early China Studies" No. 4，2021）。Some scholars call it the "combination pattern" produced by "filigree craft" and "filigree technique"，And it was judged that the "traditional Chinese fine gold craftsmanship" was used (Yang Yiyi et al.: "Horseshoe Gold Unearthed from the Tomb of Haihunhou、Research on the production technology of golden filigree pattern of Lin toe》，"Collection of Essays on the Protection and Restoration of Cultural Relics in the National Museum of China"，January 3, 2019)。Similar discussions，It is necessary to go deeper。Some scholars also noticed that "Cordyceps unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou"，And demonstrate the "Cordyceps trade in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet and the interior bet365 Play online games Central Plains"，Notice that "Di" and "Qiang" are in "now Hehuang area、Gannan grassland, western Sichuan region and Guanzhong、The role of transportation and trade activities between the Chengdu Plains (Li Jiansheng、Zhou Lianyu: "Looking at the Cordyceps trade in the Han Dynasty from the unearthed cordyceps from the tomb of Haihunhou"，"Journal of Qinghai Normal University" 2020 Issue 5)。This is of course also a theme that should be paid attention to when investigating the history bet365 Play online games Silk Road。

A gilt bronze hook in the shape of a camel was unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou as a component bet365 Play online games chime frame。This is the earliest cultural relic showing the image of a camel that appeared in the Yangtze River Basin。The camel skeleton unearthed from the burial pit in the Pingling Mausoleum of Emperor Xuan bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty attracted attention。The discovery bet365 Play online games earlier tomb of Haihunhou，It is particularly important for the investigation bet365 Play online games history bet365 Play online games Silk Road。There are signs，The main line of northwest silk trade has transportation connections with the Sichuan Plain。The "Guanghan Baqiao Cloth" produced near Chengdu has concentrated consumption records in Hexi。There is a brief text in the Dunhuang Han bamboo slips about "five hundred donkeys and fifty men driving donkeys to Shu" who are engaged in transportation activities，It can be seen from Dunhuang to "Shu"，There is a branch line bet365 Play online games Silk Road。The Yangtze River frontline is concerned about the "Northwest Side"，There are inscriptions on Han mirrors unearthed in Echeng that can reflect this (Zhou Xin: "On the inscriptions on Hanjing mirrors in Echeng "It is suitable for thousands of miles to the northwest"，"Nandu Academic Forum" 2018 Issue 1)。And the river goes eastward to Yuzhang，The cultural relics unearthed from Haihunhou Cemetery also provide proof bet365 Play online games cultural impact bet365 Play online games Northwest Grassland Silk Road。

　　Power and order bet365 Play online games early imperial era

Since the establishment bet365 Play online games imperial system during the Qin Shi Huang era，"The emperor owns the world，Don’t decide whether it’s black or white”，“Don’t be black or white, be sure to have one”，The absolute power bet365 Play online games supreme ruler is confirmed。However, the imperial power was shaken later，There are those who "should not be established" and then "execute the second generation"，"The situation of establishing the second brother, Gongzi Ying, as King of Qin"。The political turmoil at the upper level after the end bet365 Play online games reign of Empress Dowager Lu in the early Han Dynasty also informed people，The form bet365 Play online games imperial system is determined by the selection bet365 Play online games successor to the imperial power，Variables may occur。

Liu He takes control of Chang'an，In fact, it was another prince who took the throne after Emperor Liu Heng of Han Dynasty，Cheng Datong。Huo Guang’s power played a decisive role。According to "Book of Han Huo Guang Biography"，Died of Han Zhaodi，When choosing a successor to the throne，Huo Guang denies what the officials said about Guangling King Liu Xu，Called "Accepting the Empress Dowager's Edict"，Welcome Changyi King Liu He to Chang'an。However, Liu He "has arrived，Accession，Practice fornication”，Huo Guang wastes Liu He。Prime Minister Zhang Chang and others reported to the Empress Dowager that "Your Majesty has not seen the Ming Gao Temple，Cannot inherit the order of heaven”，"Waste"。This plot，And Liu He was finally judged to be "unsuitable to receive the gift of appointment from the ancestral temple"，All are particularly noteworthy。Liu He ascended the throne on the 27th，Accused of 1127 things。11 years after being deposed，Also named the Marquis of Haihun。"The gold cake unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou is inscribed with the words "Haihunhouchen He Yuankang's third year of gold minting a pound" indicates，In the year when he became a marquis，A large amount of gold was also made to be used as an aide”。Liu He’s jade seal unearthed from Haihunhou’s tomb may be interpreted as “鸱牛”, “札牛” or “eagle NIU”，Thought the raptor symbolized，Some scholars interpreted it as related to the words "Nanfan Haihunhou" on the memorial tablet，Expressed "loyalty to the imperial court，The attitude of being a vassal and a nation”。But "Liu He's return to the center of political circles"，Has been "completely" and "blocked" by Emperor Xuan bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty (Lian Chunhai: "Haihun Hou Liu He's seal seal may be "Eagle New Zealand")，"Wenhui Po" November 18, 2016)。Relevant political history signs，You can still explore in depth。

Hong Xingzu bet365 Play online games Song Dynasty discusses the profound meaning of Qu Yuan's "Huaisha"，Analysis bet365 Play online games rapid collapse of political entities，Used the phrase "quick death"。Jia Yi、Sima Qian described the corruption of Qin government，Words "fall apart"。Many political commentators in the Western Han Dynasty still frequently use the terms "earth collapse" and "disintegration earth collapse" to review the short-lived death of Qin。Sima Qian’s views on the political fate of princes in the early Han Dynasty，Also reminds him bet365 Play online games lessons of "death to the country" and "death to the country"。The fate bet365 Play online games Liu He family，Also demonstrates the "speed" and "quickness" of defeat。Liu He was only 33 years old when he died。According to archaeological surveys and excavations，Nephew Liu He’s sons were “not yet ready for marriage”。"The excavation results of Liu Chongguo's Tomb No. 5" indicate that "it was a single burial"，"The age should be around 13-15 years old" at the time of death。"Liu Fengqin, the owner of Tomb No. 6, and the younger owner of Tomb No. 4, should not be married either。""Several burials in Liu He's tomb may be "precious" "examples" of early burial tombs found in archaeological excavations。Researchers also speculate，"As the younger brother, the owner of tomb No. 4"，"I probably walked towards this cemetery under the twilight clouds after the destruction bet365 Play online games Kingdom of Haihun"， "The scene was much colder" (Zhang Zhongli: "A Preliminary Study of Tomb No. 5 in the Cemetery of Haihun Hou Liu He"，"Journal of Jiangxi Normal University" 2019 Issue 4)。However，Roughly at the same time as the Liu He family's "quick death"，We saw the decline bet365 Play online games Huo Guang family, its political nemesis。Huo Guang once "established an emperor and abolished the king，Quality determines the country”。But it was only 4 years after his death，His family suffered harsh political purges，Thousands of families were killed in connection with the Huo family。5 years later，Liu He’s life comes to an end。In other words，Liu He’s declining years，Seeing the defeat bet365 Play online games Huo family。

Archaeological discoveries in Haihunhou Cemetery，To illustrate the cultural history bet365 Play online games middle and late Western Han Dynasty、Economic History and History of Sino-foreign Exchanges，Provides unprecedented empirical data。Historical traces bet365 Play online games upper-class power struggle in the early days bet365 Play online games monarchy，Also depicts colorful pictures。Excavation work in progress。For the new archaeological knowledge that will be obtained in the future，The academic community and all friends who care about the history and culture bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty are full of expectations。

　　(The author is the chief expert bet365 Play online games National Social Science Fund’s major project “Re-Study on the Unification of Qin and Its Historical Significance”、Professor bet365 Play online games School of Chinese Studies, Renmin University of China)