The "Zun Sheng Eight Bitents" edited by Gao Yan in the Ming Dynasty is a great book of Chinese literati，It is also a strange book。The most strange and rare part of it，It is its reference and compilation of a lot of health documents and related theories.，Also attributed to a distinguished system with a clear main purpose。19th volume of the whole book，Can be attributed to eight notes: "Clear Realm", "Four Osh Tunes", "Living An Anle Book", "Extension of the Diseases", "Drinking the Fun", "Yan Xian Qing Jian", "Spirit", "Spirit" Mysterious Dan Yao Guide "" "Dust Outside"。According to Zhao Lixun and others, the school note made by "Zun Sheng Eight Books"，It can be seen that Gao Yan was editing the book，At least more than 400 kinds of documents before the Ming Dynasty。Gao Yan could have such a reading amount at that time，It is inseparable from his wealthy family and the rich collection of books。Wang Daokun mentioned in the epitaphs made by Gao Yan's father，"And Shenfu (Gao Zi) Born，Gai Zhi's past talent。Building a collection room next to it，Storage of ancient books，It is the building on it "。It can be seen that Gao Yan was born in a specialized library，When growing up, pay particular attention to continuously purchasing medical books，This is an important realistic basis that can be born in the healthy book "Zun Yansheng Eight Books"。

Although the compilation of the "Zun Sheng Eight Books"、Miscellaneous more，But if it talks about its essence，Then there is no him，The word "idle" is just the word。Of course，Popular perspective，The main purpose of this book, Bet365 lotto review as the name suggests，Respect for life、Health is the main purpose。Health is certainly its theme and settlement，But if there is no "leisure" as the bottom，The theory of the emperor's health of the book will only be generally talked about。Actually，For this meaning，Gao Yan made a seemingly understatement at the beginning of "Yan Xian Qing Yanyou"，In fact, the meaning is profound:

　　Holbers of the heart，No arms in the body，​​Avoiding the name，Shun Shi'an，The world is called leisure。And the idle gangster corpses live in meat，The predicate of doing nothing。俾 博 樗，Is the gentleman expensive? Knowing leisure can raise sex，You can please heart，You can live in life，Schide Qi Qi。

From the perspective of Gao Yan，"Nourishment", "Yuexin", "Yisheng Anshou"，that is, the pursuit of health in the popular sense，In fact, it can be achieved by "idle"。and what is "idle"，The previous sentence is actually an implicit answer: "，No arms in the body，​​Avoiding the name，Shun Shi'an。"The four layers of meaning in this sentence，It is "defined" from the four dimensions that "idle"，The dimension of the heart、The dimension of the body、negative dimensions and positive dimensions。These four dimensions are concise and profound，The author here is called the "Leisure" of the "Leisure"。

"Heartless Hunting"，Is the minds of mind and leisure。Hunter，is driven horse hunting。This is physical exercise，Why do you describe your mind here? This kind of connection can be traced back to the "Tao Te Ching" "Gallowing and Hunting，Crazy "。Direct association is because of strenuous exercise when hunting or hunting，Easy to ride the mind，The so -called "heartbroken"。Deeper association，This behavior itself，It is bet365 Play online games a fierce and deliberately hunting prey，That is a behavior of "fastening foreign objects"。Through the internalization of material to the psychological, it is necessary for things，Often manifested as the desire to win and defeat、possessive，is the biggest enemy of "idle"。With this mentality，If there is no leisure。This helps us reflect，The so -called leisure activities of the current daily life，Is it really "idle"。

For example，What people say daily，Just get rid of the compulsory working state。After getting rid of the shackles of work，Some leisure activities that people engage in，Whether it is the middle -aged and elderly people who play cards and play mahjong，Still playing video games for teenagers，Outstanding manifestations as "Hunter Labor"，All with strong desire to win and defeat。Rao is a square dance、Writing and painting and other leisure activities，If you are drawn in the winner or from the group，It is necessary to run "。Material life in society is already rich、The increase in statutory holidays today，It is relatively easy to get rid of the busy state of work; but how to break free of psychological busy，I can really get idle、Leisure，Instead, because of more desires and temptations，and become a subject that should be examined。

"The Battle of the body without arms"，Is the physical dimension and leisure。The word "holding arm" should come from the idiom "holding yellow arms"，The yellow dog、Armor Goshawk，Original meaning is describing hunting，Later extended to chase the metaphor of fame and fortune。You can see，The "Holding Arm" and the previous "Hunter" synonym，Actually it is a relationship between interconnection。Heart and the cognition of the ancients are by Bet365 lotto review no means a binary division，Instead of physical and mental integration。The reason why we use heart、Two dimensions of the body are divided into discussing，Just for the convenience of explanation。Perhaps because the term "holding arm" highlights physical behavior，Therefore, Gao Yan is also used to express the physical factors that make people unwilling。The core of this expression，It is to oppose the body of the body because of chasing foreign objects，instead of opposing all behaviors that make your body do or even tired。This is also consistent with the physical condition in leisure that people think of the daily life。

Especially in today's cultural consciousness such as "house" and "lying flat"，Should reflect on the physical condition of leisure。Whether it is "house" or "lying flat"，All point out to the body's closedness and staticness，But this state is just the superficial "idle"，It may not be really idle inside，It is even more likely to be the "corpse living meat that Gao Yan criticized hundreds of years ago，Nothing to do "status。Contrary to，If you are engaged in what you love，So，The strenuous exercise of the body is just a sense of pleasure in gain，Even the fatigue on the body is also a kind of happy fatigue，This is the state of body and mind that is not trapped by foreign objects，It is also the real "leisure"。At this time，The body is not a "holding arm" type of service，Instead of returning to the state of being used by our own life; or，At this time, we are our body itself，"Use" is "ontology"。

"Avoiding Fleeing" is the negative dimension of "idle"。Actually，"Leisure" often comes from a kind of helplessness for secular merits，or even a negative resistance。This dimension has become a contemporary contemporary in pursuit bet365 Play online games of leisure and personal freedom，Often is neglected。For the sake of Gao Yan，He paid a great effort to edit "Zun Sheng Eight Books"，There are also reasons for his personal body and life encounters。

Gao Yan as the only child born late for his father，Born to be weak，and also suffer from eye disease。He described himself in "Lingli Dan Yao Guide": "Yu Youzhu，Reunion 瞆 Eye，Talk about Doctor。My home guest tour，Lu Feng Fang Shi，靡，Two Schiko secret medicine，Ji Ji Ying Roll。"Tu Long also mentioned in his preface:" Tiger Lin's deep father，学，Jian Xuanlang。Shaoying Disease，There is a worry -free life，Dating Lake and Sea，Consultation Taoist，Duo Zhexia Editor Yun Di，Secret Ceremony forbidden Fang。"is exactly because of the worries about your body and the mission to the family inheritance，Gao Yan has a strong interest in the medical pharmacopoeia and health methods。

other，On the road to imperial examinations that was extremely valued by the literati at that time，Gao Yan not only tried it repeatedly，It is also because of the imperial examinations that they cannot accompany the wife's death; later, the father -in -law will wait for the official，However, during this period, the pain of the funeral father。So for Gao Yan，Bring all kinds of pain，Bring all kinds of pain，So he sighed in "Four Times Removal, Autumn Roll · Autumn Awards"。It should be admitted，"Leisure" is indeed helpless、The negative dimension of retreating;，In fact, it provides people’s life experience and value recognition with a comfortable settlement。

"Shun Shi'an" is the positive dimension of "idle"。This dimension is often manifested as the realm of life admired by Chinese classical aesthetics，It is an inevitable requirement for the cultivation of bet365 live casino games life in the world。At this point，Confucianism and Taoism have a common pursuit，And there are similar leisure aesthetic words。Confucianism said "No Entry and Unhappy"，"Xiaoyao No Want" admired by Taoist houses，and the "Sui Yun Ren Yun" in the Buddhist house，All the same as "Shun Shi'an"。In this dimension，"Leisure" is manifested as a kind of high value leader。For the ideal "idle"，Most of the poems in the poems of Gao Yan，If "Feng Jinsong · Xianyi Ten Ten End · Qi Qi":

　　Green placket delay for ten years，Corporation of the Universe。Han Mo Xu is a lake and sea guest，Qianjin Shiqi Lottery。Voly and watch landscape，Disagreement of Manchuqin Book。Tired short hair combing，Destroyer。Learn Stealing and Learning Lazy，Xiao Ranwu outside leisure。How can Jianye drink water，Wuchang does not envy more fish。

Like many previous generations，After the vicissitudes of life，Gao Yan will be regarded as "lost" for the career of the lake and sea for the career of the fame，"Living outside" as the fundamental and destination of life; here，"Leisure" is no longer a retreat for helplessness，but the ultimate value beyond the world。

Overview of "Zun Sheng Eight Books"，Four Righteousness of "Leisure" without outside。If you make a display for the four dimensions of the "leisure" here，、Delivery on the body、Right，Positive、Negative dimensions are divided into、Xia。Taking these Quartet as a model，You can also accommodate the huge content system of "Zunsheng Eight Bituts": "Clear Miao Dukens", "Four Osh Tunes", "Yan Xian Qingjian", "Dust Outside", focusing on the dimension of the heart，"Living Anle Book", "Extended Nian Diseases", "Drinking the Food and Food", "Ling Secret Dan Yao Guide" is biased in the dimension Bet365 app download of the body;，Those who have a dimension of the body are more defensive meaning。Speech，These square universes are actually where the ancient Chinese literati represented by Gao Yan settle down: Between physical and mental、Affordable in advance，and stop at the best。

(Author Unit: Institute of Art Education, Hangzhou Normal University)