October 13, 1970，China and Canada officially established diplomatic relations。During the 50 years of development of bet365 games，Although independent demands and American factors have long influenced Canada’s China policy，But pragmatism and foresight have always been the main theme of the development of bet365 games。This article is based on Braudel’s view of “event history”，Divide the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Canada into four main periods，Looking back and looking forward to bet365 games。

　　Pierre Trudeau establishes diplomatic relations with bet365 games

bet365 games initially began with people-to-people exchanges。The American ginseng trade in the early 18th century and the first batch of Canadian organized missionaries to China in the second half of the 19th century，Nearly a thousand missionaries in northern Henan、West China、Medical clinic opened in South China、Schools and publishing organizations，The missionary with the best reputation among the missionaries from all over the world。After the founding of New China，With the active promotion of missionary descendants，Canada tried to “contact” China several times in the 1950s and 1960s，Especially in 1955、1958 and 1963，Canada has proposed bills three times to recognize socialist China and improve Canada-China trade relations，But because of the two "Taiwan Strait Crisis" and Eisenhower、Stopped by strong opposition from the Kennedy and Johnson administrations。During the Cold War，Although China and Canada are in hostile camps，But in China’s “Three Difficult Periods”，Canada aided China with a large amount of wheat，Helping China through difficult times。Zhou Enlai once said to the visiting Prime Minister Trudeau: "China is very grateful to Canada for its generosity，When other countries don’t sell food to us，You sold us wheat。”

The launch of negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations between bet365 games and Canada benefited from the foresight and pragmatism of Zhou Enlai and Trudeau。Since Trudeau took over as Prime Minister in April 1968，Under his personal promotion，bet365 games and Canada conducted 20 months of communication and negotiation in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, on the recognition of New bet365 games and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries。In the meantime，Canada is under tremendous pressure from the United States，In particular, the United States requires Canada to consider "two Chinas" or similar policies and programs，But Trudeau, who believes in liberal internationalism, did not compromise。February 1969，The Canadian Ambassador to Sweden has contacted the Chinese Embassy in Sweden many times，Discussing the establishment of diplomatic relations。About two weeks later，bet365 games is under the personal instruction of Premier Zhou Enlai，The two sides held 17 talks on bet365 games’s “Three Principles” for the establishment of diplomatic relations，Canada innovatively put forward the wording of “take note” on the “one bet365 games” issue in the communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations with bet365 games，Avoided direct pressure from the United States。Afterwards，“Take note” became the common wording used by 14 other Western countries when they drafted an English communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations with bet365 games during the Cold War。

　　Chrystian and the “Golden Decade” between bet365 games and Canada

After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Canada，The bilateral trade and educational exchange agreements signed are proceeding step by step，After the end of the Cold War，The "Golden Decade" (1993-2003) between China and Canada initiated by Prime Minister Chrysler has become a historical monument in bet365 games。November 1994，Prime Minister Chretien personally led the team，By more than 400 Canadian businessmen、The Canadian trade promotion delegation composed of 9 provincial governors and 2 Northern Dominion leaders visited mainland China and Hong Kong，The two sides signed a trade contract and memorandum worth 8.5 billion Canadian dollars，Including Canada’s sale of two nuclear reactors to China’s Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant。This is the largest bilateral trade in the history of Canada and China’s foreign trade。

Under the special historical background of the early 1990s，Canada still insists on free trade with bet365 games，It’s really not easy。1998，Prime Minister Zhu Rongji said at the annual meeting of the Canada-bet365 games Business Council: “Canada is bet365 games’s best friend in the world。”February 2001，Prime Minister Chretien leads a delegation to visit bet365 games again，8 governors、3 Dominion leaders and nearly 600 Canadian entrepreneurs came to bet365 games with the delegation。After the talks between the two prime ministers，Signed the bet365 games-Canada Energy Field Agreement、bet365 games-Canada Environment and Climate、Judicial Reform、Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Western Development and Other Areas and Letter of Intent on bet365 games-Canada Development Cooperation Projects after bet365 games’s Accession to the WTO、Memorandum of Understanding on the bet365 games-Canada Scholars Exchange Program and a Commercial Contract and Letter of Intent totaling CAD 5.7 billion。After the Canadian Trade Promotion Mission’s first visit to bet365 games in the autumn of 1994，Visit once a year。September 2016，Premier Li Keqiang paid a special visit to Chretien when he visited Canada，Also called him an old friend of the Chinese people。

　　The Harper government and bet365 games with “cold politics and hot economics”

　After the “9·11” incident，The rise of composite neorealism in Canada，Many elites believe that Canada has become a major power in today’s decentralized international system，In foreign policy and action，Can be more based on the value preferences of the people in the country，Convey “freedom” to the international community、Equality、Human rights、Rule of law” values。This "major power" idea was fully implemented after the Conservative Party led by Stephen Harper gained power in January 2006。Harper has doubts about China’s rising power status and China’s overseas expansion，After taking office, he immediately adjusted the policies of the former Prime Minister of the Liberal Party towards the United States and China，Adopted the policy of "promoting America" ​​and "suppressing China"，Praise "human rights above sovereignty"，To China’s Intellectual Property and Tibet、Public criticism of human rights issues in Xinjiang，bet365 games were once at a deadlock。But China is out of gratitude for Canada’s history of aiding China，Adopted a "cold treatment" of Harper's "angry youth"-style policies and behavior towards China，Avoiding possible conflict between China and Canada on human rights issues。

The Chinese government also presented two giant pandas (Da Mao and Er Shun) to Canada after Prime Minister Harper’s second visit to China in 2012，Expressing the Chinese people’s deep friendship for the Canadian people and the Chinese government’s emphasis on bilateral relations。Afterwards，bet365 games are gradually recovering after experiencing "political coldness and economic heat"。Although the "China-Canada Strategic Partnership" has not been fully implemented，But Canadian officials always adhere to the "One China" principle，Continue to implement aid projects to China。

　　Short-term suspension of bet365 games

October 2015，The Liberals led by Justin Trudeau defeated the Conservatives led by Harper in the federal election，Form a majority government。As the son of Trudeau Sr.，Trudeau Jr. paid a state visit to bet365 games in the second year of his election，Warmly welcomed by the Chinese government and people。bet365 games and Canada have reached an annual mutual visit mechanism for prime ministers and a high-level mutual visit mechanism for foreign ministers，The number of bilateral cooperation projects reaches a record high，Mainstream media in bet365 games and Canada also believe that a new “golden era” between bet365 games and Canada has arrived。December 2017，Prime Minister Trudeau visits bet365 games again，However, the memorandum of negotiation on the bet365 games-Canada Free Trade Agreement that the two sides originally planned to sign was not put on the agenda due to the upcoming negotiations on the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement and the game between domestic political parties in Canada，Bilateral relations instantly cooled down。However, the 2018 bet365 games-Canada Tourism Year still brought considerable revenue to the Canadian tourism economy，More than 730,000 Chinese tourists have brought at least 21.9 billion yuan to Canada (calculated based on per capita consumption of 30,000 yuan)。However，The sudden "Meng Wanzhou incident" on December 1, 2018，The long-term friendly relationship between bet365 games and Canada has been harmed due to Canada’s responsibility。

Examining bet365 games from a historical perspective，The two sides have no principled differences，There are no historical grudges or historical issues，There has never been a high-intensity trade or political conflict。Some of the differences and contradictions occurring in the current relations between the two countries are structural contradictions that are difficult to eliminate in the short term，Some are caused by prejudices and cognitive flaws created in the United States。As a member of the "G7"，After the Cold War, Canada is no longer satisfied with playing the role of "mediator" in international affairs、The traditional middle-level role of “peacekeeper and donor”，But choose to participate in the shaping of the world order。From China，As the world’s second largest economy，Sending “China’s Voice” in Global Affairs，Propose “China Plan”，Building a "community with a shared future for mankind"，Is China’s way of providing public goods for global governance。China and Canada need to relearn to adapt to each other，Respect each other’s differences and changes，Taking people’s livelihood as the overall situation，Use pragmatic diplomacy、Seeking common ground while reserving differences to achieve dialogue and cooperation。China-Canada Agreement on Mutual Support of Medical Supplies and Vaccine Cooperation During the Epidemic，China and the European Union、Canada’s three sides on climate change、Ministerial cooperation in the field of sustainable development，That’s a good start。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Shanghai International Studies University、bet365 games Canada Research Association)