Guo Moruo (November 16, 1892 - June 12, 1978)，My real name is Guo Kaizhen，Zi Ding Tang，No. Shangwu，Famous modern Chinese writers、Historian、Paleographist、Poet、Playwright、Translator and revolutionary activist。November 16, 1892，Born in Shawan, Leshan, Sichuan。January 1914，Study in Japan。1918，Enter Kyushu Imperial University School of Medicine。1919，Organize the Xia Society, a patriotic society for arrival in Japan；Same year，Create poems such as "Embracing and bathing in Hakata Bay", "Phoenix Nirvana", etc.。August 1921，Poem collection "Goddess" published。1923，Complete the historical drama "Zhuo Wenjun"、Collection of poetry, opera and prose "Starry Sky"。1924，Complete the historical drama "Wang Zhaojun"。Spring bet365 new customer offer same year，Going to Japan again，Translation of "Social Organization and Social Revolution" by Hajime Kawakami、Turgenev's novel "The New Era"，Systematic study and understanding of Marxist theory。Meeted Qu Qiubai, one bet365 new customer offer early leaders bet365 new customer offer Communist Party of China in Shanghai in 1925。Watching the May 30th Massacre，Compose a two-act play "Nie Er"。March 1927，Written by "Look at Chiang Kai-shek Today"，Deplore Chiang Kai-shek for betraying the revolution，Wanted by the Kuomintang government。Joined the Communist Party of China in the same year。1930，Published "Research on Ancient Chinese Society" which demonstrates the existence bet365 new customer offer social form of slavery in ancient China。1931，Complete the treatises "Research on Oracle Bone Inscriptions", "Research on Yin and Zhou Bronze Inscriptions", etc.。1937，Return to China to join the Anti-Japanese War，Host "National Salvation Daily" in Shanghai。December 1941，Complete the five-act historical drama "The Flower of Tangdi"。1942，Completed the historical dramas "Qu Yuan", "Tiger Fu", "Gao Jianli" and "Peacock Gut"。1943，Complete the historical drama "Nanguancao"。October 1949，Served as Vice Prime Minister bet365 new customer offer Government Affairs Council and Director bet365 new customer offer Culture and Education Committee、President bet365 new customer offer Chinese Academy of Sciences。1953，Elected as Chairman bet365 new customer offer Second China Federation of Literary and Art Circles。1959，Complete the historical drama "Cai Wenji"。1960，Complete the historical drama "Wu Zetian"；Same year，Elected as Chairman bet365 new customer offer Third China Federation of Literary and Art Circles。1971，Published the treatise "Li Bai and Du Fu"。1978，Elected as Chairman bet365 new customer offer Fourth Federation of Literary and Art Circles；March 1978，Guo Moruo published a written report on "The Spring of Science" at the National Science Conference，Cause strong response。June 12, 1978，Invalid treatment due to illness，Died in Beijing。

bet365 new customer offer (1892-1978)，Famous modern Chinese writers、Historian、Paleographist、Poet、Playwright、Translator and revolutionary activist，It is the Chinese cultural front、Iconic figures in the field of Chinese Marxist history，To China’s revolutionary cause、The scientific and cultural undertakings of modern China have made significant contributions in many aspects。

　　Pioneer in spreading bet365 new customer offer

Guo Moruo during his early years studying in Japan，Start his poetry creation and literary activities，With Cheng Fangwu、Yu Dafu、Tian Han and other students studying in Japan initiated the establishment bet365 new customer offer "Creation Society"，Created and published the foundation work of new Chinese poetry - "The Goddess"。1924，Guo Moruo began to translate "Social Organization and Social Revolution" by the famous Japanese Marxist economist Hajime Kawakami，Translation in progress，He often refers to Marx、Engels、English version of Lenin’s works、Germany、Comparison bet365 new customer offer Russian text and the translated Japanese，Thus, I have dabbled in some bet365 new customer offer original works of Marxist classic writers。Although he does not completely agree with some bet365 new customer offer views in Hajime Kawakami's works，But the process of translating this book，Becomes an important transition period for Guo Moruo’s thought，As he said: "My own turn to Marxism and fixation，The translation of this book played a great role。" (Guo Moruo's "Preface to "Social Organization and Social Revolution") "I have now become a complete believer in Marxism！Marxism is the only treasure raft in the era we live in”，“I’m going back to China，China is the most critical point on the road to revolution。I want to spend the second half of my career meaningfully。” (Guo Moruo’s “Gu Hong—A Letter to Cheng Fangwu”) From this time，Guo Moruo became a firm believer in Marxism。

1925，Guo Moruo plans to translate "Das Kapital"，And formulated a five-year translation plan，This translation plan was shelved because it failed to pass the editorial review meeting bet365 new customer offer Commercial Press。Same year，He wrote a novel "Marx Enters the Confucian Temple" that is "somewhat game-like"，The article involves the "socialist debate", "scientific and metaphysical debate" and Dewey in the ideological and cultural fields at that time、Russell、Dulishu、Tagore came to China to give lectures and other events，Compare Marxist doctrine with Confucius’ Confucian doctrine，Reflects Guo Moruo’s acceptance of Marxism，The quest to find similarities with traditional Chinese thought。Guo Moruo agrees with the basic principle of historical materialism that social existence determines social consciousness，In the 1926 speeches "The Consciousness of Literary Artists" and "Revolution and Literature"，Obviously abandoning the previous pure literary and artistic ideas，But try to use historical materialism to clarify literature and society、The relationship between literature and revolution。Winter 1927，The Late Creation Society set off a craze to promote Marxism，As one bet365 new customer offer founders of Creation Society，Guo Moruo affirmed this: "The elucidation and promotion of dialectical materialism，Making it the mainstream of Chinese ideological circles，The efforts of several friends from the Late Creation Society，There are achievements that cannot be erased。”(Guo Moruo’s “Crossing the East China Sea”)

After bet365 new customer offer went into exile in Japan，Read more widely、English、日、Intermediate version of Marxist theoretical works，He studied "Das Kapital" from the beginning，Although someone asked him "Why do writers do this?"，But he was unmoved，Keep studying。During this period, he also began to translate Marx's "Critique of Political Economy" and "German Ideology"。Publication of these translations，Not only enhances the Chinese people’s understanding of Marxism，It also further deepened bet365 new customer offer’s Marxist theoretical cultivation。

Around the 1920s，A group of advanced intellectuals actively introduced、Spread Marxism，In this process，They regard Marxism as their political belief，Gradually becoming a firm Marxist，Guo Moruo is one bet365 new customer offer representatives。While actively studying and translating Marxist works，Guo Moruo is keenly aware bet365 new customer offer need to study Marxism and China’s revolutionary reality、Connect with China’s social reality；As a well-known scholar in the field of thought and culture，Guo Moruo emphasized: “I mainly want to use dialectical materialism to study the development of Chinese thought，The development of Chinese society，Nature is the development of Chinese history。In other words，I also want to think about China，Chinese society，China’s history，To test the adaptability of dialectical materialism。"(Guo Moruo's "Crossing the East China Sea") This contains an obvious sense of sinicization of Marxism，This is also one bet365 new customer offer main reasons why Guo Moruo made important contributions to the academic and cultural research on Chinese Marxism。

　　The revolutionary fighter who uses bet365 new customer offer pen as bet365 new customer offer sword

1925 to early 1926，Guo Moruo when analyzing China’s issues，Controversy with Hajime Kawakami and his Chinese students due to different views，CPC leader Qu Qiubai and others noticed Guo Moruo’s article，Qu Qiubai specially visited Guo Moruo，And recommended him to teach at Guangdong University。March 1926，Guo Moruo left Shanghai for Guangzhou，Served as Dean of Liberal Arts at Guangdong University，At the same time, he also began his career as a revolutionary。July，Guo Moruo participated in the National Revolutionary Army’s Northern Expedition，Going to Hunan、War in Wuchang、Enter Jiangxi，In October, he was appointed as deputy director bet365 new customer offer General Political Department by Chiang Kai-shek，Lieutenant General rank。During this period，He recognized Chiang Kai-shek’s attempt to betray the revolution，Published the famous anti-Chiang Kai-shek article "Please see Chiang Kai-shek today" in March 1927，Revealing Chiang Kai-shek’s true face of betraying the revolution。After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup，The Great Revolution failed，Guo Moruo is wanted by the Kuomintang authorities。Early August，Guo Moruo and his party arrived in Nanchang after many hardships，Meet with Nanchang Uprising troops，via Zhou Enlai、Introduction to Li Yimeng，Join the Communist Party of China。Stick to your political beliefs and beliefs，Identify the revolutionary purpose and program bet365 new customer offer Communist Party of China，Enabled Guo Moruo to reveal the truth about Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal bet365 new customer offer revolution when he was favored by Chiang Kai-shek、The key decision to join the Communist Party of China when the Communist Party of China is in the most difficult situation。

February 1928，Guo Moruo went into exile in Japan。Ten years in Japan，Guo Moruo devotes himself to academic research，Written a pioneering work of Chinese Marxist history such as "Study on Ancient Chinese Society"。In Oracle Science、Research on ancient characters，Guo Moruo successively wrote "Research on Oracle Bone Inscriptions" (1931)、"Study on the Inscriptions of Yin and Zhou Bronze Wares" (1931)、"Two Weeks of Golden Words" (1932)、"Inscriptions on Bronze Inscriptions" (1932)、"Shigu Wen Cong Kao" (1933)、"An Examination of Ancient Inscriptions" (1934)、"Yin Qicui Edition" (1937), etc.。His achievements in oracle bone inscription research have made Guo Moruo famous in the academic world，Recognized as one bet365 new customer offer “Four Oracle Bone Halls”，Become an important representative among Marxist scholars who study oracle bone inscriptions。In addition，He also completed a large number of translations、Memoirs and Literary Works。He pays close attention to the domestic revolutionary situation and cultural developments，Donate royalties from your translations to "Left-Left Alliance"，Facilitated the resumption of activities bet365 new customer offer Tokyo branch bet365 new customer offer "Left-Left Union"，Joined the discussion of "popular literature" in the domestic literary circle and contributed to the formation bet365 new customer offer anti-Japanese united front in the literary and art circles，Participate in the activities of left-wingers in Japan，I miss Zhou Enlai during the Long March、Cheng Fangwu、Li Yimeng and other comrades，Worried about Qu Qiubai’s safety in prison。

After the Anti-Japanese War broke out，Guo Moruo returned to China in July 1937，Served as Director bet365 new customer offer Third Department bet365 new customer offer Political Department bet365 new customer offer Military Commission，Under the support and leadership bet365 new customer offer Communist Party of China，Guo Moruo organized the Third Hall to hold a wide-reaching propaganda campaign、Condolences、Fundraising and other activities。1940，Cultural Working Committee was established in Chongqing，Guo Moruo is the chairman，Zhou Enlai is the steering committee member，The "Literary Union" organizes various cultural activities hosted by Guo Moruo，Propaganda against Japan，Win the masses，Promote the Anti-Japanese Democratic Movement。On the occasion of Guo Moruo’s 50th birthday，The Central Committee bet365 new customer offer Communist Party of China mobilizes the party and democratic parties、People’s Group、Celebrities in the cultural field held an event to celebrate Guo Moruo’s birthday and the 25th anniversary of his creative life，To establish the banner bet365 new customer offer cultural world after Lu Xun，Unite democratic progressives。Zhou Enlai said to Guo Moruo: "Celebrating your birthday is a political struggle of great significance，Celebrating the 25th anniversary of your creation，Another major cultural struggle。Through this struggle，We can mobilize all democratic and progressive forces to break through the enemy's political and cultural fascist rule。” (Yang Hansheng, “Recalling the 25th Anniversary and 50th Birthday Celebrations of Mr. Guo’s Creation”)

1944 is the Jiashen year bet365 new customer offer lunar calendar，Guo Moruo wrote "The Three Hundred Years of Jiashen"，Taking advantage bet365 new customer offer defeat of Li Zicheng’s rebel army in the late Ming Dynasty，Satire on the Kuomintang’s non-resistance policy，Remind the Communist Party not to be complacent after victory，At the same time, he expressed a certain degree of concern about the fate of intellectuals during the drastic changes in the times。The article was serialized and published in Chongqing's "Xinhua Daily" and Yan'an's "Liberation Daily"，Attracting fierce criticism from the Kuomintang，The Central Committee bet365 new customer offer Communist Party of China requires that the "Jiashen Three Centenary Ceremony" be used as a party-wide rectification document，Warning to the whole party that “we must always stay awake and have a learning attitude”，Don’t get carried away，Forgot the reason”。("Notice on Studying the "Jiashen Three Hundred Years Ceremony"") Mao Zedong wrote to Guo Moruo saying: "Your "Jiashen Three Hundred Years Ceremony"，We treat it as a rectification document。Small victory means pride，More proud of victory，Suffering losses again and again，How to avoid this problem，Really worth noting。” (Mao Zedong’s “To Guo Moruo (November 21, 1944)”) “Jiashen Three Centenary Ceremony” has become one bet365 new customer offer classic works in the history bet365 new customer offer Communist Party of China，The role played by Guo Moruo’s raft-like giant brush in the history bet365 new customer offer Chinese revolution can be seen。

After the founding of New China，Guo Moruo serves as Vice Prime Minister bet365 new customer offer Government Affairs Council and Director bet365 new customer offer Culture and Education Committee、President bet365 new customer offer Chinese Academy of Sciences、Vice Chairman bet365 new customer offer National People’s Congress、Vice Chairman bet365 new customer offer National Committee bet365 new customer offer Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference、President of University of Science and Technology of China、Chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and other positions，For the culture of New China、Education、Science、Making outstanding contributions to the development of academic and other fields。

　　A great master of bet365 new customer offer Marxist history

Chinese society continued to undergo tremendous changes in the 20th century，New culture and old culture in the field of thought and culture、Foreign culture and local culture have formed violent collisions again and again，Guo Moruo is almost always at the forefront of cultural trends，He insists on being guided by historical materialism，Leading and promoting the development of modern Chinese academic culture。Whether it is pioneering the development path of new literature represented by literary works such as "The Goddess"，It is better to go beyond the scope of “organizing the national heritage” and criticize the inheritance of traditional culture based on the criterion of “people-oriented”，Whether it is using historical drama creation to match the theme bet365 new customer offer times to promote progressive ideas，Or extend it to the study of historical materialism through ancient text research，Guo Moruo’s academic characteristics are full of a strong sense bet365 new customer offer times and history，Become a "guide who takes everyone forward"。(Zhou Enlai's "What I Want to Say") Only in terms of history，Guo Moruo is the founder of Chinese Marxist historiography。

1928 to 1930，Guo Moruo based on Morgan's "Ancient Society"、Engels's "Family"、The Origin of Private Ownership and the State" as "Guide"，Explanation of oracle bone inscriptions、Acquire new and old historical materials such as bronze inscriptions，Completed the publication of "Research on Ancient Chinese Society"。Introduction to the book "The Historical Development Stages of Chinese Society"，Clearly stated that the author is based on the theory of historical materialism that "the development of human society is based on the development bet365 new customer offer economic base"，Divide Chinese history into the primitive commune system、Slavery、Feudalism、Stages of Capitalism，The following chapters will be based on "Zhouyi", "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu" respectively、divination、Bronze inscriptions and archaeological materials demonstrate the social nature of each stage in ancient Chinese history，The first attempt to combine Marxist socioeconomic theory with the historical development process of ancient Chinese society in research，Become a pioneering work of Chinese Marxist historiography。Arguments in the book、Although the analysis is inevitably prone to formulaic tendencies and errors in historical materials and facts，However, this cannot hide the fact that this book has opened up a new path for Chinese history、Example the new paradigm、Contribute new insights、Academic contributions that propose new methods，It was praised by people at the time as "an example of a way to study ancient history"。(Zhang Yinlin's "Comment on Guo Moruo's "Research on Ancient Chinese Society")

From 1942 to 1945，He has launched 5 historical dramas in succession - "Qu Yuan", "Tiger Fu", "Gao Jianli", "Peacock Gale" and "Nanguan Grass"，The historical drama "Flowers of Tangdi" was re-rehearsed and staged，The themes and backgrounds of these historical dramas are mainly in the pre-Qin period，It is closely related to his ongoing research on pre-Qin social history and pre-Qin scholars。Guo Moruo has strengthened his research on the history of pre-Qin society and academic thought，Published "Ten Critiques", "The Bronze Age", "Historical Figures" and other treatises。Research on ancient social history from "Research on Ancient Chinese Society"，Research on ancient social history and the history of ideological doctrines in "Ten Critiques" and other treatises，It not only reflects Guo Moruo’s consciousness of deepening his historical research，It also illustrates the in-depth development of Chinese Marxist historical research。The characteristics of Guo Moruo’s research during this period are: comprehensive combing and careful arrangement of materials，Insisting on “people-oriented” from the basic point of view，Insisting on “restoring to society” and “judging value” in research methods，These characteristics make him one bet365 new customer offer core figures in the Chinese Marxist historiography camp。

After the founding of New China，Guo Moruo appointed as chairman of Chinese Historical Society、Director bet365 new customer offer Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other leadership positions in the field of history，Preparing the magazine "Historical Research"，Published monographs such as "The Era of Slavery" and "Guanzi Collection"，Presided over the compilation of "Manuscripts of Chinese History" and "Collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions"，Promote discussion on periodization of ancient history、Organize the collection of ancient books，Besides busy government affairs，Establishing its dominant position in Chinese Marxist historiography、Having done a lot of practical work to promote the continued development of Chinese Marxist historiography。Guo Moruo is a well-deserved master of Chinese Marxist history。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of History, Beijing Normal University、Vice President of China bet365 new customer offer Research Association)