Hou Waulu (February 6, 1903 -September 14, 1987)，Former name Zhaolin，Also known as Yushu，庐 庐，Chinese Marxist historian、thinker、Educator。He is one of the scholars in my country earlier using Marxist views to study the ancient Chinese ideological and cultural heritage。Born in Xiwangzhi Village, Pingyao County, Shanxi Province。In 1923, he was admitted to Beijing University of Political Science and Law and Beijing Normal University，Study in law and history at the same time。In the meantime, I met Li Dazhao, the pioneer of Chinese communism，Affected by Marxism -Leninism。1927 to study in Paris, France。In 1928。During France，Economy imitates me、Introduction to Zhang Botao，Join the Communist Party of China in Paris，Editor's "Red Light News" founded by Zhou Enlai and others。

Back to China through Moscow in 1930，I have been at Harbin Faqizheng University、Peiping University、Peking Normal University and other schools in charge，Translation of "Capital" and Chinese social history、Research on the History of Thought。Published "Ancient Chinese Society and Lao Tzu" in 1934。In 1936, translated and published the first volume of the "Capital Theory" with Wang Sihua。Published "Social History Guide theory" in 1939。Anti -Japanese War period，Hou Waulu was edited in Chongqing "Sino -Soviet Culture"，In Shanghai、Hong Kong editor -in -chief "Wen Wei Po" deputy journal，and engage in the anti -Japanese salvation movement and anti -Japanese propaganda activities。1941-1942，He has completed two historical monographs at the same time，"Chinese Classical Social History Theory" and "History of Ancient Chinese Thinking Theory"。"Chinese Classical Social History Theory" uses Marxist materialist history view that Chinese slave society is different from the West。"History of Ancient Chinese Thinking Theory" earlier used Marxism's views and methods to analyze the development period of ancient Chinese transformation -the development of the history of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period。

Published in 1945。In 1946, they co -authored "New Philosophy Course" with Rocktin。1946-1961，Hou Waulu collaborated on "The History of Chinese Thought"，This is the heaviest weight in the study of Chinese thought in Chinese history to date、The highest level、Most and most influential milestone -style works。Teaching at Dade College, Hong Kong in 1947。Enter the Northeast Liberation Zone in 1948。Hosted in 1977, he wrote "History of Modern Philosophy"。1984 and Qiu Hansheng、The host of Zhang Qi wrote "History of Chinese Song and Ming Confucianism"。

Hou Waulu successively served as a member of the Cultural Education Committee of the Central People's Government's Government Affairs Council、Director of History Department of Beijing Normal University、Professor of Peking University、President of Northwest University、Member of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Member of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Director of the Chinese History Society、Honorary President of the Chinese Philosophy History Society，I was selected as the first、2、3、The representative of the 5th National People's Congress and the 6th member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference、Executive Member, etc.。

The older generation of Marxist historian Hou Waulu，In his brilliant life，Pursuing the pursuit and diligence of the toughness，Added rich research results to Chinese history in the 20th century，Make Bet365 app download outstanding contributions to the Chineseization of practicing Marxist history。On the occasion of celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China，Historian workers deeply remember Guo Moruo, a generation of Marxist historians in the older generation、Fan Wenlan、Lu Zhenyu、翦 赞、Hou Wailu，Scenery, as the performance of Marxist history pioneers，Inherit and carry forward their academic heritage and academic thoughts，The new development of Sinicization of Marxist history，Make a due contribution。

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Hou Waulu's firm belief in Marxism，On the one hand, it is manifested in his revolutionary practice activities，On the other hand, it is manifested in the sincere and enthusiastic communication of Marxist theory。This quality and characteristics of Hou Waulu，Hu Sheng made such a summary in the article "Comrade Houwai Lu":

Comrade Wailu is a firm Marxist、Communist。He said，After 1926,，"My thoughts and actions are more consciously standing on the left of the Communist Party members as the core"。From this，He has always held Marxist beliefs firmly。Obviously，He has worked hard to work in the translation of "Capital" with ten years，It is from this belief。... This belief is implemented in all theoretical research work of life。("Memorial Houwai Luwen Collection · Preface"，Shaanxi People's Education Press 1991 edition)

This simple text，profoundly summarized the Houwai Lu Revolution、Struggle Life。

As Hou Waulu said in "Selection of Houwailu History Paper · Self -Preface": "1927，I arrived in France，Listening to the University at the University of Paris。The following year，The work of translating Marx's "Capital Theory" began。I am in France for three years，In addition to doing the work of the party，The main energy is in translation of "Capital Theory"。My level and ability，It is impossible to complete this scientific book in two years。But，This job helped me learn the basic theory and method of Marxism systematically，Established my dialectical materialist world view，I played a significant guiding role for me later。"The work of the party established the position of the revolution，Dialectical materialism establishes a scientific worldview，This is Hou Waulu called "firm Marxist、Communist "is where the nature is。

In the early 1930s，Hou Wailu returns from France to China，Coach at Peiping University，Due to promotion of anti -Japanese saving the country，Opposition to Chiang Kai -shek's Unswerving Policy，arrested and jailed by the Kuomintang government，After the operation rescue the "parole" released from prison。Life about one year of prison，Hou Waulu's body is severely tortured，But he still concentrated on translation "Capital"，Continue to "tough pursuit"。After the July 7th Incident of 1937，Hou Waulu came to Chongqing，Editor -in -chief of "Sino -Soviet Culture"，"Go all out to promote the Anti -Japanese"，Written "Anti -Japanese National United Front", "Theory of the Anti -Japanese War" and related political articles，It is considered a "Political Truster" (Hu Sheng: "Memorial Houwai Lu Wen Ji · Preface")。It can be seen from this，Hou Waulu is a scholar who is in the theoretical connection，A theorist who focuses on reality。His quality and style，Go to the country、The future fate of the nation，down to do a good job of doing a specific unit，All reflect it，All running through his lofty spirit as a firm Marxist belief and communicator。

From April 1949 to early 1951，Hou Waulu serves as the director of the history department of Beijing Normal University，After the establishment of the New China。How to change the old history system into a new historical department? How to help teachers and students actively learn Marxism and actively，and use Marxism'Bet365 lotto review s position、Viewpoint and Methods Look at history? This is a crucial aspect of the hundred industry to be in the prosperity。Hou Waulu cultivated with its deep theoretical cultivation、Flexible working methods and meticulous thoughts inspiring，I did a lot of work in this regard。His high sense of responsibility，Fourth -year students who decided to graduate in the summer of 1949。In addition to teaching "History of Social Development", "Dialectical Materialism and History"，Invited Chu Tunan、Wang Yanan、翦 赞、Deng Chumin and others went to the History Department to make special reports or professors in the history department，Welcome by students。At the same time，Hou Waulu hire Bai Shouyi again、Matt is a full -time professor of history，hire Yang Shaoxuan、Zhang Yunfei、Wang Zhen、Miao Chuhuang to the History Department of the History Department。other，He also invited Guo Dali to teach "Political Economics"、He Sijing speaks of the "Communist Declaration"，etc.。Under the promotion of these important measures，New Teacher Teacher is new，Create a new atmosphere of academic research guided by Marxism。To promote the learning Marxism in order to promote the teachers and students of the department，Hou Waulu also personally opened the "Material Basis of Chinese History" and "Research and Use of History Materialism"。He also suggested that you learn a classic work，Discussion once a week，Take turns to talk about experience。He also established the "China General History Teaching Group" in the Department of History，It aims to gradually establish a Chinese general history cognitive system under the guidance of materialist history。Hou Waulu cares about the growth of young people、Development，Encourage young people to study hard，Study Drilling。He once gave a banner to the assistant，It reads: "Perseverance，Rotten wood is not folding; perseverance，Goldstone can be carved。"" This incident spread in the history department，Many young people are encouraged。

From these specific work，We clearly see，An outstanding Marxist historian、Theorist，How did he show his extraordinary things in ordinary work。Hou Waulu thinks about his work at the History Department of Beijing Normal University: "Party's cause，Unswelling "，"Party's commission，A major responsibility "。(above, see Liu Shujuan: "Comrade Hou Waulu in the Department of History of Beijing Normal University"，"Research on History History" 1982, No. 3)

　　Creation of the new world of the study of Chinese thought

Hou Waulu has been in his academic career for more than 50 years，Works, etc.，Emphasis on the academic community。His "Ancient Chinese Social History Theory", "The Theory of History of Chinese feudal Social Social", "History of Ancient Chinese Thought", "History of Chinese Rebels", and "History of Chinese Thought" written by him and collaborators，A widely impact in the academic community at home and abroad，Demonstrate the characteristics and style of Chinese Marxist history。Especially his "work of the mountains" "The theory of the History of the Ancient Chinese Social Society" has attracted much attention from scholars，Some scholars believe: "" Theory of the History of Social Society in China "is the work of Hou Waulu，It occupies an important position in the history of Chinese Marxist history。He became one of the founders of Chinese Marxist historical sciences，and long -term representing a unique Marxist historian genre。"(Tianchang 5:" The creation of Marxist historical science -Re -Reading "Ancient Chinese Social History Theory"，"Literary History and Philosophy" 1988, No. 2) Another scholar commented: In the 1920s, Li Dazhao's "History Essentials"，In the 1930s, Guo Moruo's "Ancient Chinese Social Research"，In the 40s, Bet365 lotto review there is "Theory of the History of Social Social Social" in the 1940s，"It has a pioneering status in the history of Marxist history，This does not deny the achievements of other historians and historians in historical work，But these three works are more representative。... We talk about the historical development of modern China ... Can't talk about it in general，It should also be developed。There should be differences，Staged development，There should be differences。"(Bai Shouyi:" Academic Achievements of Comrade Wailu "，above, see "Commemorative Hou Wai Lu Wen Collection") These all emphasize the pioneering role of "Theory of the History of Social Society in China"，Bai Shouyi further evaluates from the perspective of the development of Chinese Marxist history。

The other arguments of Hou Waulu in the historical world also praise，Here we must focus on the five volumes and six volumes and six volumes of "Chinese Thoughts" written by Hou Waulu with collaborators。This is because of，This great work has a wider range of academic impact and social impact，At the same time, it clearerly indicates，How Hou Waulu uses the theoretical and method of Marxist materialist history and methods to study the history of Chinese thought。Hou Waulu at the end of the book "Tough Pursuit" is in the "Brief Total Review"，There are as follows:

Although some comrades said that our ideological history is a book of its own system，But we dare not proclaim themselves。I want to explain it，What we pay attention to in history research is not our own "system"，Instead，Summarize China's long and rich historical heritage。Therefore，I talk about our research principles and methods below。

From Houwaulu's view，No "system"，First of all, it depends on whether the "principle and method" based on the researchers is reasonable。This passage tells people: The system is important，But the principles and methods of the construction system are first clear and prudent choices that must be clear and prudent。

Hou Waulu said "our research principles and methods"，There are two main items。One is:

Use Marxism, especially political economics theory，Analysis of the history of social history and the history of thought，Explain the economic foundation and upper -level buildings、Dialectics between ideology，It is the principle that our ideology is closely mastered。Put the thinker and their thoughts in a certain historical scope for analysis and research，Think of thinkers and their thoughts as flesh and bloody things that are rooted in the soil of society，People are people in society，Thought is the thought of society，instead of isolated abstract inspection。

Brief words，The study of the history of thought should be based on social history，thinkers and their thoughts are generated in a certain social soil。Therefore，If the study of social history、Unclear understanding，Research in the history of thought、Knowing will be affected by it。This "principle and method" summarized by Hou Waulu，It is based on the basic principles of Marxist materialism，Understanding easy to understand，Understanding easy to understand，Make people read to be inspired。

Another "principle and method" that Hou Waulu said is to pay attention to materials and how to use materials。He wrote:

Seeking truth from facts，Depart from the actual material，Analysis and study，Another principle that "History of Chinese Thought" always mastered。Historical materials to write history，Otherwise, it will be unavoidable in the air。"The History of Chinese Thought" attaches importance to the simplicity of materials，The purpose is to use the material as the basis for explaining the problem。Our research on a thinker，First of all, understand its era、Life (academic tradition)，and its own works，and their own works are the most basic materials。

Bet365 lotto review The material mentioned here，Including the time、Materials in several aspects of life and works，No material is not enough to explain the problem。Of course，The materials are also unreliable or incomplete and reliable，But the necessary research must be made，Easily doubt or negate the authenticity of the material and the attitude of its value is not desirable。Hou Waulu emphasized "seeking truth from facts，Depart from the actual material，Analysis and Research "principle and method，​​It is still a very important question in today's historic research。

Hou Waulu is deep in theory and is well -known to the classics，This endowment enables him to give full play to the talent and wisdom of the study of Chinese ideology and history from the history of materialism。Let's read the first chapter of the volumes of "Chinese Thought's History"，You can read such a tongue: "Ancient Chinese Society and Ancient Thought" (Volume 1)，"The Thought of Society and Han Dynasty" (Volume 2)，"The composition of the socio -economic and economic composition of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties" "The character and appearance of the thoughts of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties" (Volume 3 1、Chapter 2)。It is worth noting that，The first volume of the fourth volume is entitled "Second、3、Four Volume Preface -the General Principles of Fulia Production Relationships and Chinese Feudalism，Obviously a further explanation of the study of social history from Qin and Han dynasties，The first chapter of the fourth volume is titled "The development of the feudal society in China and its features that change from the early stage to the later stage"。The above parts reflect the basic point of view of Hou Waulu's Chinese feudal society history。Someone thinks，There is no special discussion of Song here、yuan、The social history background of the development of science in the Ming Dynasty，It is a "regret" (see Huang Xuanmin Wen in "Commemorating Hou Waulu's Collection"。Of course，1984 from Hou Waulu、Qiu Hansheng、Publishing of the History of Song and Ming Confucianism edited by Zhang Zhi，This "regret" is also made up for。"History of Chinese Thought" Volume 5，Discussing China Enlightenment Thought，All three brands a total of seventeen chapters，The first chapter of each chapter of each chapter is: "The characteristics of Chinese society and the trend of thought in the 17th century" "The formation of Chinese society and special sinology in the eighteenth century" " Social and Sicing Tide "。This article is not avoided，List the above -mentioned benaries，In order to highlight the principles and methods emphasized by Hou Wailu and their characteristics。

Hou Waulu wrote at the end of "The Pursuit of Toughness":

Our job is just a preliminary exploration of the history of Chinese thought，China's rich and precious ideological heritage needs to be further organized and summarized。"Green，Take it in blue and blue; Ice，Water is cold for water。"The famous saying of Xianzhi Xunzi said that the truth later lived。I deeply hope and deeply believe，History of thought in our country、Forest of the works of the history of philosophy，Ling Yun's Jie Guan will appear in the future。

These words，Tell the expectations of the older generation Marxist historian for the descendants，also expressed the belief in the glorious prospects of Chinese Marxist history。

　Dedicated to "Nationalization of Marxism History Science"

1946，Hou Waulu wrote in the reprinted preface of "The History of the Ancient Chinese Thoughts theory": "In the past four or five years, there are not more than ten kinds of books about the history of Chinese thought in the history of Chinese publishing，This science can be said to have far reached a considerable level。"He mentioned Guo Moruo’s" Ten Critical Books "、Du Shou Su's "The Thought of the Pre bet365 Play online games -Qin Son"、Ji Xuanbing's "The Analects of Confucius"、Yang Rongguo's "On Kongmo"，I wrote without excitement: "Although the opinions of the books are inconsistent，And all exclusive research，complement each other。"So，He wrote again: Although "dysfunction" and "controversy" still exist，"But，Chinese scholars have exceeded the language that just imitates Western Europe ... In the past, they always took the footsteps of Europe and the United States and Japan when they studied problems，but now it's different。They can use the new method by themselves on their own soil，Digging the cultural tradition of your own nation。... I believe that on the one hand, the research will present the literary world in the world in terms of performance，Although it is not separated from its naivety，And Anbu always can see " when learning steps。This paragraph，It can be seen as a summary of the preliminary establishment of Chinese Marxist history。The so -called "new method，Digging the cultural tradition of your own nation "，It uses Marxist theory to summarize China's historical heritage，Even if Marxist history shows Chinese style and Chinese style。This is undoubtedly a major change in the history of Chinese history。In those difficult years，Chinese Marxist history is fruitful，and a group of advanced historians -Marxist historian，It has gradually passed the "learning step" stage in the struggle and matured，Become the backbone of widely spread Marxist history。(See Bai Shouyi edited "Introduction to History"，Ningxia People's Publishing House 1983 edition)

From the perspective of development，Quote from Hou Waulu later advocated the earlier expression of "the nationalization of Marxist historical science"。From the perspective of historical and reality，He criticized the phenomenon of "research issues always take the footprints of Europe, America and Japan"，It still has enlightenment today。From the perspective of prospects，Hou Waulu believes that the performance of Chinese Marxist history will definitely be followed by the "literary world of the world"。In short，This paragraph of Hou Waulu，Deeply reflect the consciousness of Chinese Marxist historian、Confidence、Self -strong quality and concept。

40 years later，that is, 1986，Hou Waulu in "Selected Works of Houwailu History Paper · Self -preface"，Very clearly explain the problem of the nationalization of Marx's historians。This is when he once again "talk about my research principles and methods" again，Among them, Article 8:

Note the nationalization of Marxism historical science。The so -called "nationalization"，It is to make China's rich historical information，and Marxist historical sciences about the development of human society，Do a unified study，Summarize the laws and historical characteristics of Chinese social development from it。Theoretical and methods of historical sciences in Marxism，Gold the key to study the history of the Chinese nation，But we can't just be an appreciation of the golden key，should take it to open the treasure house of ancient Chinese history。

This is the question of "nationalization" from the principle，The first is to summarize the laws and historical characteristics of Chinese social development in general research，This is the goal of research; the second is to be good at using the theory and method of Marxist historical sciences，This is the path of research。Bai Shouyi is highly evaluated from these two aspects of the historical status of "Theory of the History of Social History in China"，I believe that Hou Waulu "study Chinese history is to Chinese history theory，It can also be said to be the nationalization of Marxist history theory。This is very important。Other Marxist historical works promoted Marxist theory，Also try to combine Marxist theory with Chinese bet365 best casino games history，But grabbing Chinese historical characteristics，This comrade in Lailu is the most prominent "。(Bai Shouyi: "The Academic Achievements of Comrade Outer Lu"，See "Memorial Houwai Lu Wen Collection")

Hou Waulu proposed "the nationalization of Marxism historical science"，Is with its historical roots。He continued to write in "Self -Preface": "Since the May 4th Fourth, the historic community has a blind imitation of foreign formalism，Attempts to change Chinese history in accordance with the Western historical model，Do the so -called ‘full westernization’，often falling into the mud pits of national nihilism。I don't take it seriously about this style of learning，I said in the 1940s: Chinese scholars should learn to use their own language to explain their own history and trend of thoughts，Learn to use new methods to dig out the excellent cultural tradition of your own nation。In this aspect，I used some energy。For example，Discussion on the special path of the development of ancient society and the characteristics of the development of ancient ideas，The excavation of the fine tradition of materialism in the history of Chinese thought and anti -sealing authentic thought，All the attempts I made in the process of exploring historical sciences。"For these words of Hou Waulu，We seem to be regarded as a philosophy of "confession"，From it may see his anxiety、Pursuit and wisdom。

Hu Sheng in the end of the article "Comrade Houwai Lu"，Once commented on Hou Waulu's academic achievements，"Later researchers，Even if I do not agree with his or one view，But you can't not pay attention to his research results，A nutrients from a large number of works from his and his collaborators "。Today，When we face 33 volumes of "Research on Hou Waulu's Works and Thought" (editor -in -chief of Zhang Qi Zhi，Changchun Publishing House 2016 Edition) Giant，"Diven nutrients" thinks of development，It really is what "later researchers" should do。Of course，This is not only so on Hou Waulu's academic achievements，The academic achievements of all the older generation Marxist historians should be like this。As a member of the group of Marxist historians，Hou Waulu and other scholars，Together with the Chinese school of Marxist history，Open the glorious prospects of Chinese Marxist history。

　(The author is a senior professor at the School of History of Beijing Normal University)