Construction of overseas parks in the host country is an international economic and trade cooperation method with Chinese characteristics。Since the 1990s，Chinese companies in the process of "going global"，Exploring the construction experience of domestic parks to the host country，Cooperate with the local government and enterprises to build various development zones、Industrial Park and Science and Technology Park，Since then, the Ministry of Commerce collectively referred to as "Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone" (hereinafter referred to as "Overseas Park")。As an emerging sub -regional cooperation mode，Overseas parks are welcomed by the host country with their flexibility and tolerance。On the one hand，Overseas parks through the creation of Chinese companies' "going out" overseas gathering platform，Promote domestic enterprises "holding groups and go to sea"，At the same time, it also contributed Chinese experience and Chinese wisdom for the economic development of the host country。As the UN trade and development conference pointed out in the "2019 World Investment Report"，Cooperate with overseas partners to establish an industrial park，New way to become international economic cooperation、New Trend。In the new crown pneumonia's epidemic and anti -globalization wave interweave、Facing the background of the global governance system facing a huge challenge，Using the overseas park as the bond to further promote the construction of the “Belt and Road”，Can promote the deep integration of economic depth of China and countries along the route、mutual benefit and win -win，It also provides a Chinese plan for international investment order in adversity。

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Since the 1990s, it has been exploring the construction to this day，The development of overseas parks in my country has gone through three stages: the starting bet365 Play online games exploration stage、State guidance promotion stage and high -quality development stage。

Starting exploration stage (1995-2005)。The 1990s，In the process of investing overseas in my country，Some companies began to explore the construction of overseas parks。For example，1995 China Electric Import and Export Co., Ltd. built a processing export area in the construction of a bell in Vietnam，It is an early attempt for the construction of overseas parks in my country。Because my country's foreign direct investment was not large at that time，Enterprise construction Overseas parks are mainly to solve the land facing their own development、Infrastructure Questions，Radiation driving effect is not great。

State Guidance Phase (2006-2012)。2006，The Ministry of Commerce officially introduced policy measures，Encourage enterprises to build a park overseas，and uniformly named it "Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone"。November 2006，Pakistan's "Haier -Luba Economic Zone" became the first overseas economic and trade cooperation zone identified by the Ministry of Commerce，Later, there are nearly 20 national overseas economic and trade cooperation zones listed in operation。Guided and promoted by the country，The upsurge of the emergence of overseas parks in my country，2006，The number of economic and trade cooperation parks along the “Belt and Road” in my country has increased from 6 to more than 50，7 years increased by nearly 8 times。

High -quality development stage (2013 to present)。In 2013, the “Belt and Road” initiative was proposed，Overseas Parks in my country ushered in new opportunities for development，Number of parks、average scale、Radiation influence and other aspects have achieved significant results，Become the "Belt and Road" open melting、Liangli business card for win -win cooperation。From 2013-2018，The average annual growth rate of overseas parks in my country is as high as 45.6%。While the quantity increases，The scale and quality of the park also increased significantly，A batch of brand -oriented operations appeared、Overseas parks with strong radiation driving capabilities。For example，Taizhong Luo Yong bet365 best casino games Industrial Park has attracted nearly a hundred companies to settle in，The output value is as high as $ 9 billion，Employees reach more than 30,000 people，Become an important pillar of local economic development in Thailand。

　　Adhere to the concept of "discussion and co -construction and sharing"

The practice of the construction of overseas parks is mainly produced in China、Singapore and other countries，Its essence is a flexible way of regional economic cooperation。Traditional international economic cooperation mechanism is to achieve facilitation of trade investment through bilateral investment agreements (BIT) or multilateral free trade agreement (FTA)，Provide institutional guarantee for cross -border flow for products and production factors。But in recent years，Adverse globalization and protectionism prevail，bilateral、The multilateral trade investment system is successfully frustrated。Some developed countries led by the United States are based on zero -sum game thinking，On bilateral、Take a tough position in multilateral negotiations，Set up high standards、High threshold，Forced the majority of developing countries to passively accept the "liberalization" rules that meet the interests of developed countries，Otherwise, it will be excluded。"Belt and Road" countries are still in the early stages of industrialization、mid -term，Under the circumstances where the development demands of developing countries are ignored，The difficulty of reaching FTA and Bit is very difficult。As of now，United States、EU and countries along the “Belt and Road” reached the FTA and BIT protocol only Singapore、Israel and Central and Eastern European developed countries，The coverage rate is less than 10%。The lack of investment and trade agreements makes the construction of the “Belt and Road” lack of high -quality system protection，Multinational investment is suppressed，further exacerbated global economic imbalance and governance imbalance。

Overseas park construction based on the concept of "co -business, co -construction, sharing"，It provides a Chinese plan for getting out of this dilemma。Overseas bet365 Play online games parks are special、Flexible and pragmatic sub -regional economic cooperation method，More tolerance。In form，Overseas parks are different from FTA and Bit，Instead, I have learned from the development experience of industrial parks such as the "Special Economic Zone" and "Development Zone" in China，Create a government in the host country、Economic Development Community jointly participated in the enterprise，Provide infrastructure for the company in the company、Policy support、Safety guarantee and other packages support measures。More than 80%of direct investment in China is located in developing countries (regions)，In the short term, it does not have conditions to reach the FTA or BIT clause。Overseas Park This platform through intergovernmental coordination and provides "parks", a public product，Provide convenience conditions and institutional guarantees for the capital output of the mother country，Protect Chinese investors' investment security and interests in relatively backward developing countries，It is the economic development of the host country again、Employment created a lot of opportunities。This can be seen，The construction of overseas parks has played the positive role of the government in international governance，To a certain extent to make up for the problem of international governance failure，A convenient channel for the production capacity cooperation of the capital output country and the host country。

　　Show high -quality development features

2019 The United Nations Planning Development Department and the Ministry of Commerce jointly released the "China" Belt and Road "Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone Assist Sustainable Development Report"，The “Belt and Road” overseas parks promoted by China not only promoted the economic growth of the host country，It also helps the host country to realize the economy、Environment and Social Sustainable Development。This is the first time the United Nations has released the experience of China's construction of overseas parks to the world.，It shows that the construction of overseas parks in my country has a world significance。Under bet365 best casino games the promotion of the "Belt and Road" construction，The concept of the development of overseas parks in my country is more advanced、The foundation is more solid、The platform is wider，The features of high -quality development。

First, upgrade of the concept of construction。my country is in promoting the construction of the “Belt and Road” overseas park，Implement the global governance concept of "common business, co -construction and sharing"，Pay more attention to cooperation and win -win，From past extensive parks to sustainable development parks。Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Park built early in my country，Mainly to obtain local resources or use labor force to carry out industrial production。The degree of fit of the overseas park and the local economic development、The degree of integration is not high，It is easy to cause disconnection between the park and the local society。Under the guidance of the "Belt and Road" cooperation concept，my country has introduced documents such as the "Measures for Overseas Investment Administration Overseas Investment" and "Guidelines for Overseas Management Compliance Management"，Further guidance、Standardize the construction of overseas parks，Promoting overseas parks pay more attention to environmental protection、Social Responsibility，Realize healthy sustainable development。Especially through scientific and technological cooperation，Promoting technical transfer and results conversion，More in line with the demands of the country，At the same time, promote the industrial chain to extend overseas。

Second, the industrial level upgrade。"Belt and Road" overseas park industrial fields are constantly diversified、Development of high -end direction。Overseas Parks in my country gradually develop from agricultural development、Processing and manufacturing and other traditional industrial fields to trade logistics、Innovative R & D evolution such as modern service industry and high -tech direction。Overall，"Upgrade" trend appears in our overseas park，Overseas Science Park and Innovation Area with the theme of science and technology cooperation、The construction of overseas R & D centers gradually bet365 Play online games increases。2012-2018，my country's "Belt and Road" overseas park，Science and Technology Park、R & D park from scratch，rapid development。China to International Technology Cooperation Industrial Park、Sino -Russian Silk Road High -tech Industrial Park、China -ASEAN Beidou Science and Technology City, etc. are all useful attempts to jointly build scientific and technological overseas parks in my country and countries along the “Belt and Road”。

Third is the operation mode upgrade。"Belt and Road" pays more attention to multi -party linkage，From the spontaneous construction of the enterprise to the "government guidance、Corporate Decision、Market -oriented Operation "Transformation。The development of our overseas park starts from the spontaneous construction of the enterprise，Gradually rising to national guidance and promotion，Three construction and operation models with Chinese characteristics have been formed。The first mode is the government -led "park out to sea" mode。Lead by governments at all levels in my country，Promote the domestic development zone、Science and Technology Park, etc. until overseas construction of cross -border linkage park platforms，Starting point high、Promote fast，Experience that helps to copy the construction of domestic parks、Realize the interactive development of domestic parks and overseas parks。The second mode is the "Industrial Chain Ocean" mode led by the leading enterprise。Leading Enterprises Construction of Overseas Parks in countries along the “Belt and Road”，While realizing its own capacity transfer，Drive the industrial chain "going out"。This model has a solid industrial operation foundation，Strong anti -risk ability。The third model is the "nesting and attracting phoenix" model led by professional park operators。Some domestic professional industrial park operators have also gone abroad，Carry out the construction and operation of overseas parks abroad。Ru Tsinghua Qidi Holdings Construction in the UK to Enlighten Cambridge Science and Technology Park，Through professional operation，Integrate resources of China and Britain，Incubation Cultivate a large number of first -type biotechnology bet365 live casino games companies。Directed by the park operator，It can give full play to the professional advantage of the park operator，The mechanism is flexible、Diverse channels，Can quickly adapt to the host country environment。

　(This article is the "Research on the Construction of the Belt and Road 'Overseas Science and Technology Park" (19CSJZX10Z)

(Author Unit: School of International Economics and Trade, Ningbo School of Finance and Economics)