"Social Europe" gradually becomes an important issue for bet365 best casino games European integration

In the early stage of bet365 best casino games European integration，Economic dominates Western European cooperation，Social cooperation is blocked。Although the "European Coal and Steel Community Treaty", "European Economic Community Treaty" and "European Atomic Energy Community Treaty" laid a legal basis for the common social policy，But these treaties generally focus on economic light society。After decades，The European Community will put "Social Europe" on the schedule of discussion。

Early member states lack the political will to coordinate economic and social policies。After the end of World War II，Europe fully promotes economic development。By the end of the 1950s，Earlier Economic Prosperity at the beginning，Political elites' concerns about social turmoil have been reduced，But France and Germany hold different things to formulate common social policies。France emphasizes the importance of coordinating social policies，Especially the issue of equal pay for men and women and the bet365 Play online games guarantee of social rights of mobile workers。and the German trade union strongly opposed France to adhere to social legislation，Because I am worried that this will destroy its autonomy in collective negotiations。other，During 1958-1970，Italian members who are responsible for the social policy affairs responsible for the European Community Committee only care about the output of the remaining labor force in the country。This can be seen，Main countries take their own interests，Lack of political will to formulate common social policies。At the same time，Social rights differences in various countries are very different，It is difficult to coordinate，And countries believe that the actions at the European Community level are not necessary。

The rise of neo -liberalism restricts the "Social Europe" plan。European political elites originally thought，Relying on long -lasting economic growth is enough to promote social progress。But，By the end of the 1960s，An important change has occurred in the social and economic fields of Europe，Promote political elites to change their ideas，and began to pay attention to the cooperation of Europe in the social field。1969，The Hague Summit promises to strengthen the establishment of a common social policy; 1972，The Paris Summit advocates promoting the "Social Europe" plan。but，The mid -1970s to the early 1980s，Western countries have encountered two capitalist economic crisis，High unemployment rate，Western Europe、The Social Democratic Party of Nordic countries has been frustrated in political elections，Its leadership position turns weak。At the same time，The rise of new liberalism，It advocates reducing the country's intervention of the economy，Call the abolition of the welfare system to restore the economy，Learning the "Social Europe" plan encountered cold。

The Delol Committee intends to strengthen the integrated social dimension。1985，Jacques Delors, then the French Minister of Economy and Finance, served as Chairman of the European bet365 Play online games Community Committee。To break through the stagnation state in the field of social policy，He proposed the concept of "social dialogue"，Encourage social partners (representatives of both European levels) to reach a joint agreement on social policy，and make it the basis for the community's legislation of employment and labor policy。At the same time，He proposes to expand the significant expansion of the European Communist area and social policy。December 1989，The head of the European Community and its member states (except the United Kingdom) passed the "Charter of the Basic Social Rights of the European Community Workers"，It aims to ensure that the integration of economy and social integration is not contrary and complement each other。1993，The Treaty of Mastricht Effective，The European Parliament gets greater consultation and legislative rights，The EU Council can adopt a valid major voting system on many social policies。This institutional change has created favorable conditions for the development of social policy。

　　The "Social Europe" program in the early 21st century lacks driving force

2000-2015，"Social Europe" plan was once questioned，Even disappeared from the political agenda。The reason is that new member states oppose restrained social policies，Politics of various countries turn right，and the financial crisis leads to slower economic growth。

New member states against restrained social policies。EU in 2004、Three expansion in 2007 and 2013，But there is no additional budget to ensure the economy、Convergence of social and regional development，No new problems that may bring to East expansion are prepared。First，New member states need time to "digest" the community's existing code system。Next，Member State not only has differences in social models，and still not obtained a consensus in the development model。Last，Because the national sovereign consciousness in Eastern European countries is stronger，They are unwilling to transfer sovereignty in the field of social policy to the European Union。

bet365 live casino games Political right transfer makes social policy lack of support。At the end of the 20th century，European political structure has begun to change。1999 European Parliament election indicates，The support rate of voters on the left is generally declining，The support rate for the right wing is increasing。The 2004 European Parliament's election confirmed the change of political pattern，The right party of the European People's Party Party won the victory，And the support rate of social Democratic Party and socialist parties has decreased significantly。November of the same year，Establishment of the Barozo Committee，But most of its members also come from the right -wing party。2005 is a political turning point，Most EU powers are governed by the right -wing government。That time，Power balance is obviously right，and right -wing oppose common social policies。

Poor economic situation leads to the social dimension that is unable to promote integration in Europe。After the financial crisis in 2008，Economic conditions in European countries are generally poor，The road to recovery is difficult，The unemployment rate is high，Population proportion of poverty and social exclusion risks increases，From this，Economic governance becomes the focus，This situation has caused Europeans to question national social policies。Overall，There are two perspectives that can explain why the economic decline is not conducive to social policy。One，Economy is one of the standards for measuring integration income。The worse the economy of a member country, the worse the economy，Integration, the lower the degree of benefits to various countries，The lower the degree of the transfer of sovereignty for sovereignty。Its two，The difference in economic status will lead to the anxiety of people in the EU level governance，thus affecting voters' policy preferences。So，The worse the economic environment，The motivation for the people to entrust social protection to the EU will weaken。

　The process of integration of European society is long and far away

bet365 best casino games European integration is the product of the crisis，It is also a mechanism to deal with the crisis。but，After multiple crises，Europe has deeply realized that it is impossible to solve problems by economic policies。In view of this，Since the Juncai Committee，EU particularly emphasizes the integration of social dimensions。

The Rongcak Committee focuses on the social dimension of the Economic and Monetary Alliance。November 2014，After serving as the chairman of the European Commission, Rongka emphasized the social dimension of the Economic and Monetary Alliance，Social issues on the EU schedule。Rongcker thinks，Can promote employment through effective labor market policies，Improve education and lifelong learning policy，Better coordinating the social security system，and provide effective social protection for the whole people within the framework of the Economic and Monetary Alliance。Where，Solving employment problems is the key to social dimensions，Because unemployment will promote inequality and social exclusion。Since 2015，Tightening policy is increasingly loose，Social development issues are on the agenda。At that time，The European Commission highlights the status of employment and social dimensions in the European Union policy，A method of free flow of labor to solve the employment crisis，and proposed several items about seasonal workers、Directives for technical workers and multinational workers。At the same time，Legislative proposals related to social policy have attracted attention，Especially health and safety、Gender equality and other issues，Most of the proposals are concentrated in the first half of 2019 and passed。

"European Social Rights Pillar" becomes a compass for building "Social Europe"。2017，Gothenburg Summit officially announced the EU's "European Social Rights Pillar" (hereinafter referred to as "Pillar")，The social dimension aimed at strengthening integration，Provide new to EU citizens、More effective rights，To build a more fair Europe。June 2019，The European Council passed the EU Strategy Agenda Bet365 lotto review (2019-2024)，Call for member states to implement the contents of the "Pillar" at the EU and the national level。The new EU leadership members have also publicly emphasized the support of "social Europe" construction。May 2021，Porto Social Summit provides political motivation for further implementation of "Pillar"，And the EU member states to implement the "Pillar" will be strong。June 2022，EU Employment and Social Affairs Minister announced the goals that member states planned to achieve in 2030 in accordance with the "Pillar"，The employment rate increases to 78.5%，At least 57.6%of adult workers annual training，The number of people who will face poverty or social exclusion will be reduced by 15.6 million people。It can be seen that the member states implement the "Pillar" will be strong，At the same time, it also indicates，Solving social problems is an important direction for deepening European integrated development。

Strengthen economic upward and society。2015，EU Council、European Commission、The European Parliament and the European Central Bank and other institutions jointly released a report on "Complete the European Economic and Monkey Alliance"，The necessity of strengthening convergence in the economic and social field for the first time。Before the epidemic，Europe has achieved economic growth for 7 consecutive years，The employment rate has reached the highest level in the history of the European Union。but，Epidemic and other factors may hinder the trend of upward convergence in Europe，​​Extermination of heterogeneity in the economic and social field，and lead to a road where the member states are going downward。

From the perspective of formulating social policies，EU has overcome some institutional obstacles，But this does not mean that the road has been cleaned for the "Social Europe" plan，EU also faces various internal and external challenges。Limited budget is just one of the real problems facing the European Union，But it is enough to restrain the ability of the European Union bet365 live casino games to interfere with the social policy of member states through budget policies。Under the current situation，It is difficult to obtain a high degree of consensus in the construction of "social Europe"。Although the policy process and mechanism change of "social Europe" is an attempt for the EU to achieve a balanced capitalist system，It also provides an institutional basis for the integration of European society，But the vision of "European Europe" will still be in the primary stage for a long time。

　(Author Unit: European Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)