October 13, 1970，China and Canada formally established diplomatic relations。50 years in the development of Sino -Canadian relations，Although independent demands and US factors have long -term Canada policies in Canada，But pragmatic and vision is always the main theme of the development of Sino -Canadian relations。This article is based on the view of the "History of Incident" based on Brlo Eya，Divided the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Canada into four main time periods，Back trace and look forward to China -Canada relations。

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Sino -Canadian relations were originally from civil affairs。Western ginseng trade in the early 18th century and the first batch of organizational missionaries in Canada in the second half of the 19th century to study in China，Nearly a thousand missionaries are in northern Henan、Huaxi、South China opened a medical gallery、School and publishing institutions，It is the best missionaries among the missionary coming to China in China。After the founding of New China，Under the active promotion of the missionary offspring，Canada has tried to "contact" China for several times in the 1950s and 1960s，Especially in 1955、1958 and 1963，Canada has made a bill that recognizes socialist China and improves the trade relations of China，But the two "Taiwan Straits Crisis" and Eisenhower、bet365 Play online games The strong opposition of the government of Kennedy and the Johnson government is stranded。During the Cold War，Although China and Canada are in a hostile camp，But in China's "three -year difficulties"，Canada aid a lot of wheat to China，Help China crossed the difficult period。Zhou Enlai once said to the visiting Old Trudeau: "China is very grateful to Canada for their generosity，When other countries do not sell food for us，You sold it to our wheat。”

China Canada starts the construction of diplomatic relations.。Since Trudeau took over as Prime Minister in April 1968，Under his personal promotion，China and Canada in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, recognize the establishment of diplomatic relations between New China and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries for 20 months.。I am，Canada has received tremendous pressure from the United States，Especially the United States requires Canada to consider "two China" or similar policies and plans，But Trudeau, who believes in freedom internationalism, does not compromise。February 1969，Canadian Ambassador to Sweden has contacted the Chinese Embassy in Sweden many times，Discussion on the establishment of diplomatic relations。about two weeks later，China is under the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai，The two parties conducted 17 talks on China's "three principles" on the "three principles" of China，Canada innovatively proposed the word "to note" on the "one China" issue with China，Avoid direct pressure from the United States。Since then，"TAKE NOTE" becomes a general word for the establishment of the English Communist Party of English during the Cold War during the Cold War。

　　Kritian and China Canada "Golden Ten Years"

Bet365 lotto review After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Canada，Various trade and educational exchange agreements signed by bilateral sides are held step by step，After the Cold War is over，The "Golden Ten Years" (1993-2003) created by Premier Kritian became a historical monument for Sino -Canadian relations。November 1994，Premier Kritian personally led the team，from more than 400 Canadian merchants、The Canadian Trade Promotional Team visited mainland China and Hong Kong，Bilateral signed a trade contract and memo of 8.5 billion Canadian dollars，Including two nuclear reactors for Canada to China Qinshan Nuclear Power Station。This is the largest bilateral trade in Canadian history and the largest bilateral trade in China's foreign trade。

Under the special historical background of the early 1990s，Canada still insists on free trade with China，It is not easy。1998，Premier Zhu Rongji said at the "Canadian Trade Council" annual meeting: "Canada is the best friend in the world。"February 2001，Prime Minister Kritian once again led a group to visit China，8 -bit Governor、3 autonomous leaders and nearly 600 Canadian entrepreneurs came to China with the regiment。After the conversation of the Prime Minister of the two countries，Signed the field of China and Canada、China Canada Environment and Climate、Judicial Reform、Memorandum of Cooperation in the Western Development and other fields and China -Canada Development Cooperation Projects after joining the WTO、China -Canada Scholars Exchange Project Memorandum and Book of Commercial Contracts and Intents with a total amount of 5.7 billion Canadian dollars。The Canadian Trade Promotion League has visited China in the fall of 1994，bet365 live casino games Visit once a year。September 2016，Prime Minister Li Keqiang visited Critian when he visited Canada，And said he is an old friend of the Chinese people。

　　The relationship between the Harper government and the "Cold Cold Meridity" China -Canada

"9 · 11" incident，Rising new realism of domestic composite reality in Canada，Many elites believe that Canada has become the main country in the international system of power scattered today，In foreign policy and action，You can more based on the value preferences of the people in the country，Send "Freedom to the international community、Equality、Human Rights、rule of law "values。This "main country" idea was fully practiced after the conservative party led by Stephen Harper in January 2006。Harper has doubts about the status of China's rise and China's overseas expansion，After taking office, I immediately adjusted the policy of the former Prime Minister of Liberal Party to the United States and China，adopted "Yang Mei" and "Insurance" policy，Promote "Human Rights higher than sovereignty"，Chinese intellectual property rights and Tibet、Public criticism of human rights issues in Xinjiang，Sino -Canadian relations once fell into an impasse。But China ’s feelings for the history of Canada's aid in China，"Cold Treatment"，Avoid the possible hedging of China and Canada on human rights issues。

The Chinese government also presented two giant pandas (Da Mao and Ershun) to Canada after the second visit to China in 2012，Expressing the Chinese people's deep friendship between the Canadian people and the Chinese government's emphasis on bilateral relations。Since then，Sino -Canadian relations gradually recovered after experiencing "political cold menstruation"。Although the "China -Canada bet365 best casino games Strategic Partnership" failed to fully implement it，But Canadian officials always adhere to the "one China" principle，Continue to implement aid project for China。

　　Short -term stopping of China -Canada relations

October 2015，The Liberal Party led by Jasting Trudeau defeated the Conservative Party led by Harper in the federal election，Establishing a majority party government。As the son of Old Trudeau，Trudeau conducted a state visit to China in the second year of its election，It was warmly welcome by the Chinese government and the people。China Canada has reached the annual mutual visits mechanism of bilateral prime ministers and a high -level interoperability mechanism for foreign ministers，The number of bilateral cooperation projects reaches a record high，China -Canada mainstream media also believes that China and Canada's new "Golden Age" has arrived。December 2017，Prime Minister Trudeau visits China again，But the memorandum of negotiations between the Sino -Canadian Free Trade Agreement that the two parties originally planned to be signed, but because the US -Canada Free Trade Agreement negotiated with the US -Canadian domestic party, the schedule did not be on the schedule，Bilateral relations instantly "cool down"。But in the 2018 China -Canada Tourism Year still brought considerable income to the Canadian tourism economy，More than 730,000 Chinese tourists brought at least 21.9 billion yuan to Canada (calculated at a per capita consumption of RMB 30,000)。But，The "Meng Wanzhou Incident" that broke out on December 1, 2018，Make the long -term friendly relationship between China and Canada hurts due to Canada's responsibility。

Look at Sino -Canadian Relations from the perspective Bet365 app download of a large historical perspective，There is no principle difference between the two parties，There is never historical resentment and historical issues，High -intensity trade and political conflicts have never occurred。The differences and contradictions that occur in the current relationship between the two countries are some structural contradictions that are difficult to eliminate in the short term，Some are caused by prejudice and cognitive defects made in the United States。As a member of the "Seven Kingdoms Group"，Canada after the Cold War has no longer satisfied in international affairs as the "medium、peacekeeper and assistant country "character role，Instead, choose to participate in the shaping of world order。From the perspective of China，As the second largest economy in the world，"Chinese Voice" in global affairs，Proposal "China Plan"，Construction of "Community of Human Destiny"，is the way China provides public products for global governance。China and Canada need to re -study and adapt to each other，Respect the differences and changes between each other，Taking people's livelihood as the overall situation，Practical diplomatic means、Find the standpoint of common deposits to achieve dialogue and cooperation。Medical supplies during the period of China -Canada's epidemic support and vaccine cooperation agreement，China and EU、Canadian three sides in climate change、Ministerial cooperation in the field of sustainable development，is a good start。

　　(Author Unit: School of International Relations and Public Affairs of Shanghai University of Foreign Languages、China Canada Research Association)