After two world wars，The study of bet365 mobile betting was born，It has become a forest in just a few decades。The reason why this discipline can grow rapidly，The main reason is the proliferation of various bet365 mobile betting theories，The 20th century is undoubtedly an era when the stars of bet365 mobile betting theory shine。However，Such prosperity came to an abrupt end at the dawn of the 21st century。Today，The development of bet365 mobile betting theory shows obvious polarization，On the one hand，Mid-level and micro-level theories emerge in endlessly，The progress of methodology is changing with each passing day；On the other hand，Innovation in “big theory” remains sluggish，For the core "big questions" - such as the nature of the system、The essence of the actor (opposition force、profit、The pursuit of reason or etiquette) - 20th century theorists seem to have had enough discussion，Exhausted all possibilities，So much so that mainstream academic circles have almost given up on continuing to explore ontology and epistemology。But "big theory" is ultimately a temptation that scholars cannot let go。

　The eccentric “aesthetic turn” and “bet365 mobile betting”

If the theory of bet365 mobile betting must be innovative at the macro level，It is necessary to break through the existing scientific framework，There are only two ways，One，Put down science，Refer to others；Part 2，Update Science，Chasing the Frontier。“Aesthetic Turn” and “Quantum Mind”，These are attempts in these two directions。

　2001，"Millennium: Journal of International Studies" organized a special issue，Entitled “Image and Narrative in World Politics”，Written by many leading scholars，From literature、Art、Drama、Film and TV、Music and other aspects，Exploring new areas of bet365 mobile betting research。Articles that outline the album，Composed by Roland Bleiker, a professor at the University of Queensland, Australia，Entitled "The Aesthetic Turn in International Political Theory"，The concept of "aesthetic turn" is thus established。This concept is not an empty slogan，But it has clear theoretical demands。Blake directly opposed the "aesthetic" approach to the mainstream social science approach。In short，Aesthetic approach at two levels: ontology and epistemology，Questioning the objectivity and knowability of the real world that people take for granted in social sciences，The "aesthetic turn" is to change the foothold of bet365 mobile betting theory，From "politics itself" to "political representation"，In the perception of various cultures and arts，Exploring the understanding and interpretation of politics。

"Quantum Mind and Social Science" was published more than ten years after the publication of "Social Theory of International Politics" by American bet365 mobile betting scholar Alexander Winter, which brought him great reputation，The second monograph written。Different from "aesthetic turn"，The concept of “quantum mind” is not entirely antithetical to social science，This can be known from the title of the book。But similar to the "aesthetic turn"，“Quantum Mind” is also based on questioning existing social science research methods。Winter thinks，Ontologically，Empirical social science aligns with classical physics，People have long been accustomed to this；The principle of "causal closure of physics"，It is “a basic principle that all social science scholars should agree on”。Since quantum mechanics has abandoned classical mechanics，Brought revolutionary changes to physics，Then follow this inference，Social science based on classical physics，Can revolutionary progress be made by introducing quantum theory？Winter explores this in the book。

In Winter’s opinion，The view that “mind and social life are macroscopic quantum mechanical phenomena”，Has the merit of “promoting the debate in social science philosophy”，Because it questions fundamental assumptions in empirical social science，That is, "social life is bound by classical physical laws"。For Winter，The "unexplainable anomalies" that exist in the mind or consciousness from the perspective of materialism，Like a dark cloud over social sciences。Although the writing of this book is only a "guerrilla war" to attack these anomalies，But he believes，After a certain node，Guerrilla warfare will surely give way to regular warfare，“A more realist view of quantum science” will launch a frontal attack on the classical mainstream bet365 mobile betting。

Whether it is the "aesthetic turn" or "quantum mind"，These are not minor modifications to existing theories，Rather, it aims at a grand perspective of ontology or epistemology，Reconstructing bet365 mobile betting Theory。Since both have clear problem awareness and theoretical orientation，Can they suddenly emerge as a force?，Inject abundant vitality into the innovation of “big theory”？However，No。

　　The bet365 mobile betting of poverty and the bet365 mobile betting of poverty

Following the publication of the 2001 special issue "Image and Narrative in World Politics" in Millennium: A Journal of International Studies，The concept of “aesthetic turn” and the study of culture and art，It suddenly set off a craze in the academic world。However，The “aesthetic turn” began with theoretical concerns，But in the subsequent development, it increasingly lost the sharpness of the theory，Its real contribution may be to bring richer topics to the study of bet365 mobile betting，Rather than promoting the development of bet365 mobile betting theory。1999，Wendt's "Social Theory of International Politics" can be said to have stirred up a thousand waves with one stone，It is not an exaggeration to say that it has reconstructed the ecology of bet365 mobile betting theory；In comparison，The publication of "Quantum Mind and Social Science" did not stir up much waves。Some scholars believe，“Quantum Mind” based on “Panpsychism”，Explanation that Winter is “just another ‘reincarnation’ of German idealism”；Some scholars pointed out sharply，The book is "Wendt's misunderstanding and misuse of quantum theory and concepts and popular terminology based on secondary literature"，What it proposes is "an almost theological view，This goes against science”。

But，We should not easily conclude based on this，The "aesthetic turn" and "quantum mind" are of little value，These two paths are rugged and difficult，It’s not all about one’s own powerlessness，Rather，They reveal the dilemma of the entire bet365 mobile betting theory and theoretical history。If we take a long-term view, we will find out，The problems faced by the two and the ways to break through，There are similarities with the development process of Western academics a hundred years ago。Starting from the first half of the 20th century，The belief in reason and progress established since the Age of Enlightenment is gradually being challenged，Ideological circles are increasingly paying attention to and reflecting on the domination of technology by modernity、Control and alienation。Therefore，In various postmodernist schools whose mission is to resist the absolutization and abstraction of reason，Aesthetics often occupy an extremely important position。Meanwhile，In the natural science community，Classical physics based on materialism and certainty，Also affected by uncertainty、The challenges of quantum mechanics with subversive concepts such as quantum entanglement as the core，The latter has prompted people to rethink some age-old questions，Such as the relationship between matter and consciousness、The essence of human existence, etc.。

Early 21st century，The proposal of “aesthetic turn”，It is postmodernism as its fundamental theoretical basis。Blake explicitly wrote，The origin of the “aesthetic turn”，It is postmodernist scholars’ “challenge to the positivist foundation of bet365 mobile betting political theory”，And when the academic community uses a postmodern perspective to think about world politics，Discussion on various cultural and artistic forms。And Winter’s controversial exploration of “quantum mind”，It’s not just a matter of temporary interest。In the 2003 article "Why a world state is inevitable"，He resorted to "teleology that has long been regarded as contrary to science"，Clued by human agency and the struggle for recognition，Building the road to world countries；In the 2008 article "Sovereignty and UFOs"，He is also based on Agamben’s philosophy，Reflect on sovereignty, the essential attribute of modern states, through supernatural phenomena。If you say，He re-discussed matter and consciousness in a more moderate way in "The Social Theory of bet365 mobile betting Politics"、Ontological issues that have been “solved” by mainstream theories such as the nature of the state，Then after that，His exploration in this direction becomes more and more radical，"Quantum mind" is just a logical result。

It’s not difficult to find，“Aesthetic Turn” and “Quantum Mind” in International Political Theory in the 21st Century，Exactly the same as the changes in Western academics in the first half of the 20th century，You can even say，Reproduces the latter’s diagnosis and breakthrough of traditional theory。However，The revolutionary changes in philosophy and natural science，It comes more from facing reality，“Aesthetic Turn” and “Quantum Mind” in International Political Theory，is more of a reference to concepts and ideas，It seems like a toddler in Handan。What’s behind this，This is probably the dilemma of the entire theoretical history - the discipline of bet365 mobile betting has almost never had an original theoretical core。From history、Political Science、Philosophy to Economics、Sociology and even natural science，bet365 mobile betting theory always draws on the ontological and epistemological achievements of other disciplines，To promote one’s own development、A breakthrough in forming a theory。Since there is a lack of internal theoretical drive，The theoretical history of the discipline of bet365 mobile betting can only be a mirror or projection of other disciplines，It is difficult to form one’s own disciplinary consciousness and subject context。

　　Strive to establish the theoretical core of bet365 mobile betting

In summary，We will find a strange phenomenon，To break the "end" of bet365 mobile betting theory，Both "aesthetic turn" and "quantum mind" have downplayed or even eliminated their own attributes as an bet365 mobile betting discipline。American scholar Meyer Shapiro, one of the representatives of the “aesthetic turn”, publicly declared that he wanted to “forget bet365 mobile betting”；Wendt’s book is titled "Quantum Mind and Social Science"，Not "Quantum Mind and bet365 mobile betting"，In other words，He did not consider theoretical innovation based on bet365 mobile betting，Rather, it defaults to the need to first build a new paradigm of social science，Apply it to bet365 mobile betting。

Western bet365 mobile betting Theoretical Innovation in the 21st Century，Of course there is more than just “aesthetic turn” and “quantum mind”，But these two paths most typically represent reflections on the core issues of existing theories，And the breakthrough and helplessness after reflection。If the rise and fall of bet365 mobile betting theory is nothing but a copy of the development of other disciplines，Then before breakthrough progress is made in other disciplines，We seem to have no choice but to let go of the idea of ​​“big theories”，Making a career in middle-level theory and micro-level theory，Or adopt an eclectic attitude to travel between the existing "theoretical islands"。Also，"Global bet365 mobile betting" has been gaining momentum in recent years，In particular, Chinese scholars have made outstanding contributions in theoretical creation。Then，Can non-Western traditions inject new ontology and epistemology into the study of bet365 mobile betting, thereby promoting a leap in "grand theory"，To be further investigated。Can bet365 mobile betting theory in the 21st century get rid of its long-standing depiction and appropriation，Establish your own theoretical core，Even feed back to other disciplines，vital。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 mobile betting and Public Affairs, Fudan University)