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Research direction: History of Western political thought、Contemporary Western political philosophy、Comparison of political science;

Representative works: "American Government and Politics", "History of Western Political Thoughts", "Relations of State and Society: Comparison of theoretical and Practice of Socialist countries", "Globalization and Regional: relation"。

The thought of essentialism is Western thought，The reason why it is called essentialism，It is because Western thought has taken the nature of the nature of things as its fundamental task from the beginning。This kind of regulations for the nature of ideology come from the pursuit of the definition of things at the beginning of Western thought and tradition。The definition of objects must reveal its fundamental attribute，The latter is regarded as the commonality of things，That is universal and non -degeneration。The universal and unchanged of the object "What is"、The essence of objects。bet365 Play online games to modern times，Especially after Descartes，People are in addition to universal and unarmed，It is also a manifestation of the certainty as the essence of object。

　　Essentialism is the basic feature of Western thought

essentialist determines the basic characteristics of Western knowledge。For example，Aristotle made the following provisions on scientific knowledge: its object is constant，Its goal is to understand the nature of things，Its method is to think rationally (reflected as the use of logical rules)，Its conclusions must be able to teach with language and be available for verification。Based on this，Those cannot be repeated、Intowacy、From experience and intuition、Unorganized and ineffective knowledge (In fact, this kind of knowledge is actually existed，Aristotle also acknowledged this) and can not be on the palace of science。The understanding of scientific knowledge, knowledge of science,，Fundamentally limited the content of Western thought since ancient times，Make it all the fruitful results，It also contains huge defects。

essentialism has led to two points for the world，Including subjects and objects、essential and phenomenon、reason bet365 live casino games and desire、Soul and flesh, etc.。These two points can be attributed to fundamental opposition，The opposition between truth and fallacy。In the above -mentioned pairs，The previous category belongs to the advanced world，The latter category belongs to the low -level world; the former is the goal pursued by people，The latter is the object that people try to overcome。Under essentialism，The specificity of things、Differences and possibilities are completely ignored。

　Intangibleism is the basic feature of traditional Chinese thought

Different from Western thought，Intangentism is precisely the basic feature of traditional Chinese thought。If essentialism comes from the pursuit of definition at the beginning of Western thought，Then Chinese thought always consciously avoids definition of things。"Zhou Yi · Fairy" summarizes the "Yi" itself: "" Yi "is not far away，Repeatedly moved to the Tao。Changes are not resident，Zhouliu Six Vanity。upper and lower impermanence，Rigidity and softness。Cannot be a codes，Only changes are suitable。"" Among them，"The only change for change" reflects the essence of Chinese thought，strive to grasp things in the change。"bet365 best casino games Zhouyi" 64 hexagram，Although each hexagram has a certain name，It also has its certain meaning，For example, Qian and Kun represent Yang and Yin，But every 爻 in the hexagram reflects different situations，At the same time, this specific situation or nature changes with time，The process of "peeling and recovery" that finally moves to its own。So，Chinese thought emphasizes that people must grasp the timing of things、Times Time、Shin Simply Broken。

In this intangible ideological tradition，Strict sense，People rarely ask "what is" Socrates.。For those who ask those who ask the benevolence，Confucius may give different suggestions based on the shortcomings of everyone to overcome，Or directly indicates that "I don't know the benevolent"。So，The Analects mentioned: "Zihan Yanli and Life and Ren。"Of course，This avoidance of definition is not the personal tendency of Confucius，but the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese thought。Therefore，For the specificity of objects、variability and possibilities，Chinese thought has given full attention and emphasis。People are pursuing exactly the individual、variable and possible knowledge，Even as a knowledge that bet365 live casino games means outside words。What people pay attention to is what happened under the specific environment and conditions，instead of their abstract attributes。In the world of intangibleist，People emphasize the "immersion" of the knowledge of the world，instead of objectized observation，is the grasp of the sequence and timing，and the opposition and unity of things。

Space of expanding thought

Comparison of comparison，Extremely emphasis on generality、Disar variability and certainty。Therefore，The knowledge under the influence of essentialism itself is also common and determined，This kind of knowledge is easy to spread、Accumulation and re -creation on this basis。instead of infantism is full of specificity and variants，People not only emphasize the specificity and variability of the recognition object itself，And also emphasizes the specificity of the understander itself、variability and possibilities，The so -called "benevolent of the benevolent see the benevolence，Wisdom of the Wise Seeing "。Obviously，The former can bring knowledge of knowledge and breakthroughs in science and technology，The latter is "tune high and widow"、It is difficult to find，In a sense, even bet365 live casino games the mysterious unpredictable features，Not conducive to the development of science，But it may be more suitable for the grasp of the so -called "will become other things" such as Aristotle。

other，From the perspective of the understanding of things，Essentialism pays attention to the universality of things、Disability and certainty，So pay attention to the homogeneity and continuity of things，The heterogeneity and discreteness of objects are ignored。but，As Heidegger said，To grasp the people and things in the change，The important thing is to incorporate the heterogeneity of things into the field of vision。That's for this，Similar to the intangible ideas reflected in Zhouyi, there is more space that can be expanded。