Power is a basic concept in human society and international relations，Based on David Bez and Tim Stevens' theoretical framework，extended four types of network power attributes: compulsory network right、Institutional network right、Structural network rights and generating network rights。This framework is to better understand the power in the network space，and the logic of the behavior of the behavior provides a comprehensive perspective。

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Mandatory network rights mainly reflect a country forced other behaviors in the network space in a compulsory way，To get the results you want to get。Mandatory network rights are power based on the ability of offense and defensive network capabilities、Power of punishing other countries through the Internet。In the dispute between Russia and Ukraine，Ukrainian government、Energy、Traffic and other key industries and financial systems have suffered continuous network attacks，Forced interrupt service。This is actually an important case for exercising compulsory network power that network scholars pay attention to for mandatory network power。Internet attacks are constantly being used in geopolitical conflicts.，The competition for network power and the crisis brought Bet365 app download by it have become an important issue in the international security field。

Institutional network right refers to some formal and informal institutions through controlling the network space，Indirectly obtain a kind of power you want to achieve。There is an explanation thinking，The United States establishes management rights to the international Internet by controlling the Internet name and digital address allocation mechanism (icann)，and use it as a kind of power to punish other countries。U.S. government's takeover of the domain name of Iranian media institutions，Make it unable to access it normally，The refraction of the institutional network rights of the United States in the network space behind。

From the perspective of the relationship between the great power，Defining structural network rights as the position and sorting of the state in the network space structure can better reflect the essence of structural network power。Take data as an example，The United States has the most submarine optical cable channels and data centers。A large amount of submarine optical cables make the transmission of network data more passing through the United States，and the data center allows global data to transmit unidirectional transmission to the United States。This makes the United States be in the central position of the network power structure。Other countries are also produced according to their own data、The ability of transmission and storage to sort in network power structure。

Bet365 app download Genetic network right refers，The behavior body is mastered through discourse construction or agenda settings。The Internet provides a platform for non -national behavior to share this sovereign power。If social networks provided the right to speak for netizens to become active political participants、Public opinion venue，At the same time weakened the government's authority。Propaganda of the concept of multi -stakeholders，To a large extent, the legitimacy of non -state behavior participating in network space governance。

　　The practice of network power in international politics

Capability construction behind compulsory network rights。Mandatory power is often called "hard power"，In the theory of traditional international relations，Advanced and powerful military strength is the representative of mandatory power。The thinking of the traditional "hard power" behind the power of the compulsory network power，If the construction of online military strength emphasizes，But the virtuality of the network makes it difficult for "hard power" to be perceive，It is difficult to play its role in compulsory power。

British scholar Thomas Reed once believed that the damage that network weapons can cause human body and psychology is less，Full violence。So，The deterrent power that can be brought by network weapons and network wars is far less than that of kinetic energy weapons and traditional war。Although the violence of the network weapon alone as a weapon bet365 best casino games is weak，But the damage and influence that the network can cause can be caused by other attack methods is huge and far -reaching。In the conflict of Russia and Ukraine，Internet attacks first，Become a key factor that affects the situation。So，Whether it is offensive or defensive network military capabilities，All are an important part of the power of great powers to enhance compulsory network power。

International mechanism game behind institutional network rights。Institutional power is an indirect power，But in the international system, it has an incredible role，It is a country that ensures the demands of different powers to reach a consensus、Basis of strengthening cooperation。At the same time，The state also hopes to continuously maintain its own power through the design operation of the participation system。The international mechanism has become the challenge of the international community to deal with global problems、Take the foundation of collective action。Institutional network rights have also become an important area for national games。UNGGE in the United Nations Information Security Government (Ungge)、United Nations Information Security Open Expert Group (OEWG)、Power game between Chinese families such as China Family (IEG) and other international systems of China Family Permanent Fitness。All countries hope to maximize their own ideas in institutional construction、interests and claims，At the same bet365 live casino games time, restrict the opponent to the greatest extent。

The work of the previous expert group reflects the purpose of the power of the power of the power of institutional network power and trying to maintain its own interests through the expert group。The fifth expert group has failed to reach consensus on the application of international laws such as "self -defense" and "anti -measures" in the United States and Russia.。

Structural network rights behind the country in the network structure。Analysis of the network structure cannot be separated from the discussion of the domain name analysis service (DNS), especially the root server。Because the 13th root servers in the world are mainly distributed in the United States，Therefore, the United States is at the absolute center position of the network structure。More analysis of this problem，No further analysis here。It is worth noting that，Data that is more substantial than domain names is becoming the key to structural network rights。Data production of a country in network space、Transmission、Storage and use location，to a large extent determines the structural network power of this country。This explains why the flow of data will bring more value，But governments of various countries generally increase their requirements for localization of data。

Soft power behind the power of generating network rights、Talk right、Active setting right。Genetic power is more reflected in the effect of the concept Bet365 lotto review and discourse to achieve the impact on the behavior body。Network space as a new space，The source of sexual power is wider，The influence is also deeper。For example，The concept of global governance in network space、Principles and methods and even bilateral network diplomacy，Countries have carried out fierce competition around the generation of sexual power。ICANN's governance power structure deeply reflects the generating network power based on the multi -interest level as the governance concept。ICANN's decision -making power is in various organizations from bottom to top，The authority of government representatives has been greatly restricted (consulting status with only decision -making power)。Under the strong promotion of the technical community，Even in the multilateral mechanism of the United Nations as the main body of the sovereign state，The concept of the multi -interest charges has also begun to be gradually displayed。

With the development of emerging technology，Discussion on network power will continue。There is no doubt that it is，The status of network power in international politics will continue to increase。At the same time，Focusing on network power can help us better understand the evolution of the international power pattern and the behavior of the country in the network space。

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