Mr. Zheng Zhenduo's definition of novel illustrations has a profound impact，"Illustration is an art，Use drawing to express the meaning of part of the text that the text has explained "，For the past century，Academic circles in the literature of Chinese classical novel illustrations and historical research，can be described as frequent results、Fire results。But except "Following"，We can also incorporate academics into the current "image era" context "then say"，That is，to update and expand the existing research problem domain。

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Now，We are in and fascinated by the image of images，It is difficult to extricate yourself in the short video of the "Houlang"，Some people have even declared "never read，Just look at the image "，The true portrayal of the "image era"。Some popular videos of the Internet are winning huge traffic，It also caused the audience to question the authenticity of the image。But if the story in the video passes through literary narrative，Does it still encounter the same situation? This requires us to think about the characteristics of the image symbol relative to the language symbol，and the "By Figure History" function of Chinese classical literary images such as novel illustrations。

Symbolist Pierce believes，If the symbols and the objects accused have similarity，So this symbol is the image (IMAGE); if there is a causal relationship between the symbol and its object，So this symbol is the indicator (index)，For example, the flag floating to the north indicates the South Wind、Smoke indicates the fire;，So this symbol is a symbol (symbol)，For example, religious sign or opera Facebook。Compared with the image symbol，The meaning of the meaning of the language symbol is the arbitraryness between voice (capable) and semantics (referred to)，Can refer to whether it is similar to the referred to，Nothing affects the accurate meaning of the symbol，That is to say，Language is a solid symbol，Images are a deficiency symbol。

Since this is the case，Can Chinese classical bet365 best casino games novel illustrations shoulder the heavy responsibility of witnessing history? We found that the illustrations reproduced many famous names that have disappeared，Give full play to the advantage of "seeing history"。For example，"Water Margin" repeatedly writes about this kind of flower flowers this year and four seasons、The Song Dynasty of the Song Dynasty, which covers taxi, industry and commerce，Suo Chao's competition won and was promoted as the Guan Jun's jurisdiction，Wear safflower; Ruan Xiaowu's first appearance even "inserted pomegranate flowers"; Yan Qing as a servant，"Four Seasons Flowers on the Ben of the Dian"; Sun Erniang is sitting at the front window threshold in front of the Cross -Po -Hotel，"Insert some wild flowers on the edge"，Watching the passing Wusong and two escorted men。

The reason why the novel is clear about the specific name of the flower of Ruan Xiaowu's flowers，Mainly to remind readers to pay attention to the time of the story -14th and fifteen times，Especially "Wu Xuexuan said that San Ruan collided"，belongs to Yang Zhisai to send gold and silver burden、Insertation of the outline of the birthday，and the pomegranate flower blooming in May of the lunar calendar "Fear people forgot" Cai Tai Master's birthday on June 15。"Water Margin" illustrations in the Jiangnan region in the late Ming Dynasty，All reproduces the details of Ruan Xiao Wuzhang wearing pomegranate flowers，Especially in Hangzhou Rong and Church, the most authentic and exquisite，Become a reader's identification of the identity of the character、Understand the key information of image narrative。But，The "Water Margin" illustration of the "Water Margin" in the Qing Dynasty，But almost no version noticed Ruan Xiaoxiao Five Flowers，This is closely related to the decline of the flowers of the flowers，The sequel to the "Water Margin" in the same period and other heroes such as "Say Yuequan Biography"，Including other novels that use the Song Dynasty as the background of the story，It is difficult to see the writing around the flower。

As a hot topic of interdisciplinary topics at home and abroad，"The History of Graphic" benefits from art historians such as Hasker、The strong advocacy of historians such as Peter Berke。But considering the image finger and the risks it Bet365 lotto review implied，"History of Graphics" should also be confirmed with "testimony provided by text files"，So as to achieve the logic of methodology。

Explanation value of images 

Western image science is designed to teach "how to look at painting"，But any art reproduction will be limited，The painter just let us see "what he prefers"，This indicates that the image symbol has the possibility of saying "no", "unable to say" or "unable to say"。In short，What plots are selected for illustration、How to understand and accept novels, etc.，It contains the explanatory value of the need to be excavated。

For example, the "Book of Reliefing the World"，We may wish to study the illustration of how to explain "Qi and can harmonize，Gan and ironic "irony。Haizuo Book Bureau Shi Yinben's "The History of Ru Lin Foreign" in the sixth time "Township Gentlemen's Creative Boats and Widow Injection Uncontrollers" illustrations，Pacific boats in the center of the image，An old man on the shore was knelt down to the standing person; the latter wearing Confucian towels、Wearing a decorative gown，Left hand holding letter or stationery，Right finger towards the shutdown of the ship; on land not far from the two，Packing the box and the pavement bedding。The painter chooses a long -distance observation angle，No delicate portrayal of the face expression of the old man and the standing person，and the item held by the latter，We have no way to straighten the narrative clues of the image，Dialogue between the two through the image、Mental and emotion is almost extravagant。In other words，The ability to "independent narrative" in images is very limited，Readers if not based on language text，It is almost impossible to observe the explanation value of illustrations，Just regard it as the decoration and reading of the novel。

If we "look back" and "The History of Confine"，will find that the only person in the sixth round is the passenger boat driving long，He was afraid of the latter's extortion and litigation because he ate Yan Gongsheng's cloud sliced ​​cake because he ate Yan Gongsheng's cloud cake，It was forced to be forced by everyone to sting at the latter。From Guanzhi，The person who stands in the illustration is to tell the cloud sliced ​​cake as Yan Gongsheng for the famous precious Bet365 app download medicinal materials，He threatened to go to the government to report the "theft" behavior of the driving long。Kneeling of the passenger boat driving is not a gift，but with strong humiliated atonement and begging for mercy，But this humiliation disappears without a trace as everyone is present。Research on the explanation of the above image indicates，Illustration only chooses to hold a post、Two actions of the hoe，No complete and exact plot chain is not formed，The story that failed to describe Yan Gongshengzheng's account，The irony of this character is also weakened。

Of course，Illustrations have the extraction and strengthening of novels，There are other nature interpretations such as misunderstandings，Even surpassing source texts to form "independent moral tendency and narrative logic"。Another as the Ming Dynasty Yuxiang Douzong This "New Magazine Jingben Rangers Complete Like the Three Kingdoms Comment Forest" Volume Five "Guanyun Changwu Guan Chu"，There is an illustration of the list entitled "Patriarch Spring and Autumn Hu Ban"。Fiction This volume of Guan Yu escorted two brothers to find Liu Bei，Walking to Puyang，Taishou Wang Zhizhui's fake just hospitable，In fact, I want to murder。Wang Zhijian Hu Ban "Cerebrate 1,000 troops tonight to surround the post hall，One person a fire handle，Burn the outer door first，Don't ask who is，Don't ask who is，Burning and killing，Tonight 2 more things "。Hu Ban is curious about Guan Yu’s heroes，Go to the Yidi Museum to find out，Knowing that "the book on the main hall" is Guan Yu。So，Hu Ban saw Guan Yu "Left -handed Book of Better Better，Reading a book under the lamp "，Nai Da said: "True Tianren also!" The above novel description，Only two places mentioned Guan Yu reading，But I did not tell what the book read。But，illustrations and their lists clearly tell readers，The book read by Guan Yu is "Spring and Autumn" of the "Five Classics"，Obviously received Pei Songzhi's "Three Kingdoms" "Yu Hao" Zuo's Biography "，The influence of the ridiculous chanting is all on the mouth，Explain that the illustrator defaults to Confucian Confucian classics。

This requires us to patiently compare the relationship between literature and images，Because the image bet365 Play online games interpretation is different from Li Zhuowu、Novel reviews of literati such as Jin Shengtan -the interpretation of the latter is obvious in the line，The former is hidden behind the lines of the pen and ink。Master knows，The inertia and excitement of the research of Chinese classical novels is "literature research" and "image interpretation"，If we can systematically organize and study image interpretation，Construction of Chinese Literature and theoretical discourse，No loss is a useful supplement。

Image and telling Chinese story 

"Telling Chinese Stories" is to show cultural self -confidence、An important way to spread Chinese voice。In fact，Excellent Chinese story has always nourished world literature，2008 Nobel Prize winner of Literature Lele Clazio when visiting the tomb of Schnea，Called "such a great writer，It is worth accepting three worship "。Uniqueness，Pearl S. Buck (Pearl S. Buck) with the "Trilogy" of "Earth" by writing Chinese themes，won the Nobel Prize in 1938，and this novel is also deeply influenced by "Water Margin"。Because，Sai Pearl is in the process of creating "Earth"，Almost synchronized the translation of "Water Margin"，The former absorbed the latter's large number of narrative elements，For example, "Rebellion" and "Zha'an"，108 "Bugs" and other numbers，and Zishi Street、Shuanglongshan and other places。But the more interesting thing is，Sai Pearl translation "Water Margin" also invited Mexican artist Miguel Covarrubias to draw illustrations，Overseas image dissemination of Chinese classical novels。

Sai Pearl translation "Water Margin" consciously configures illustrations during the publishing process: the first version directly copied Yang Ding in the late Ming Dynasty to see the "Full Book of Loyalty Water Margin" and "Three Talent" illustrations; "Qingming Shanghe Tu" is the background，Showing to Western readers shows that the prototype of this novel occurs in the Song Dynasty; when the second revision and publication in 1948，Only Keweopus draws a new illustration。

It is worth noting that，Cods of "Water Margin" drawn by Keworpus，Obviously presenting the performance of image narrative。First，Keworpus Duo dressed up with Chinese opera Facebook bet365 live casino games and performance costumes。For example, the figures of Zhu Xi and Guan Sheng，They are all red face，lying lying silkworm eyebrow、Danfeng Eye、Dwarf Nose West，As far as the face shape of the two is concerned，The only difference may only be the length and denseness of the beard。Look at the costumes of Zhu Xi and Guan Sheng again，The former wears a handsome helmet，Insert double、Six -sided flag，Wearing an official clothes and armor dependence，Stepper thick bottom boots; latter except wearing a helmet，Hanging fox tail on both sides of the ears，Wearing a general's often with shoulders and legs，Stepnesus Cloud Head shoes。We know，Traditional Chinese opera generally hangs fox tails on both sides of the helmet head to dress up the Gentile general，It can be seen that Keworpius is not familiar with "Ning Pengbao，Dressing practice of not wearing wrong "。Next，Keworpis draws the action of the illustration character as the status of Chinese opera performances。The list entitled "Luli Jurisdiction's Fisting Town Kansai" plot map，Lu Zhishen did not wear martial arts clothing，Don’t wear the mouth，But fist with both hands、Foot Town Kansai breasts，"Light" moment stopped when the opera performance was performed。Yang Zhi、Huarong and other characters，Although the sword and the bow are shown in different postures，But each person's feet are "Ding Zi Step"，It is also the action of opera walking。Keworpius refers to the characters of the novel with reference and mixed opera performances、Story、Scenes and other factors，An attempt to create a performance、Highlight the character playing and emotional conflict of the character，It provides a convenient door for Western readers to understand "Water Margin"。

Keworpis visited China twice，I met Zhang Guangyu and others when I visited China for the second visit，The two are the same because of their life and artistic creation experience.。When Keworpis shows curiosity about Peking Opera，Zhang Guangyu accompanied him to contact and experience Chinese opera，The performance of the illustration of the "Water Margin" seems to find the clue of the scientific science that can be traced back。Actually，Many western translations Chinese classical novel illustrations，Generally Bet365 app download reflects "ancient and modern intercourse、Chinese and Western Miscellaneous Features，But none of them are drawn in a lot of reference to the performance of Chinese opera like Keworpis。That's why，illustrations of illustrations and Chinese classical novels，It needs to be further studied for us。

That seems to，Novel illustrations seem not to be simply regarded as dispensable decorations。What I described before，Humanities and academics need to adhere to reality care，Especially today in the "Image Age"，The tension between language -based and image symbols，Different representative characteristics of the two，We can find new materials and new problems in the process of viewing the classical novel illustrations，to further inherit the excellent traditional Chinese culture。

(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Foundation Project "Water Margin" image narrative research、Associate Professor of Literature of Jiangsu Second Normal University)