Guo Moruo (November 16, 1892 -June 12, 1978)，Treasure Guo Kaizhen，Word Dingtang，No. Shangwu，Famous Chinese writer、Historian、Ancient Chinese characters、Poet、Drama Writer、Translator and revolutionary activist。November 16, 1892，Born in Shawan, Leshan, Sichuan。January 1914，Study in Japan。1918，Enter the Medical Department of the Kyushu Imperial University for study。1919，Organize the Xia Society of the Patriotic Society in Japan; the same year，Creative Poetry "Holding and Battle Bay Bay", "Phoenix Nirvana", etc.。August 1921，Poems "Goddess" Publishing。1923，Complete the historical drama "Zhuo Wenjun"、Poetry and Opera Collection "Starry Sky"。1924，Complete the historical drama "Wang Zhaojun"。Spring of the same year，Go to Japan again，Translation of Hezhao "Social Organization and Social Revolution"、Turgenev's novel "New Era"，Systematic learning and understanding of Marxist theory。In 1925, I met Qu Qiubai, one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai。Witnessing the real situation of the Mu 30 tragedy，Make two -eye drama "Nie Er"。March 1927，Work "Please see the Chiang Kai -shek today"，Revolution of Chiang Kai -shek rebellion，Wire by the Kuomintang government。Joining the Communist Party of China in the same year。1931，"Research on Ancient Chinese Social Social Research" that demonstrates the social form of slavery in ancient China。1931，Completion of "Research on Oracle", "Research on the Research on the Inscription of Yin Zhou Bronze", etc.。1937，Return to the Anti -Japanese War，Hosted "Salvation Daily" in Shanghai。December 1941，Complete the five -act historical drama "The Flower of Tang"。1942，Complete the historical drama "Qu Yuan", "Tiger Faculty", "Gao Jianli", "Peacock Gall"。1943，Complete the historical drama "South Crown Grass"。October 1949，Vice Premier and Director of the Cultural Education Committee、Dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。1953，Elected by the President of the Second China Federation。1959，Complete the historical drama "Cai Wenji"。1960，Complete the historical drama "Wu Zetian"; the same year，Elected to the Third China Federation Chairman。1971，Publishing bet365 live casino games theory "Li Bai and Du Fu"。1978，Chairman of the Fourth Cultural Federation; March 1978，Guo Moruo published a written report of "Spring of Science" at the National Science Conference，Cause strong response。June 12, 1978，Invasion of treatment due to illness，Died in Beijing。

Guo Moruo (1892-1978)，Famous Chinese writer、Historian、Ancient Chinese characters、Poet、Drama Writer、Translator and revolutionary activist，is a Chinese cultural front、iconic figures in the field of Marxist history in China，For the Chinese revolutionary cause、The scientific and cultural undertakings of modern China have made many major contributions。

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Guo Moruo during the early years of studying in Japan，​​Start its poetic creation and literary activities，and Cheng imitated me、Yu Dafu、Tian Han and other students staying in Japan initiated the establishment of "Creation Agency"，Creation and publishing the foundation of Chinese new poems- "Goddess"。1924，Guo Moruo began to translate the "Social Organization and Social Revolution" by Kawaka, a famous Marxist economist in Japan，During the translation process，He often will Marx、Engels、British Biography of Lenin、De、Russian text and Japanese comparison，As a result, the original book of Marxist classic writers。Although he does not fully agree with some of the views of the works of Hezhao，But the process of translating this book，An important transition period of becoming Guo Moruo's thought，As he said: "My own turning to Marxism and fixation，The translation of this book plays a great role。"(Guo Moruo's" Social Organization and Social Revolution "Preface") "I now have become a thorough Marxist believers! Marxism in this era is the only treasure raft "，"I'm going back to China，China is the most important thing on the revolutionary journey。My career in the second half of my career is to be sent away meaningful。"" (Guo Moruo's "Lonely Hong -A letter to me") from this time，Guo Moruo became a firm believer of Marxism。

1925，Guo Moruo's plan to translate "Capital Theory"，and drafted a plan for five -year translation，This translation plan is stranded due to the failure to pass at the editorial meeting of the Business Press。In the same year，He wrote a novel "Marx's Entrushing Temple" with "a little game"，The text involved in the "socialist argument", "Ke Xuan theory" and Dewey、Russell、Duri Shu、Tagor Laing in China and other events，and compare Marxist theory with Confucianism in Confucius，Reflected that Guo Moruo was accepted by Marxism，Find the exploration appeal that communicates with traditional Chinese thoughts。Guo Moruo recognizes the basic principles of social consciousness in the society that determines social consciousness，​​In the 1926 speech "The Awareness of the Artist" and "Revolution and Literature"，obviously abandoned the previous pure literary proposition，Instead, try to clarify literature and society with the historical materialism of materialism、The relationship between literature and revolution。Winter 1927，Late Creation Club has set off a boom in promoting Marxism，As one of the founders of the creation agency，Guo Moruo affirmed this: "The interpretation of dialectical materialism and Gao Yang，Make it the mainstream of the Chinese ideological world，The efforts of several friends of the creation agency Bet365 app download later，It is a performance that cannot be wiped out。"(Guo Moruo" Cross the East China Sea ")

After Guo Moruo exile in Japan，Read morality widespread、Ying、Day、Middle version of Marxist theoretical works，He studied "Capital" from scratch，Although someone asks him "Why should a writer do this"，But he is not moving，Persist in studying。During this period, he also started to translate Marx's "Critical Political Economics Criticism" and "German Ideology"。Published by these translations，Not only does the Chinese people understand Marxism，It has also further deepened Guo Moruo’s theoretical cultivation。

Around the 1920s，A group of advanced intellectuals actively introduced、spread Marxism，In this process，They regard Marxism as their own political beliefs，Gradually becoming a firm Marxist，Guo Moruo is one of the representative characters。While actively studying and translating the work of Marxist works，Guo Moruo keenly aware that learning Marxism needs the actual reality of the revolution with China、Chinese social reality is linked; as a well -known scholar in the ideological and cultural field，Guo Moruo emphasized: "I mainly want to use dialectical materialism to study the development of Chinese thought，Development of Chinese society，Naturally, the development of Chinese history。On the other hand,，I also want to think about Chinese thoughts，Chinese society，History of China，Test the adaptability of dialectical materialism。"" (Guo Moruo's "Cross -East China Sea") contains obvious Sinicization of Marxist Sinicization，It is also one of the main reasons for Guo Moruo to make important contributions in Chinese Marxist academic and cultural research。

　　Revolutionary fighter with pen as a sword

From 1925 to early 1926，When Guo Moruo analyzes China,，Different from He Shangzhao and their Chinese students due to different views，Qu Qiubai, the leader of the Communist Party of China, noticed Guo Moruo's article，Qu Qiubai deliberately visited Guo Moruo，And recommend him to teach in Guangdong University。March 1926，Guo Moruo leaves Shanghai to Guangzhou，Corustent Culture and Science Corporation of Guangdong University，At the same time, he also started his revolutionary career。July，Guo Moruo participated in the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army，Go to Hunan、Zhan Wuchang、Enter Jiangxi，October was appointed by Chiang Kai -shek as the deputy director of the General Political Department，Lieutenant General ranks。During this period，He recognized Chiang Kai -shek's attempt to betray the revolution，In March 1927, the famous anti -Chiang Chiang Wenwen "Please see the Chiang Kai -shek today"，Display Chiang Kai -shek's true face of betraying the revolution。"April Two" counter -revolutionary coup，Failure of the Great Revolution，Guo Moruo is wanted by the Kuomintang authorities。early August，Guo Moruo and his party arrived in Nanchang after arduous danger，Following the Nanchang Uprising，After Zhou Enlai、Li Yifang Introduction，Join the Communist Party of China。Persist in your political beliefs and beliefs，Agree with the revolutionary purpose and program of the Communist Party of China，Guo Moruo made the truth that Jiang betrayed the revolution when he was favored by Chiang Kai -shek、Join the key choice of the Communist Party of China when the Communist Party is the most difficult situation。

bet365 Play online games February 1928，Guo Moruo Exile Japan。Ten years in Japan，Guo Moruo devoted to academic research，Write the creation of Chinese Marxist history like "Ancient Chinese Social Research"。In Oracle、Research on ancient text，Guo Moruo has a "Oracle Study" (1931)、"Research on the Inscription of Yin Zhou Bronze" (1931)、"Two weeks of Golden Culture" (1932)、"Golden Cong" (1932)、"Stone Drum Cong" (1933)、"Ancient Inscription" (1934)、"Editor of Yin Qi" (1937), etc.。Achievements in Oracle Research make Guo Moruo's reputation，It is recognized as one of the "Four Oracle Halls"，An important representative of the Orthodoxy of Marxist scholars。other，He also completed a large number of translations、Memoirs and literary works。He pays close attention to the domestic revolutionary situation and cultural dynamics，Donate your own translation version tax "Zuo Lian"，Promoting the "Left Union" Tokyo branch recovery activity，Join the discussion of "Popular Literature" in the domestic literary world and promote the formation of the anti -Japanese united front of the literary and art circles，Participate in the left -wing people who stay in Japan，Zhou Enlai in the Long March、Cheng Xingwu、Lee Yiruya equivalent，worry about Qu Qiubai, who is worried in prison。

After the Anti -Japanese War burst out，Guo Moruo returned to China in July 1937，Director of the Director of the Third Office of the Political Department of the Military Commission，Under the support leadership of the Communist Party of China，The third hall of Guo Moruo organized a wide range of publicity Anti -Japanese War、comfort、Funding and other activities。1940，The Cultural Working Committee was established in Chongqing，Guo Moruo is the chairman，Zhou Enlai is a guidance member，"Cultural Union" holds various cultural activities hosted by Guo Moruo，Publicity Anti -Japanese，Fight for the masses，Promote the Anti -Japanese Democratic Movement。At the age of 50 in Guo Moruo，The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China launches the party and the democratic parties、People's Group、Cultural celebrities organize the 25th anniversary of the 25th anniversary of Guo Moruo's birthday and creative life，To establish the flag of the cultural world after Lu Xun，Solidarity and democratic progressive people。Zhou Enlai said to Guo Moruo: "Being for you is a significant political struggle，hold the 25th anniversary of creating for you，is another major cultural struggle。Through this struggle，We can launch all democratic progress forces to break through the enemy's political and cultural fascist rule。"(Yang Hansheng" Reminiscerous Guo Lao's 25th Anniversary and the Celebration of Fifty Life ")

1944 is the year of the Lunar New Year，Guo Moruo wrote "A Shen Jian Jian Jian Festival"，By the defeat of the Li Zicheng Uprising in the late Ming Dynasty，Ironics of the Kuomintang's non -resistance policy，Remind the Communist Party not to be proud and complacent after the victory，At the same time, the fate of intellectuals in the time of the drama changes at the same time expresses some of the concerns of some extent。Articles have been published on Chongqing "Xinhua Daily" and Yan'an "Liberation Daily"，attracted fierce criticism from the Kuomintang，and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China requires the "300 Years of Jiashen" as the whole party's rectification documents，Warning the whole party "must always maintain bet365 Play online games a sober and learning attitude，Do not stun your mind，Forget it "。("Notice on Learning" The Notice of the Three Hundred Years of Jiashen ") Mao Zedong's letter Guo Moruo said:" Your "Three Hundred Years of Affiliated"，We treat it as a rectification file。Xiaosheng is proud，Victory is more proud，Lost again and again，How to avoid this problem，It's really worth noting。"(Mao Zedong's" To Guo Moruo (November 21, 1944) ")" A Senior Three Hundred Years "became one of the classics in the history of the Communist Party of China，​​Guo Moruo's role in the history of the Chinese revolution can be seen。

After the founding of New China，Guo Moruo is the Deputy Prime Minister and Director of the Cultural Education Committee、Dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress、Vice Chairman of the CPPCC、President of the University of Science and Technology of China、Chairman of the Chinese Federation of Literary and Art Federation，Culture for New China、Education、Science、Academic and other fields have made outstanding contributions。

　　A generation of masters of Chinese Marxist history

The Chinese society in the 20th century has continued to change huge changes，New culture and old culture in the field of ideological and cultural、Foreign culture and local culture have formed a violent collision，Guo Moruo is almost all in the tide of cultural tide，He insists on guiding the historical view of materialism，Lead and promote the development of modern Chinese academic culture。Whether it is literary works such as "Goddess", the development path of innovation literature on behalf，Still jumping out of the scope of "sorting out the country" and criticizing traditional culture with "people's standard" as the standard，Whether it is the idea of ​​promoting the progress of the theme of the era with historical drama creation，Still passed the research of ancient text research to the history of historical materialism，Guo Moruo's academic characteristics are full of a strong sense of the times and historical sense，Become "Guide with everyone"。(Zhou Enlai "What I want to say") Only historical science，Guo Moruo is the pioneer of Chinese Marxist history。

between 1928 and 1930，Guo Moruo "Ancient Society"、Engels "Home、The Origin of Private Ownership and State "is" Guide "，From the test interpretation of Oracle、New and old historical materials such as Jinwen，Completed and published "Ancient Chinese Social Research"。Introduction to the whole book "The development stage of the history of Chinese society"，It is clearly stated that the author's theory of "development of human society is based on the development of economic foundation" based on the historical view of materialism，Divide Chinese history into the original commune system、slavery、feudal system、Capital systems，In the future, each article is based on "Zhou Yi", "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu"、Bu resignation、Golden text and archeological materials demonstrate the social nature of the ancient history of ancient Chinese history，In the study, the first attempt to combine Marxist socio -economic form theory with ancient Chinese social history is combined，Become the creation of Chinese Marxist history。Research in the book、Analysis, although there is an error of formulating a tendency and historical historical facts，But none of them can cover the innovation path for Chinese history、Example showing the new paradigm、Contribution new opinions、Put forward the academic contribution bet365 live casino games of new methods，It is hailed as "Avenue of Ancient History to Research Ancient History"。(Zhang Yinlin "Commenting Guo Moruo's" Ancient Chinese Social Research "")

From 1942 to 1945，He launched 5 historical dramas one after another- "Qu Yuan", "Tiger Faculty", "Gao Jianli", "Peacock Bald", "South Crown"，Repeated and staged the historical drama "The Flower of Tang"，The theme of these historical dramas is mainly in the pre -Qin period，It has a close contact with the history of his pre -Qin society and the study of the pre -Qin sons。Guo Moruo strengthened the study of the history of pre -Qin society and academic thought，Published "Ten Critical Books", "Bronze Age", "History People" and other discussions。Research on the history of ancient society from "Research on Ancient Chinese Society"，Research on the history of ancient social history and ideological doctrine to "Ten Critical Books"，Not only reflects Guo Moruo's historiology research and conscious consciousness，It also explains the in -depth development of Chinese Marxist history research。Guo Moruo's research features during this period are: comprehensively crawling and carefully compiled the materials，Adhere to "people -oriented"，Adhere to "restore to society" and "judgment value"，These characteristics make him one of the core figures in the Chinese Marxist History Camp。

After the founding of New China，Guo Moruo is the chairman of the Chinese History Society、Leadership positions in historian fields such as the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Management of "History Research" magazine，Publishing "The Era of Slave" and "The Collection of Tube Collection" and other monographs，Presided by "Chinese History Draft" and "Oracle Collection" compilation，Discussion on the issue of ancient historical staging、Organize the work of ancient books，After busy government affairs，Establish its dominant position for Chinese Marxist history、Promoting the continuous development of Chinese Marxist history has done a lot of practical work。Guo Moruo is a well -deserved master of Chinese Marxist history。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of History of Beijing Normal University、Vice President of China Guo Moruo Research Association)