There are many types of national security，Despite the guidance of the overall national security concept，But the perspective and contemplation in academic research are still very different。Based on this，This article is from the existing research results，Extract a few different types，Talk about some personal thinking，Support Fang Jia criticized correction。

　　Bet365 lotto review Comprehensive explanation in all aspects，The national security currently said by Chinese scholars，It mainly covers political security、Land Safety、Military security、Economic Security、Cultural Security、Social Security、Technology Security、Network Security、Ecological security、Resource safety、Nuclear safety、Overseas interest security、Space Safety、Deep Sea Safety、Polar Safety、Biological safety and other fields。But what you need to pay attention to is，This list is based on the development of the situation、The deepening of the understanding and the expansion of demand，Continuous adjustment and enrichment in reality，It reflects the expansion of China as a rising country as a rising country。It is not difficult to see，These types of security issues are different，The reasons and consequences generated are different，The disposal is extremely different，The unit of the unit involved in the solution; some directly endangered the life of the people、Cause serious property loss (such as military security)，Some consequences are the panic of the whole society and the improper control of personal privacy (such as network security)，Some are difficulties in dealing with special professional fields (such as nuclear safety)，Some are in charge of the head of cultural education and publicity (such as cultural security)。Stages of different historical development、Land and resources and population nation -like countries，There must be different national security lists。From the research method,，The most difficult thing about this type of research is to empower and sort，How to give a variety of types、Safety problems with different situations give weights，How to arrange the order of the government's existing resources，How to determine which problems are urgently needed now、Which is the challenge of the medium and long term。

　　The second type is，Advanced according to security issues，From the perspective of historical revolution, the national security issues are divided into two categories: traditional security and non -traditional security。The so -called "traditional security"，It mainly refers to the security issues of peace -related war between national war。In international political science and diplomatic theory，Traditional security is called "high -level politics"，It is large because it is related to the existence of the country and the stability of the political situation，Stamed in the most important、High -level decision -making schedule。Comparison for comparison，"Non -traditional Security" is the long -term peaceful age after World War II.，More major threats that occur outside the battlefield，National security risks or hidden dangers that cannot be eliminated by military means。One of the differences from traditional security is，Non -traditional security challenges called "low -level politics"，Whether it is their form or its influence，Both are more confusing、It is difficult to locate。It is worth mentioning is，For the above situation，Foreign academic circles have proposed "security" theory。It mainly discusses what issues should be submitted to the highest decision -making layer ("safety")，Which national security ("non -security")，What problems were safe that the country must worry about but later dangerous decline，Therefore, it is not necessary to include dynamic analysis such as the agenda ("de -safety") such as high -level disciplinary schedule ("de -safety"); this doctrine also discusses what is the relationship between tradition and non -traditional security、Whether it is possible to transform each other theoretical difficulties，opened a new space for national security research。

　The third path，It is the regional spatial range involved according to security issues，Compared to discover the characteristics of national security。Taking China "National Security Outline" (hereinafter referred to as "Outline") as an example。"Outline" emphasizes，China attaches importance to internal security、Also attaches importance to external security，Pay attention to your own safety、Pay attention to common safety。It reminds the dialectical relationship between national security and other levels of security。Observe from the coverage，National security issues are not in isolation，Stability of it with neighboring countries (surrounding security)、Peace (regional security) with a larger area (regional security) or even the global level of security situation (international security or global security) is inseparable。Although the safety issues at different levels have their own causes、each has its own fruit，Various security existence internal contact，and the national security of various countries constitute a community of security destiny。We can even expect，In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the new territory of human beings to space，Considering the possible encounter and collision between the existing species of the earth and the alien life body，The maintenance of the entire Earth Village may be included in the future national security agenda of the main power of the world。Look at it from China，The overall security of the country is not unidirectional、Plane，but multi -level、Related one; national security cannot be separated from the internal harmony and stability，Effective governance of each grassroots cannot be separated，It is inseparable from citizens' awareness and means of maintaining their own safety。This open national security study，It is especially necessary for emerging powers like China，After all, my country has not been integrated into the global system for a long time，The overall national security concept has just been proposed，The relationship between the country and the global security and individual security still has many theoretical and practical issues to be explored。

　　The fourth type is more popular in some developed countries，Research path that can be called "national security culture"。"Culture" mentioned here，Not the spiritual wealth in the general sense of Chinese (such as literature、Art、Education、Science, etc.)，but refers to the logic and background of thinking about problems，Refers to different ethnic psychology and strategic thinking。On the issue of national security,，"Culture of National Security" is to study，How a country and nation can construct their own safety propositions，What kind of historical tradition and ideological gene it does。To some extent, it is similar to the earlier "strategic cultural school"，Both value the relationship between national security strategy strategies and historical and cultural psychology。Examine with this method，Despite the nature of the national security concept，But there are differences in security culture: The former pays more attention to military technology、Strategic game and offensive means，The latter talks more about using international law and international organizations、Regional alliance and non -military sanctions。Through this kind of study，Different marks left to European and American countries in the two world wars, and even the similarities and similarities of the new mainland for hundreds of years，Even "American Safety Studies" and "European Peace Studies" appeared。Like "Safety Theory"，"Strategic Cultural Analysis" is to discuss the depth of depth when discussing national security issues、​​A way of exploration with academic taste，There are certain requirements for researchers' theoretical studies and logical thinking。

　　Fifth is called "Function Analysis"，It from the horizontal angle，Try to find out the various elements related to national security issues，Look at the areas and ways of their belongings。Under this path，Discussion objects can include: guidance ideas for national security，Basic theory of national security，Different goals of national security，Strategic Strategy of National Security，Cultural features of national security，The field of national security，System Construction of National Security，National Security Governance Method，National Security Coordination Process，Education and training of national security，Research Institutions of National Security。The advantage of this classification is the almost infinite topic，Let those who are interested and expertise do their best，Mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects; its shortcomings are difficult to form consensus evaluation standards，Often talk about each word、Not ventilation，Disted the inefficient and energy of resource utilization。In a positive sense,，Downtown high standard、Academic rigorous national security learning，Discussion on the existing functional issues，Continuous development of various majors，All can be regarded as the beneficial work of the primary stage。In fact，Studies in national security are gradually advanced through their own efforts，For example, international strategic research and teaching、Theoretical research and teaching of international relations、Research and Teaching of International Political History、International Political Economics Research and Teaching、Special research and teaching of regional countries，all laid the foundation for thinking about national security challenges from international security challenges; and political science、Law、Economics、Sociology、Teaching and scientific research of ecology，From the perspective of the construction of general disciplines in China, it provides a large number of cornerstones and requirements for national security studies。

To sum up，National security is not a single theoretical concept，but a certain compound knowledge architecture，It needs not only the cause and effect logic of a certain field，Analysis tool for interdisciplinary multi -field。For example，As far as the similar knowledge and academic,，Study and master of national security，Political Science with changes in power structure and reasonable allocation of resources、Economics related，Interpretation of the country and social relations、Sociology of the relationship between the whole、Philosophy related，Military studies with analyzing force threats and international competition、Diplomatic related，Ecology of the overall nature and continuation process of looking forward to the global village、Global Scholars，Social science methodology that explains bet365 best casino games ideological absorption and open learning，Related with the doctrine of quantum thoughts and complexity doctrine provided by the new expression method of nature，It is also related to the academic and thought that cannot be mentioned here.。Of course，The above is the entire knowledge building of national security，For specific personal learning，Considering the limit of time and ability，Still should choose aspects of interest and exploration path with a certain specialty，For example, choose a problem that suits you in the above type to track。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of International Relations at Peking University)