Diplomacy of diplomatic etiquette in the early stages of Chinese and Britain
November 10, 2023 11:14 Source: "China Social Sciences" November 10, 2023 Author: Wang Kaixi

At the end of July 1816,The Ameise envoy of the UK arrives at Haikou, Tianjin。Qing government officials send a large number of rice noodles as an example、Cow Yang、Vegetables, etc.,and ask the purpose of the group to come to China。The British said that "the main purpose of the group to make the group is to consolidate and strengthen the friendship and cooperation between the two countries"。Qing government officials have doubts about this,I once again asked "Is there any other purpose",The British did not tell the truth。The Qing government at the time thought,Since the British come to China for the "friendship" of the two countries,So when the British envoy sees the Emperor Jiaqing,Should be three knees and nine gifs,Exercise and exercise in advance,To ensure the correct gift in front of the emperor。Since then,Chinese and Britain's ambassadors around the United Kingdom should deal with the question of the Qing Emperor's three knees and nine rituals,Many obvious and more obvious negotiations and controversy occurred。

August 13,Qing government minister Su Leng Er,Having a banquet at the Gate of Tianjin Taoist Gate to entertain the British envoy。Su Leng Er and others said to the British envoy,"The entertainment banquet is the emperor's feast",So,The British "should express your gratitude through a hoe,This is an indispensable etiquette "。Ameishide resolutely refuses to do this great Bet365 app download gift,He said,I wait for China,The inside of the emperor of the Qing Dynasty "disappoints"。but,"The British Geely's Ceremony and the Heaven cannot be similar"。In the UK,Every "encounter the noble official,Said crown Gongli,Sitail;,Kneel knee,Low your head; as the position of the king,免,Sitill,is a great gift "。Su Leng End said to them: "Both know and respect,Self -depending on the same gift。”

The British envoy is worried about the beginning of the force,That is,Not willing to damage the dignity of the British monarch due to diplomatic etiquette,Therefore, it is claimed: "British Geely's foreign appearance,Although not the same as the heavenly dynasty,Respect in the heart, one ",For the etiquette requirements of the Qing government,"Nothing to follow。”

Su Leng Er and other repeated enlightenment,British envoys also repeatedly argued,The final result is,This feast is facing the time of Xie En,Chinese and British officials act according to their etiquette。Qing officials kneel down and nine;,Jiu Bai,Nine bowed,Horizon: "When you see the emperor,Wish to free crown,September 1,September 1。”

But,Although the problem of Xie Xien is perfunctory,Obricated the past,But the problem has not been solved。After the banquet is over,Su Leng Er and others have to discuss the etiquette of the Emperor Qing Emperor with Ameisde and others。Ameisde said,He can only kneel on one knee and kiss the hand,This gift can be repeated nine times。The gift he thinks he does,There are almost no differences between the requirements of Su Leng Er and others,Different is just "Kneeling Bet365 app download with one leg instead of two legs kneel,The range of low head is not as deep as them (Qing court officials) "。Su Leng Er and others are worried that Emperor Qing may be "dissatisfied" for this etiquette,But it still seems to recognize Ying envoy "Nine kneeling and one knee,Jiuyi Lowing "觐 觐,Then played Emperor Jiaqing that day。Emperor Jiaqing is very angry,Chuanzi strictly referred to Su Leng Er。

August 16,Su Leng Er and others, the ships that are taken by the heroic envoys are moored in Cai Village, Wuqing County。Qing government officials Zhang Wuwei and others were ordered to explain to Abel and others,Minister Su Leng Ejiao, etc.,The Emperor Qing Dynasty "Nine kneeling and one knee,Nine -1 俯 is very unhappy,Requires the British envoy to the three knees and nine rituals proposed by the Qing government,"Just answer consent or disagree"。The British Embassy "agree to salute,Keep moving forward ",Otherwise,Return to Britain immediately。

August 17,Su Leng Er and others personally "enlighten layers of Ameiside,Energy and show,Energy and show,Try to quote metaphors,Let him exercise three kneeling and nine rituals "。Ameisde said,I "come from overseas,I dare not save a little disrespectful heart ",But "dare not change the country's etiquette",Otherwise,After returning to China in the future,The British King must "take the crime of waiting for me to wait",Refuse。

Qing government officials "from morning to noon",Repeated negotiation,Last British envoy said: "Kneel knee,The gift of a first bowed ",It is the envoy of our country.,Equipment from nothing ",Now "Wish to add nine Bet365 lotto review times",That is to say,The British envoy agreed to kneel with nine knees,The gift of nine 1 觐 see Emperor Jiaqing。Su Leng End, I believe: "Nine kneeling and one knee,September 1,Kneeling and Jiuli Gift,Different investigations ",Still requires the British envoy to "follow the three kneeling and nine 叩" gifts 觐。

Ameisde retreats as a retreat,Strugging to claim,If the Qing government believes "nine kneeling and one knee、Nine 1,"Not like the gift of China",So,British envoys can "kneel on knee,Three leaning,Three times,Kneeling and Jiuli Gift,Similar similar photos "。That day,Su Leng Er and others play this situation to Emperor Jiaqing。

Emperor Jiaqing received this report,Extremely dissatisfied,I wanted to return the British envoy immediately,But the boat taken by the British envoy,August 13th has left Jin to Guangdong,Immediately returned to the British envoy, there are certain realistic difficulties。For this,Emperor Jiaqing went to Tongzhou in Tongzhou on August 17,Fate that he explained to the British ambassador with his personal opinion, "The Chinese system is based on the gift of three knees and nine 叩"。Qianlong 58 years,British envoys have also followed three knees and nine rituals。"As for the envoys of the Essence, after returning to China,What kind of etiquette to do to inform King Er,I do n’t ask if I do n’t ask the heavenly dynasty ”。The Qing government hopes to pass the "repeated enlightenment" by Hetai and others,Can "make the ministers respect and follow,Back to Jingchengli,Most Beautiful "。

I do n’t know that He Shitai and others are Bet365 app download to cater to the psychology of satisfying the vanity self -esteem of Emperor Jiaqing,Still agreeing with the British envoy "three knees and one knee、Nine 1 Gift,Mistake is considered to be a uncomfortable three kneeling and nine rituals,Or is it intentionally obscured,After receiving the order of Emperor Jiaqing,Actually on August 24,Semantic Modeling Reporting to the government said,He is leading the British envoy drilling etiquette,Just so far,"The etiquette and other etiquettes of the tributary have not yet been like the instrument"。

Perhaps it is because of the semantics such as He Shitai and other people's semantics,The Emperor Qing Emperor had a misunderstanding of the British envoy had agreed to go to the three knees and nine rituals。August 25,Emperor Jiaqing ordered He Shitai and others,The British and its envoys "Remaining in the barren,Its etiquette in China,Originally unable to converge。At this time, the tribute to the tribute to the three knees and nine 叩,Between Kneeling,A little bit of being rusty,No deep responsibility "。At that time, Emperor Jiaqing was extremely contradictory and tangled,He thinks,Reunioned by Ying envoy returned to China,But doing this,It is the next policy,Both the British envoys have no light on the face,The Qing government itself is not glorious。"In short,It is better to return it as it is ",Greek is going to happen。

On the morning of August 29,He Shitai and others lead Ameisde and his party to reach outside the Yuanmingyuan Gate。At this time,Emperor Jiaqing has been promoted to the temple,Demand calls to the British envoy。But Ameisde "with extreme bet365 best casino games fatigue,The dress is not prepared,Especially on the grounds of not carrying a national book,Refuse to go "。Speaking of the gift of worship,Go to the sleeves。

Primary Interchange of China and Britain,interrupted due to diplomatic etiquette disputes。During the development of human history,The imbalance of development and social system will inevitably present the development of development between various countries、Cultural tradition、Differences in the concept of value。Before the 18th century,The difference between the differences between Eastern and Western countries,Let people have reason to treat them as two worlds with completely different。1816 Ameise envoy came to China,China and Britain are out of their national interests、Historical tradition、Considering the concept of value,Put forward their respective diplomatic requirements。The British emphasis on establishing a close national relationship with China,to capture politics in China、Foreign capital、Commercial interests,And the Chinese side pays more attention to the etiquette form of the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty。At that time,Chinese and Britain did not threaten with force,Therefore, there is no fundamental or principle right and wrong。

Diplomacy requirements proposed by the Qing government and Britain,Although they are based on their political traditions and diplomatic etiquette practices, there are different degrees of limitations,But it is mainly caused by the different feelings of Chinese and foreign countries,Its nature is still a dispute between diplomaticship between two sovereign bet365 Play online games countries。but 1840 years later after 24 years,Diplomatic etiquette between China or China and foreign countries,Change changes in nature,Expressing strong aggression and anti -aggression colors。

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