August 2023,The 15th BRICS leaders’ meeting was held in Johannesburg, South Africa,The meeting attracted new members,And proposed a new global bet365 sportsbook review concept,This highlights the collective efforts of countries in the Global South to seek common bet365 sportsbook review。current,A new international bet365 sportsbook review community is constantly being shaped,This process depends on whether the BRICS mechanism can breed a new international bet365 sportsbook review knowledge system。In other words,The reconstruction of bet365 sportsbook review knowledge is the core issue of the times in international bet365 sportsbook review cooperation and governance in the 21st century,It will determine how we imagine bet365 sportsbook review、How to deal with the relationship between national bet365 sportsbook review and international bet365 sportsbook review,In turn affecting the future of global bet365 sportsbook review。
The crisis of traditional bet365 sportsbook review knowledge and the “invalidity” of international bet365 sportsbook review consensus
bet365 sportsbook review of knowledge is a hidden thread supporting the global governance structure,It is both a historical construction,It is also a historical practice。Reviewing the history of "bet365 sportsbook review",After humans enter modern society,The concepts of pursuing “progress” and “bet365 sportsbook review” are deeply embedded in the fabric of the entire human society,Thus becoming a social law as important as "earth gravity" among natural laws。As American political scientist Wallerstein said,Attention to bet365 sportsbook review issues is a major invention of social science research in the 19th and 20th centuries,It is precisely because of this invention,A binary relationship between the "North" with Europe and the United States as the center and the "South" with the developing countries as the periphery has gradually been established,In turn, it affects the setting of international bet365 sportsbook review concepts and the formulation of bet365 sportsbook review policies。
Specifically,Since World War II,From a bet365 sportsbook review concept centered on economic growth to a bet365 sportsbook review concept centered on people,Back to the economy、Society、The comprehensive and diversified bet365 sportsbook review concept of environment and other aspects continues to evolve;Meanwhile,Focus on national GDP growth,To focus on the complexity of poverty,To emphasize the effectiveness of the national governance system, etc.,The policy focus of international bet365 sportsbook review is also changing。It needs to be pointed out,Long time,The core power that drives the operation of the big machine of "bet365 sportsbook review" mainly comes from northern countries,Setting of its agenda、Use of words、Organizational coordination、A series of knowledge establishments such as financial investment also mainly come from multilateral and bilateral organizations led by northern countries、Academic research institutions and social forces。
But this system of bet365 sportsbook review knowledge, which is traditionally based on the separation of North and South, is facing unprecedented challenges,Mainly reflected in the following four aspects。First,The operation of the "bet365 sportsbook review" community and the accumulation of bet365 sportsbook review knowledge are fundamentally based on the economic strength of the dominant country,And this foundation is being shaken。Second,China、India、Brazil、After decades of bet365 sportsbook review in South Africa and other BRICS countries,Not only has accumulated abundant bet365 sportsbook review resources、bet365 sportsbook review experience,And established institutions such as the New bet365 sportsbook review Bank、New bet365 sportsbook review platforms such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank,The diverse bet365 sportsbook review mechanisms and bet365 sportsbook review path choices of these countries based on their own culture and history have become important sources of new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge,Thus raising demands for improvement of traditional bet365 sportsbook review knowledge。Third,Existing international bet365 sportsbook review norms create a lock-in effect,About the vulnerability agenda、Environmental Agenda、High standards such as the gender agenda continue to reinforce themselves,Despite occupying the ethical high ground,But to a certain extent, it ignores the diversity of bet365 sportsbook review concepts and differences in bet365 sportsbook review stages of different developing countries around the world,Thus leading to the rigidity of traditional bet365 sportsbook review knowledge。Fourth,The international bet365 sportsbook review consensus is bankrupt,Under the influence of polarized politics,Global bet365 sportsbook review governance entities have lost trust in each other,bet365 sportsbook review issues are increasingly marginalized,The traditional bet365 sportsbook review community is constantly dissolving。
Reconstruction of new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge
Current,Academic circles are calling for a new type of bet365 sportsbook review research theory oriented to the 21st century。This kind of reconstruction is fundamentally a two-way rush of the global bet365 sportsbook review intellectual community、Check each other、The process of co-construction of each other,At the same time, it has become a field where multiple viewpoints debate and compete with each other。
1st,Calling for a move from international bet365 sportsbook review to global bet365 sportsbook review knowledge,This shows that the problems of bet365 sportsbook review are not unique to southern countries,Northern countries are also facing increasingly complex bet365 sportsbook review problems,Global bet365 sportsbook review solutions and knowledge are not only concentrated in northern countries,Southern countries also have rich bet365 sportsbook review plans and experiences。This “problem-solution” multi-party perspective challenges the current single North-South aid relationship。
Second,In the past five years,UK、A large number of researchers in Germany and other countries have begun to consciously refer to decolonization research again,And then constantly reflect on one’s own role in knowledge production、Colonization ideas in various fields such as knowledge dissemination。Further reflection on this continued colonial relationship by the Western bet365 sportsbook review intellectual community,Has spawned various re-decolonization studies,Thus providing new possibilities for the reconstruction and exploration of new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge。
Third,Since the mid-1990s,The international bet365 sportsbook review academic community is beginning to realize the multiple meanings of bet365 sportsbook review,That is, "big bet365 sportsbook review" that focuses on bet365 sportsbook review intervention and "small bet365 sportsbook review" that focuses on the changes in society itself,And in the past ten years, we have paid more and more attention to the relationship between "big" and "small" bet365 sportsbook review,This provides the possibility for developed and developing countries to have different understandings of "bet365 sportsbook review"。As researchers gradually shift their understanding of bet365 sportsbook review to developing countries,Translational research on “big” and “small” bet365 sportsbook review has also begun to become more and more important,That is, how to use aid resources as a catalyst to enhance the inherent bet365 sportsbook review momentum of developing countries,This also promotes the transformation of the international bet365 sportsbook review system from aid effectiveness to bet365 sportsbook review effectiveness in terms of policy。Meanwhile,Whether it is a United Nations multilateral organization,Or the OECD bet365 sportsbook review Assistance Committee,Both are paying more and more attention to the voice of South-South cooperation practice and knowledge in the construction of the international bet365 sportsbook review knowledge system。
Fourth,From the perspective of the developing countries themselves,In recent years, we have also more consciously promoted the process of building new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge。Although the history of South-South cooperation is as old as that of North-South cooperation,But for a long time,Due to limited resources,It is difficult to establish a unified database like the North and South International bet365 sportsbook review,Preparing specifications、Efforts in monitoring evaluation and common language are also relatively limited,Therefore,The bet365 sportsbook review concept based on the bet365 sportsbook review history and culture of developing countries、Lack of extensive understanding and exploration of concepts and bet365 sportsbook review cooperation policies。Since entering the new century,This situation is gradually changing,More and more countries in the Global South are beginning to pay attention to the core role of discourse systems and knowledge systems,This also provides fundamental motivation for the reconstruction of new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge。
Summary of China’s experience
As the largest developing country in the world,China took the lead in achieving the poverty reduction goal in the United Nations Sustainable bet365 sportsbook review Goals,At the same time, the “One Belt, One Road” initiative was proposed、“Three Major Initiatives”,Whether it is domestic bet365 sportsbook review,Still in the field of overseas bet365 sportsbook review,China is actively promoting the reconstruction of new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge,Proposed a refined bet365 sportsbook review theory based on China’s vivid bet365 sportsbook review practice、Tell Chinese stories well、Building China’s independent knowledge system,This provides rich soil for the nurturing of new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge,Specifically reflected in the following three aspects。
1st,Summarizing China’s domestic bet365 sportsbook review and poverty reduction experience is an important source of knowledge innovation for new bet365 sportsbook review。Chinese-style modernization has the common characteristics of modernization in all countries,There are also distinctive characteristics based on its own national conditions,Through multi-subject exploration and diversified expressions of Chinese modernization,Empirical elements related to China’s bet365 sportsbook review can be displayed more abundantly。Research on China’s bet365 sportsbook review experience from the early days on the Chinese model、Discussion on the Beijing Consensus,Gradually transitioning to today’s Chinese experience and Chinese practical narrative。These experiences involve how to deal with government at the macro level、The relationship between market and society,Also involved in agricultural transformation、Industrialization、bet365 sportsbook review of small and medium-sized enterprises and reform of state-owned enterprises、Infrastructure construction,And specific experiences in various fields such as how to use foreign capital。
Second,China’s overseas bet365 sportsbook review practice has accumulated rich new knowledge elements and communication channels for international bet365 sportsbook review,These are also important mechanisms for China to contribute new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge。The “Going Out” strategy has been implemented since the late 1990s,Especially since the “Belt and Road” initiative was proposed,China’s bet365 sportsbook review practitioners are exposed to the colorful world of others,This has, to a certain extent, broadened the perspective of Chinese social science researchers in examining themselves and the external world,And in the mutual reference and review through "self-other",Continuously open up new imaginations of new bet365 sportsbook review and bet365 sportsbook review cooperation models。
Third,The roles and functions of multiple subjects are crucial in the process of new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge construction,Whether it is the intellectual circles of northern countries,Still the intellectual circles of southern countries,In fact, there are efforts to explore and build new bet365 sportsbook review research theories,But can they overcome geopolitical barriers,Carry out effective dialogue,It remains to be seen whether new elements of knowledge will emerge。In the context of today’s rising global common challenges,Whether it can respond to the common risks of today’s human society、Promoting common bet365 sportsbook review has also become a key orientation of new bet365 sportsbook review knowledge,This further promotes the shift of today's academic circles from the international bet365 sportsbook review knowledge system to the global bet365 sportsbook review knowledge system。
(This article is part of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on the Model and Strategies for Effectively Sharing Poverty Reduction Experience between China and Belt and Road Countries” (21&ZD180) phased results)
(The author is a professor at the School of Humanities and bet365 sportsbook review/School of International bet365 sportsbook review and Global Agriculture, China Agricultural University;Professor of School of Humanities and bet365 sportsbook review/School of International bet365 sportsbook review and Global Agriculture, China Agricultural University)
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