Bet365 lotto review September 2022，Regional Guoxue was officially included in the first -level discipline catalog，ending the history that has not been clear for a long time。Current，The discussion of the research methods of regional countries in the academic community is not enough，How to innovate theoretical and practical research methods，Absorption and Discipline advantage，Breakthroughs of Promoting Research Methods have become an important part of discipline construction。For this，This issue of "Academic Round Table" from paradigm innovation、Discipline fusion、Quantitative model three dimensions，Discuss the method of innovation and practice of the method of studying the regional country。

　　Three key issues of field research on the field of regional countries

　　◇ Xu Xiuli

The most challenging in regional country research，At the same time, the most attractive part is to carry out out -of -domain field research。This article will be based on the author's existing field research experience，Discussion of three of the key issues: First, the relationship between field research and new knowledge production。The second is the problem of infrastructure construction and research capabilities of real -country research on the field of realm。Third, the comparison of two paradigms of participation, research, and action research in exterior study research。

　　Outside -domain field research and new knowledge production

Outbelary Research as a research method，still want to serve the answer to the research question，So how to set questions、What research questions are answered through field research、What kind of knowledge creation is the first concern。Current，The construction of China's independent knowledge system is imminent，This is destined to surpass the tradition of the traditional "scripture" thinking，Increase more subject consciousness and in -depth problem consciousness。Chinese scholars in the process of "going global" to carry out field research，Should continue to look back between yourself and others、Comparison、Mutuality and accumulation of new knowledge in mutual learning，Based on this establishment of differential knowledge and general cognition of specific regions and countries，Then guide the corresponding public policy and social practice。

But I have to admit，The steering of this macro knowledge appeal is not easy to implement it in specific research。This requires the researchers to have three consciousness first: first，Conscious consciousness with global knowledge map，Actively surpass its stealth center -edge dependency state，Questioning with the consciousness of the subject and the problem; the second，With an objective attitude observing and understanding your own consciousness，Dare to break the traditional mortar，Putting new problems and new ideas; third，With the consciousness of paying attention to Wenye interaction on field experience，Strive to create a new concept that is easy to understand and accept for the international community、New categories and new expressions。

Outbelary Research can provide new fields and new vectors for new types of knowledge production，It is the inner call for regional countries to study the establishment of an independent knowledge system。Only walk into the world of others，China's knowledge group can deeply understand the complexity and diversity of the external world，can also truly understand the pattern and location of myself in the global knowledge context。

　　Infrastructure construction and research capabilities of real -country research on the field of field

China's regional countries have a long history，But the motivation of the early research on out -of -domain research in the early days、Research organization is low，Lack of funds restricted by the government and the people，The funding power is also relatively scattered，Therefore, it has not formed a certain research scale。Researchers are truly systematic、Organized to go abroad，Deep -going field research outside the domain is a new type of research and practice gradually formed in the past 20 years。As early as the 1990s，Mr. Fei Xiaotong proposed the cooperation mode of "Intercontinental Economy"，Focus on "Beauty and Beauty、Beauty of Beauty、The United States and the United States and the Communist Party、The Concept of Overlash in the World "，It provides useful revelation for China ’s development of regional countries。Since 2002，from Peking University、Beijing Language University、Yunnan University、Sun bet365 best casino games Yat -sen University、Central National University、Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Beijing University of Foreign Languages、Tsinghua University、China Agricultural University、Zhejiang Normal University、Shanghai University of Foreign Languages、Shanghai University and other overseas field surveys in different disciplines，Some schools also conducted a series of training of overseas ethnic history for young people across the country，Many colleges and universities have published a series of results of real -country research on the territory，As a result, human resources experience that China has carried out out -of -domain research in China。

Despite this，The administrative management system of out -of -domain research research、funding system、Publishing system、The corresponding infrastructure construction of the evaluation system is not perfect。2022，Regional Guoxue has become a first -level discipline to accelerate the process of the above infrastructure construction，But you must see，Carrying out Outreiled Research For researchers and research institutions，Need to have the following five abilities。First, researchers need to master the language and history of the object country，and can walk in different political, economic and social and cultural systems，The ability to interpret differential cultural interpretations and the skills of cross -disciplinary knowledge climbing dialogue。Second, researchers and research institutions must have a certain economic strength，Can support it for a long time in the object country。Third, the ability of researchers and research institutions to have certain organizational coordination and cross -cultural communication，so。Fourth, researchers and research institutions must have a keen safety awareness，Avoid mistakes entering local political and social disputes，Make sure you are safe。Five is that the researchers must have a strong body and a strong mental motivation，to overcome the inner loneliness of staying away from the mother country。These conditions have put forward higher requirements for researchers and research institutions than on -site research in China。

Research Development in China Outside of China，From the "point" in the early 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, the "line"，And in recent years, the scale，Construction as "face"。But overall，The organizational management system and infrastructure "system" of the research system and infrastructure of the reality of the country in China has just started，It still needs supporters to work hard and support in related policies。

　　Participating Observation and Action Research in Real Research Outside Research

Outside -Democratic research must go through the experience to enter、Increase、Leaving three situations，After the subject specifications, you must write research notes or ethnic history，Then form a complete academic narrative for a certain regional country and its specific issues，This is the basic step of real research on out -of -domain field。So far，Methods for regional countries are still facing controversy between the methodology of humanities and social science methodology，Its knowledge and interest also faces the tension between practical application orientation and theoretical construction orientation，But no matter what path tendency，Real research methods in the domain cannot be ignored。where，Common out -of -domain reality research methods are participating observations，This method emphasizes long -term infiltration of the fields，Based on this, complete the writing of different culture，Through cultural comparison and traceability，Deep layer，Pay attention to the old，Finally formed a certain complete "story"，Reach a deep understanding of the researchers' country or a certain problem。For this，Professor Zhao Xudong of Renmin University of China summarized eight orientation in the field of field work，Call it "field eight"，I have a different interest、Scholarship、Pay attention to the old、Zhiwei Zhizhang、Zhirou Zhigang、Meditation、Celery tolerance and text world，On the basis of this, follow the clues of the problem consciousness，Completion of the sublimation of the ethnic history and the production of new knowledge。

In recent years，The advancement of development cooperation practice is continuously deepened，Some researchers have begun to combine practice and research，Then form a action research paradigm in a certain sense。In this background，The boundaries between researchers and practitioners become blurred，Researchers are no longer the onlookers bet365 Play online games and reviewers who are sitting on the way，Instead from "outsiders" to "insiders"，This can more deeply understand the social and cultural history of the target country。Compared to conventional participating observation paradigms，Action research paradigm has higher requirements for the comprehensive quality and research resources of researchers，The research process is more complicated，At the same time, it also faces more controversy。Action research not only provides a convenient channel for researchers to enter the field，More importantly，This paradigm also opened up the field border，enriched the field level，Deepen the researcher's cognition of specific problems。Action research paradigm is based on a hypothesis，is different from developed countries based on mature text specifications，In the majority of developing countries，The degree of daily practice of its political, economic, social and culture is low，The mechanism to maintain social operation is not always visible documents，and more hidden text，In the case of many social facts being blocked，Researchers are difficult to enter the real field through participating observations and interviews.。In this sense,，Action research is a key to open the black box in the opening。

Overall，Whether it is a participating observation paradigm，Still action research paradigm，The selection of real -world research methods must be based on the requirements of the researcher's own conditions and research questions that need to be answered，Can't generalize。China Outside Real Studies have accumulated，but still in the starting stage，How to set questions、How to integrate into the field、How to interact with Wenye、How to develop effective concepts、How to start a variety of international dialogue, etc.，All need to be continued to work hard，Constantly summarized and refined in the sidelines。At the same time，How to motivate、Organization、Management、Evaluation、Real estate research and its results，Promoting related new talent training and team building also put forward new requirements for our academic management system。

　　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Fund "Study on the Model and Strategy of Effectively Sharing Poverty Alleviation Experience in China and the Belt and Road Initiatives" (21&ZD180) Pharmaceutical results)

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Humanities and Development of Chinese Agricultural University、Dean of the International Development and Global Academy of Agricultural)

　　Regional country research and comparative political research fusion and reference

　　◇ Wang Zhengxu

Regional countries' research and comparative political research are two close connections and distinct disciplines and academic fields。The two are concerned about objects、Theoretical orientation、Research method and other aspects，There is both great similarities、Statches each other，There is a significant difference。Because of this difference between the two but very profound correlations，The two can also need to maintain in -depth dialogue and learning。This article first discusses the correlation between the two academic fields and the difference between mutual mutual，Then how can the two combine with each other、Spell some points to support each other。

Regional countries' research and comparative political connections and differences。Regional countries are concerned about the facts that pay attention to a country outside the country or within a certain area、Phenomenon、Features、Law、Trends, etc.。In other words，Regional countries do not study the problems or phenomena within a certain country or region。Comparison of political research and regional countries' similarities are，Its research object is also a country or political body outside the country、Political actor。but，The original intention of the relatively political research is to point to the political phenomenon outside the country，and compare it with the political phenomenon of the country。But actually，Comparison political research has rarely involved its own politics，Instead, put the center on the study of political phenomena outside the country。Strictly speaking，Studies in the political fields of countries and regional political areas outside the country are comparative politics。Of course，Related research also needs to involve or introduce economics、Sociology、History、Philosophy and other disciplines、Theoretical and perspective。Compared with it，Regional countries study politics to countries and regions outside the country、Economy、Culture、History and other fields are based on more Bet365 lotto review intense and prominent interdisciplinary attributes and requirements。

other，The most important difference between comparative political research and regional countries is roughly two points。One is，Relatives of the regional country's research tend to focus on the facts within a country or region、Phenomenon、Features、Trend, etc.，Compared with politics, more emphasis on comparison and analysis of state or region，Seeking similarity beyond the specific country or region、Difference、Law。The second is，Relative to the fact that the regional country's research tends to tend to the facts within one country or region、Phenomenon、Features、Trends, etc.、Comprehensive、Fine、Complete Study、Understanding、Record、narrative,，Comparing politics and emphasizing the study of political phenomena of various countries and regions，Forms beyond specific countries and regions，Political issues and political phenomena are general、General、Political Science theory or theoretical discovery of extensive applicability and explanatory power。From the experience of the United States，Regional countries do not study more knowledge for the complexity of one country or region，Therefore。Compared with political research in recent years, emphasizing "science"，Emphasize the formation of discovery beyond specific countries and regions，Emphasize formation of theoretical discovery rather than the knowledge of specific facts and phenomena，A role that directly provides decision -making support for diplomacy and international work is relatively weak。

Comparison of political research support theoretical and methods of regional countries' research。Although the two are focusing on objects、Objective to the theory and knowledge construction、Research methods and other aspects are obvious differences，Comparison of political and regional countries still have a great mutual integration、Support each other、Space that is raised together。For example，Comparing politics can provide strong support for regional countries to study theoretical and methods。

First，Comparing politics is seeking beyond specific countries、Specific area、Research on Political Science theory of specific political and historical events。The theoretical results and existing theoretical discoveries formed in the political field，It can be a specific country for regional countries、Regional or a group of countries provides an important theoretical perspective，It helps regional countries to understand scholars' understanding of the research objects，instead of being confused by the phenomenon。Comparison political research For different countries worldwide、Different areas、Political phenomena of different historical stages and the coverage of political issues are very comprehensive，It is also conducive to regional countries to jump out of a single country or region or specific political phenomenon or political issue in the study，Therefore, it greatly expands my own research and analysis vision，Get a more keen analysis perspective。

Next，Comparative political science has formed a series of effective research methods and research design，This is a regional country researchers who can fully learn from、Use it for。Strictly speaking，This cannot be regarded as a unique characteristic or advantage of political science。Politics、Sociology、Social Sciences represented by international relations，Since the second half of the 20th century，Research method、Research Design、Methodism experienced very fast development，and many new changes have appeared in the past ten years。Comparison of political science, on the one hand, benefits from the progress of the overall methodology in the field of social sciences，On the other hand, it also combines the characteristics of its own research，Study on small sample cases、Process tracking and other research methods or the use of research design gradually mature。These research methods and research design，Activities for regional countries to study scholars' politics in various countries or regions、Economy、Widely used in social issues and phenomena。In fact，Many scholars engaged in regional countries，Most of them are in politics、Sociology、History and other disciplines received more sufficient methodology training。This aspect provides good conditions for scholars to engage in regional countries，On the other hand, it also prepares a common dialogue for regional countries' research and comparative political research、Cooperation、Mutual platform。

Therefore，For scholars for comparative politics and regional countries，The challenges are different。Comparing political scholars bet365 live casino games need to build theoretical construction in politics in the real world、Economy、Society、History、Comprehensive culture、Deep、Details above。In fact，Many comparative political research and empirical political studies in general sense，All exposed problems in this area -especially in the current political academic community, it is increasingly emphasizing theoreticalization、In the context of "scientific"，Research on a relatively political scholar often occurs the phenomenon of theoretical and model -specific historical situations and complex reality.。Compared with this is，Regional countries should avoid excessive sinking or only pay attention to a single country、A single region or a trap in the special characteristics of the country or region that the scholars study themselves。Regional country researchers should try dialogue with comparative political scholars and scholars studying other countries and regions。

The importance of the field of fields to regional countries and comparative politics。Current，The infrastructure construction of some regional countries in China seems to have been put on the agenda，If the museum of the country's research area is studied、Image Museum、Gategate、Database, etc.。Although this type of work will greatly help compare political research and regional countries' other research，However, young scholars who have regional countries and comparative political research still need to do long -term field work in the country or region of the research objects。This involves the problem of the existing doctoral training system in my country。In the existing doctoral students 3-4 years of academic system，Students are difficult to obtain support for scientific research funds on the one hand，On the other hand, there is no enough time，For a long period of field research abroad。In other words，In the doctoral training system of our country，Do not have the majority of doctoral students in the third world country and the countries or regions along the “Belt and Road” to conduct a long time (such as more than half a year) field research。This is a problem that the regional country's research and comparative development of political disciplines need to be resolved。It is on these issues，The knowledge community of comparative politics and regional countries should actively cooperate、Learn each other，Together to build a new knowledge system。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of International Relations and Public Affairs of Fudan University)

　　The structural equation model application in the regional country

　　◇ In the middle of the root

As a distinctive new discipline，Regional national learning is essentially cross -disciplinary，It is inseparable from the multi -disciplinary research method support，Research methods for a certain discipline are difficult to meet the demand for its vigorous development。and the construction of the structural equation model may better integrate the methods of each discipline，Provide comprehensive research ideas for regional national studies。

　　Structural equation model brief introduction

Structural equation model is a relationship model established based on the coordinated differential matrix of the independent variable and the causal relationship with the variable，It aims to explore the cause and effect between various variables、Adjustment effect、intermediary effects, etc.，As a result, a structural equation model is built on the relationship between complex variables，Clarify their complex causality，The solution to the problem provides a framework and solution that can be referenced。As an important multi -data research theory，Structural equation model can measure variables that are difficult to observe directly。These variables are not observed directly because of their failure，Therefore, the name is a potential variable，If you work enthusiasm、Learning interest、Learning motivation、Learning attitude、Cognitive load、Intelligence、Participation, etc.。Different variables refer to variables that can be observed directly，Such as English level and work results。The former can be directly observed in the form of the exam，The latter can be directly calculated by the method of piece counting。Traditional statistical methods cannot directly observe the potential variable，and the structural equation model can use the method of factor analysis to reliably measure these potential variables through display indicators，And the related relationship model related to the display of the variable，Provide convenient means and methods for the study of cross -disciplinary research。

　　The theoretical application of the structural equation model in the regional country

Structural equation model often comprehensively uses exploratory factor analysis、Verification Bet365 lotto review factor analysis、High -level factor analysis、path and cause and effect analysis、Multi -time design、Single models and multiple groups of research methods。The commonly used software is lisrel、AMOS、EQS、mplus、SmartPls, etc.。The construction of the structural equation model can be composed of two major blocks of measurement model and structural model。The former aims to explore the relationship between the potential variables and the indicator，Research the convergence validity of data through various statistical indicators、Structural effect、Content validity、Division and validity、Internal consistency, etc.，Provide statistical foundation for verification factor analysis。The construction of the structural model often focuses on the relationship matrix between the potential variable or the variable，Through visualization technology、Drawing Technology、Residual analysis、Parameter analysis、Reignity analysis and other statistical methods to construct structural equation model，and verify the fit of the model with various statistical indicators。

In the State Studies of the Regional State，Structural equation model research method can solve problems that traditional regression analysis cannot solve。The traditional regression analysis method cannot successfully solve the measurement of the potential variable and the error problem of its indicator，Unable to handle multiple cause variables，Multiple common linear problems that cannot be handled by independent variables，Can't measure the potential variable，such as happiness、Organizational identity、Learning ability, etc.。and the structural equation model handles multiple cause variables at the same time，Can measure the error of independent variables and due to variables，At the same time, estimate the factor structure and factor relationship，A allowable measuring model to allow greater elasticity，and estimate the degree of fitting of the entire model through multiple fit indicators。The synergy indicator includes but not limited to: standardized fitting index (NFI)、Irregular fitting index (NNFI)、Comparative fitting index (CFI)、Incremental fitting index (IFI)、Fitting superiority index (GFI)、Adjusted the fitting superiority index (AGFI)、Relative fitting index (RFI)、Different root residues (RMR)、approximately equity square root residual (RMSEA), etc.。These indicators can be used to measure the degree of fit between models and data。

　　The actual application of the structural equation model in the regional country

Specific to actual research，Researchers can based on the theory or related assumptions of the predecessors，Proposal one or several reasonable priority models，Design the corresponding questionnaire and collect data。Sample volume often needs to reach 50 times the total parameter。Subsequently test the relationship between the potential variable and the indicator，Establish a measurement model，​​Various data and indicators by adding or deletion or reorganization，Make its fit to the level recognized by the academic community。According to the research experience of the predecessors or the classic model，Draw the relationship between the potential variables or variables with the variable，Then enter related parameters，Select the relevant valuation method、Analysis attribute、Output indicator，Last calculation valuation、Output model、Test the fitness of the model、Correct the model until it reaches the academic community's recognized qualified standards。Another，When designing a questionnaire，Researchers can often design the last question as an open question。Participants can fill in their views on a certain question based on their subjective ideas。Researchers through a qualitative analysis method，Filter the topic，Refinement helps research，Consolidate the depth of research，A combination of qualitative and quantitative，Make up for the disadvantages and deficiencies brought by the pure quantitative or qualitative research methods。

If in economic activities，Researchers can explore a different degree of acceptance of a certain product around the world。If traditional research methods，Researchers may go to many countries，Visit the visitors one by one，Know the psychology of the visitors、Demand and suggestion，to summarize and analyze their needs and satisfaction with the product、Acceptance。At the same time，Researchers must also consider the cultural elements during the research process、Religious factors、Ethical issues, etc.，to ensure the reliability of the collected data。Use the structural equation model，Researchers can complete this research bet365 best casino games task without leaving home。

Researchers can first find a classic acceptance model based on the previous research，Then design the model based on this model for the model，Added deletion variables，Design or adaptation questionnaire。Through modern media，If you ask a platform such as Rolling Star，Researchers can send the survey questionnaire conveniently to the visitors，Please fill in it，After filling in, you can pay an appropriate amount of remuneration，Such a benign cycle，Researchers should be able to go well、It is convenient to collect the data you want。Researchers can design open topics，Please play freely，Write your own ideas freely and anonymously，Click to submit after filling in，Researchers can collect the corresponding data。So，Researchers saved a lot of travel expenses、Time，And can greatly expand your sample amount，Enhance the reliability and validity of the research results。Researchers can complete the time according to the questionnaire、Complete results、Option、Completed location、Data required for information selection of information such as the source of the visitors，Abandoning unqualified data，Make the model's fitting degree to academic requirements，to improve data quality，Enhance the reliability of the research results。

Researchers can innovate the classic model of predecessors，Build a model suitable for your own products，By adding or deleting variables，Build a product suitable for your own、Culture、Structural equation models of customs and habits。Researchers will have a complex causal relationship、Due to interpersonal relationships、Diverse influencing factors fused in a structural equation model，Visualized display in product manufacturers、Seller、In front of the cultural communicationman，Make them count in their hearts when promoting the product，Some targeted，to achieve the effect of half the effort，Continuously increase the acceptance of the product，Constantly promoting excellent Chinese culture，Constantly improving my country's soft power，Laying a good theoretical and practical foundation for the construction of the "Belt and Road"。At the same time，Researchers can also understand the psychological activity of the visitors through an open question，Anonymous filling can make the visitors write down their true thoughts without worry，Avoid the anxiety and tension caused by face to face，Improve the authenticity of the data。

Regional Guoxue as a new cross -disciplinary discipline，Involved history、Literature、Economy、Politics and other areas，Its research method should not be a single。In addition to the structural equation model，Video analysis、discourse analysis、Text analysis、behavioral analysis, etc. can also become effective methods。Researchers should adapt to local conditions，Flexible disposal，Select the research method that is most suitable for specific situations。When adopting a structural equation model research method，Researchers may also face many unexpected situations，If the visitor refuses to fill in the questionnaire、Failure of network transmission data, etc.。This requires researchers to design multiple research filing in a complex international environment，Facing calmly、Solve the sudden accident。

　　(The author is a professor at the Department of Foreign Languages ​​University of Beijing Language University)