"Versailles System" and "Washington System" often refer to "Versailles -Washington System"，But the two are both connected and different。The Versailles system is mainly based on the disposal of the victor，It has obvious nature of dividing the stolen stolenum; the Washington system is the result of adjusting the relationship between the victorious countries，With obvious hegemony nature。

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January to June 1919，The victory over the First World War and the defeated country held a "Peace Conference" in Paris。The meeting advertises the permanent peace of the world through 媾 媾，Actually the imperialist victory over the country to assign war stolen goods、Re -divide the world、Conference to plan against the Soviet Russian Revolution and the National Liberation Movement。The powers have launched fierce competition around the issue of Germany and the distribution of interests and interests，and signed a virtue in Versailles Palace in the suburbs of Paris。The Chinese delegation proposed to recover Germany in Jiaozhou Bay, China、All the special rights of the Jiaoji Railway and Shandong; and Japan actually demands to transfer these privileges to it，Get British and French support，The United States finally turned to Japan。The Chinese delegation finally refused to sign on the peace treaty。Versailles and Testament have signed by Austria in Austria、Bulgaria、Hungary、Türkiye's peacekeeper in Paris，It constitutes the post -war powers in Europe、West Asia、The order of rule in Africa，The so -called Versailles system。

Paris and the Versailles system established by Paris，temporarily adjusted the relationship between imperialist victory over Bet365 app download the West，But their contradictions in Asia and the Pacific are still very sharp。Under the initiative of the United States，November 1921 to February 1922，Mei、Ying、Day、​​Portuguese、Italia、Lotus、Bi、​​Portuguese、China Nine Kingdoms held a meeting in Washington，The official agenda involves restrictions on military backbone issues and the Pacific and Far East issues。The meeting has signed the Treaty of the Four Kingdoms, the Five Kingdoms Navy Agreement, and the "Nine Kingdoms Convention" mainly involved in China。The Chinese Beiyang Government proposed ten principles to solve the problem of Chinese problems，Among them, the requirements for recovering Shandong's sovereignty，Mei、British don’t want to let Japan dominate China，Support China as a requirement; the United States also takes advantage of the "portal openness、Equal opportunities "Principles，Try to gradually exclude the day、British power in China。The essence of the Nine Kingdoms Convention is to establish imperialism in China "Portal Open、Equal opportunities "Principles，Turning China into an object of the common slaughter of the powers，It reflects the continuous expansion of the United States and crowded in the United States、Day，Policy intention to seek the advantage in China。Washington Conference is the development and supplement of the Paris peace conference，It marks the great victory of American diplomacy，Reflects a new pattern of comparison of the strength comparison of the background in the Far East and the Pacific region，Established the rule of imperialism in the region，The so -called Washington System。

Versailles -Washington System through the Paris Harmony and Washington Conference，It is the re -arrangement of the world system and world order under the leadership of capitalism after the World War I.，It is the strength of the powers based on the strength of each other，bet365 live casino games After fierce struggle，Adjust each other's relationship，Re -divide the world，Continue to slavery the power political system of the colonial semi -colonial people。

　Versailles -Washington SystemThe reason for the disintegration

Versailles -Washington System, although the contradiction between the capitalist world can be temporarily adjusted，But it cannot eliminate the fundamental interest conflict between the powers，It is even impossible to solve the contradiction between imperialism and colonial semi -colonial countries。The "20 -year crisis" or "20 -year truce" period between the two World War，This system and order gradually disintegrate，Finally moved to a new、greater World War。

From the perspective of historical materialism，The root cause of the collapse of Versailles -Washington system is the imbalance of imperialist political and economic development。War or union between modern capitalist countries，Depending on the development of the development of the world capitalist system。When the contradictions and conflicts between different interest countries or national groups become unavailable，War is unavoidable; and when the war endangers the foundation and stability of the system itself，then a relative union must be performed，new arrangements for the system; in order to stabilize their respective domestic political and economic order，It is also necessary to strengthen cooperation。

The Versailles system itself is the product of the "divide stolen" compromise between the victors，It allows France，It guarantees Britain's hegemony in the Mediterranean and the Middle East，strengthened Japan's status in the Far East，strengthened Japan's status in the Far East，Disputes and conflicts are brewing between the victors。A positive promoter of the Paris peace association，The United States has not achieved the expected goal of its leading international affairs，Finally refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles，Do not participate bet365 Play online games in the International Alliance。The Washington system is both the result of the rise of the United States' position，It is also an important condition for the continuous expansion of its global influence since then。

Several main treaties are extremely harsh on the defeat country，His hatred between the defeat and the victorious country、contradictions are intensified，Especially the spread of post -war nationalism and revengeism in Germany，Give fascism to take advantage of the opportunity，Laipan major hidden dangers for the war。

This system also deepen the contradiction between imperialism and the oppressed nation。Paris peace will not only reject the Soviet Union，It also became a tool for anti -Soviet Communist Party。The victory of the country is advertised as the principle of national self -determination to deal with territorial issues，In fact, just act according to your own needs。Unreasonable territorial division，As a result, many new ethnic contradictions have been produced within many countries in Central Europe，Eventually the Central European and European "European Griful Barrels"; the improper treatment of the colonial problem also triggered the national liberation movement of the colonial semi -colony。

As for the International Alliance，As the first international organization in history，Although its purpose is to maintain world peace、Solving the dispute peacefully、Prevent war from getting back，But in practice, it is completely reduced to a political tool for defeating the country，Mainly from English、The European powers in the decline in the decline are to maintain，The Soviet Union and the United States, which are rising on both sides of the east and west sides, have not been able to participate in and play a role。This also shows，This system is still a traditional mode centered on Europe，Can't fully reflect the reality and development trend of the international system。

　　Revelation of reality

Bet365 lotto review Back to the history of the rise and fall of Versailles -Washington system，At least the following points can be obtained。

First，International architecture, that is, international power comparison often determines the nature of international order。The emergence of Versailles -Washington system，It shows the international political concept and power and political reality of weak meat and strong food。The demise of the system and the post -World War II international order，It is also a product of architecture changes，Reflected the new reality of the global pattern，And the region is wider，Member more diverse，More value，is a real global system。

2，Stability of international order，In addition to depending on the balance of international power structure，It also depends on its fairness and rationality。Can't reflect the common interests of the international community，Unexplained by a few countries、Unreasonable international power order is difficult to maintain long -term stability，The peace built by its construction can only be a short -term peace。

Third，For China，The deepest lesson is: under the order of power，Fighting if you are behind，Development can there be a way out。Modern Chinese slaughter、Benefits from humiliation，is the result of superposition of internal and external factors。Revitalization of the old nation，Internal anxiety and external prevention must be handled together; but the fundamental，Relying on self -esteem、Self -strong and independent，Advanced thought、Politics order、Advanced thought，Lack of one cannot。

Fourth，The content and nature of the current international order or the international order after World War II is more complicated。Based on the political security order of international legal documents such as the Cairo Declaration "and" Potsdam Announcement ", and based on the purpose and principles of the United Nations Charter、bet365 best casino games International standards and international mechanisms with the United Nations as the core，It has quite extensive representativeness and reasonableness，It should be maintained。But there are some ingredients，Especially based on the long -term strength advantage of the West、The so -called "free international order" that can be strengthened during the Cold War，Still with obvious "center -peripheral" dual -dual color，Can not fully reflect the international situation and development needs of developing countries。In other words，Today's international order and global governance system needs to be further improved，Western center status in the modern international system faces the situation that may be broken for the first time，New and Old Power、The game of the concept of new and old order is increasing，The future of the international system and international order is full of various contradictions、Crisis and huge uncertainty。

Fifth，More fair and reasonable international order and global governance system，Not only depends on the major adjustment and reasonable reorganization of the power structure of the international system，It also depends on the reform and progress of the ideas of international order。Only the former，Jungle rules and power and political strange circles that cannot get rid of weak meat and strong food; only the latter，If the water has no water。Fundamental speaking，The ideal pursuit of human beings，A fair and reasonable international order，The basis of its power lies in the balancedization of the power structure of the international system，This first means to break the status of the Western center，Make different civilizations、Different social models can get along equally、Harmonious symbiosis; its ideological basis lies in the general enhancement of the consciousness of human "destiny community"，The new concept of international order that reflects the common interests of human Bet365 lotto review beings and the common value, as well as the corresponding institutional specifications to become a general consensus and behavioral standards for the international community。

　　(The author is the director of the Asia -Pacific Development Research Center of Nanjing University、Professor)