Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century，bet365 code thoughts and actions not only have a broad and profound influence in the philosophical world，At the same time, it has also become the focus of many artists。The artist’s concern for Wittgenstein，Mainly manifested in two aspects: First, attention to bet365 code thoughts，Trying to read and think about bet365 code works，To help yourself better understand related art issues；The second is to directly use Wittgenstein as the prototype，Create a variety of works of art。"Wittgenstein's Nephew" by Thomas Bernhard，Undoubtedly belongs to the latter situation。Bernhard is Austrian，Has very sharp criticism of Austria as a country，But he respects bet365 code "fellow countryman" Wittgenstein。Ma Wentao, the translator of "Wittgenstein's Nephew" pointed out: "Although the 'I' in this book is remembering my friend Paul，But what is revealed between the lines is the appreciation and admiration for the philosopher Wittgenstein。”People often say，The prophet is not welcome in bet365 code hometown，For that matter，Bernhard’s appreciation of Wittgenstein is quite rare。

Some of Bernhard’s works，Between reality and fiction，Like prose and novel。The same is true for "Wittgenstein's Nephew"。Wittgenstein’s nephew，It’s a man named Paul，Although Paul is not good at writing，Don’t express your thoughts either，But in some fundamental ways very much like bet365 code uncle。Bernhard in bet365 code works，This comparison was made between the uncle and nephew: "Ludwig was the one who expressed bet365 code philosophical thinking，Paul is someone who does not express bet365 code philosophical thinking，If Ludwig is ultimately a born publisher of philosophical thoughts，Then Paul is a natural non-publisher。But they both have their own way，They are all great、Personalized、Continuously exciting、Disruptive thinker，More than just making their era proud。”

The character of Paul described by Bernhard，Represents Bernhard’s understanding of Wittgenstein，Or more broadly，Represents bet365 code understanding of philosophers。Change a different angle，We can also say，Bernhard created the character of Paul in bet365 code works，Had a spiritual communication or dialogue with Wittgenstein。In the works，Paul’s personal life experiences were slightly different from Wittgenstein’s，For example, Paul is married，Wittgenstein did not；But in terms of its spiritual essence，The two are completely identical。Bernhard said of Paul: "He is a disturbed person、Nervous person，He is a person who often loses control of bet365 code mind。He is a thoughtful person，A person who keeps philosophizing，People who keep blaming。”In the author’s opinion，This passage of Bernhard can be regarded as an accurate portrayal of Wittgenstein’s spiritual portrait。

　For who is a true philosopher，Bernhard has bet365 code own understanding。In Bernhard’s eyes，Philosophical expert in the academic sense，Cannot enter the ranks of philosophers at all。He said in bet365 code work "Persian Women": "I have always liked so-called philosophical people，I don’t like the philosophers who engage in philosophy that I have seen in my life，These people have nothing in common with true philosophers，I always hate their preachy philosophy，Disgusted with the nonsense of those so-called philosophers。”Without a doubt，Wittgenstein is the kind of "philosophical person" that Bernhard liked。Then，The so-called "philosophers who engage in philosophy" that Bernhard dislikes，Who are they?？

In a popular narrative of the history of philosophy，Heidegger and Wittgenstein are considered the most important philosophers of the 20th century。But，bet365 code highly affirmed Wittgenstein at the same time，But I have objections to Heidegger。bet365 code once described Heidegger as a "retarded Alpine thinker"。In conversation with Werner Vogelbauer，bet365 code criticized Heidegger for "living off a few writers" and "having nothing new"。bet365 code’s criticisms of Heidegger，Does not represent any professional opinion，It just shows that in the mind of a writer，What a true philosopher is not like。

Bernhard likes people who are extremely fond of music，In "Persian Women"，Bernhard said: "I like people who think they can't live without music。”In the lives of most of us ordinary people，Music may be just an embellishment to some extent，Not necessary for survival。But，What Bernhard admires，Precisely those who regard music as a necessity for survival。Here，We can see clearly，Bernhard’s emphasis on artistic or spiritual values。and，Bernhard is not just an appreciator of musical works，The literary works he created are also rich in musicality。About this，Ma Wentao pointed out in the article "The Maverick Bernhard": "More and more critics have noticed，bet365 code many books，It is full of musical style in terms of chapter structure and language expression。As Bernhard himself once said: 'How I write has to do with music，First is the musical structure，As for what to write, that comes second。’I think “Wittgenstein’s Nephew” is one of the most musical works in bet365 code writings。”

In addition to philosophy，Music is another common hobby of Bernhard and Wittgenstein。In "Wittgenstein's Nephew"，Bernhard wrote，Paul “loves music more than anything else”。On the hobby of music，The spiritual pursuits of Paul and Wittgenstein are highly consistent。We know，Wittgenstein grew up in a family full of music，bet365 code mother is quite musically accomplished，Several children are also very interested in music。Wittgenstein’s brother Paul，Later became a world-famous pianist。Among the Wittgenstein children，Wittgenstein’s musical talent is not the most outstanding，But bet365 code love for music is lifelong。

Bernhard keenly captured this aspect of Wittgenstein’s spiritual life，That is, extreme love for music，Thus successfully portraying the character of Paul。About Paul’s musical accomplishment，Bernhard commented: "He not only has a high musical level，And has a high degree of comprehensive artistic accomplishment，The difference is，bet365 code cultivation is not reflected in abstract theory，Give me an example，To some extent it can be said，He is constantly thinking about the music and concerts he hears、Compare the virtuosos and symphony orchestras studied，What he made is more accurate and solid，Can stand the test of people at any time。”Bernhard’s comment on Paul，Consistent with the philosophical thought of late Wittgenstein。Wittgenstein’s later philosophical thought，There is an overall orientation, that is, anti-theory，Considering that the purpose of philosophical research is not to construct theories。If this idea of ​​late Wittgenstein is applied to the field of art，What will be important then is no longer abstract art theory，But a deep understanding of various specific works of art。

Bernhard’s Wittgenstein is Paul，Have rich experience and detailed understanding of various musical works，He also became a referee of various performances in Vienna。Bernhard wrote about this: "The Viennese did not notice for decades，The initiator who makes or buries a performance is none other than Paul，bet365 code destruction of a show，If he wants to do that，That’s unbelievable、is devastating。”Bernhard’s understanding of Wittgenstein，Leave aside the specific details，In terms of its spiritual essence, it is undoubtedly true。Because we see it in the notes written by Wittgenstein，Although he has doubts about whether he is creative，But he is relatively confident that he has taste。

Wittgenstein’s attitude and handling of wealth，It is a topic that people talk about。Influenced by Tolstoy，Wittgenstein believed that wealth corrupts people，So although he was born into a wealthy businessman’s family and inherited a large inheritance，But he would rather choose to live a very simple life，Transferred bet365 code inheritance to bet365 code sister。Bernhard in bet365 code works，Also wrote about Paul's way of handling huge wealth: "Paul can be said to have thrown away millions of dollars in the first half of bet365 code life，And confident that he helped those who were helpless (and thus helped himself！），In fact，The millions he threw out，It’s just to satisfy the greedy desires of the extremely despicable and shameless person，Of course he did help himself with this。”Paul as described by Bernhard，What is different from Wittgenstein，He donated bet365 code huge wealth directly to the poor，Wittgenstein did not do that；Despite this difference，But it is undeniable，They don’t pay much attention to wealth accumulation，They all sympathize with the poor plight of the poor，Therefore they are consistent in spiritual temperament。

Whether it is Wittgenstein，Still the Paul described by Bernhard，They gave up all their huge wealth in different ways，Thus putting yourself in the ranks of the poor。But nevertheless，They are spiritually rich。Bernhard wrote: "...Paul was throwing away bet365 code money，Continuously throwing away the wealth of bet365 code thoughts，But the difference is，Soon he finally threw away all bet365 code money，Financial resources have also been exhausted，But bet365 code ideological wealth is indeed inexhaustible；He threw it out the window without stopping，And the wealth of ideas (at the same time) is constantly increasing，The more he throws out the window (the window of bet365 code mind)，The wealth of thoughts in bet365 code mind grows more and more，This is the characteristic of such a person，They are crazy first，Eventually called insane，so that more and more they are、Throwing away spiritual wealth (in the mind) more and more often，In their heads at the same time，Their spiritual wealth is increasing at the same rate as abandonment。”Paul’s rich spiritual creativity，Evidenced in this description。

In short，We can say，bet365 code’s Wittgenstein，Is a philosophical person，A person who regards music as a necessity for survival，A poor rich man。

　　(The author is an associate professor bet365 code School of Liberal Arts, West China Normal University)