Shen Zhiyuan (1902-1965)，Original name Shen Huichun，Xianshan, Zhejiang，Economist。I studied at Lili No. 1 Middle School in Zhejiang Province，Dedicated by the school for participating in the Patriotic Student Movement。After going to Shanghai to study，In 1925。December 1926，Dispatching by the Organization of the Communist Party of China，Study at Sun Yat -sen University, Moscow, the Soviet Union。After returning to China in December 1931。1933-1938 successively at Shanghai Jinan University、Peking University (now Peking University) French Business College、Teaching of Northwest University，At the same time, engage in Marxist political economics and philosophy, and translations。Its famous work "New Economy Outline" was published in May 1934，His translated "Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism" (above volume) was published in 1936。Participated in Shanghai in 1936 to rescue Congress。During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as editor -in -chief of Chengdu's "University" magazine and deputy editor -in -chief of Chongqing Life Bookstore，Edited the quarterly magazine "Theory and Reality"。September 1944，Said Shen Junru、Ma Zhemin introduced to join the Democratic League。October 1945，Elected the Central Committee Member at the first National Congress of the People's League，Salvation of the Central Executive Member of the Congress。February 1946，The Central League Central Committee held a meeting in Shanghai.，Announced the establishment of the preparatory committee of the Shanghai Branch of the Local League，Advance Shen Zhiyuan、Huang Jingwu is the convener。The branch was established in August of the same year，As a member of the branch。In January 1948, attended the Third Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the League，Acting Director of the Central Propaganda Committee of Renmin League。

In June 1949, it was selected as a member of the Drafting Group of the Common Program，Participate in the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference。After the founding of New China，The Director of the Compilation Bureau of the General Administration of Publishing、Director of the Counselor's Office of the East China Military and Political Committee。1954，Elected as the representative of the first National People's Congress。In 1955, he was elected as a member of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。Former Standing Committee member of the Central Committee of the China Democratic Alliance、Democratic League Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Chairman。His main works include "Planning Economy Outline", "New Economy Outline", "History of Modern Economics", "Introduction to New Democratic Economy", etc.。

Shen Zhiyuan is the outstanding spreader of Marxist political economics in China，It is also an important scholar and pioneer in China's early research on political economics。The former dean of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Hu Sheng, once commented: "Comrade Shen Zhiyuan is an economist who has contributed to the spread of Marxism。An important turning point in the Chinese Revolution in the 1930s，He is actively engaged in Marxist political economics、The writings and translations of philosophy，Elapse the basic theory of Marxism，Help many people master the basic principles and basic methods of Marxism。No matter what environment is，His belief in Marxism is unswerving，firmly believes that Marxism is the truth of science，and take the truth of spreading the truth。”

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1902，Shen Zhiyuan was born in a countryside in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang，Original name Shen Huichun。In 1919, it was promoted to the famous Zhejiang Provincial Middle School，Since then he has participated in the revolutionary struggle。Due to participating in the May 4th Patriotic Movement，Shen Zhiyuan was "advised to withdraw Bet365 lotto review from school" by the school，Go to Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Middle School to continue studying。In 1924, he met Hou Shaoqiu, the leader of the early CCP worker movement，and was introduced to the middle school department of Shanghai University at the "Revolution Cradle" at that time。At that time, the teaching director of Shanghai University was Chen Wangdao，Many theoretical workers of the Chinese Communist Party are gathered here。Shen Zhiyuan later recalled，He taught at the middle school department of Shanghai University at that time，and Zhang Wentian、Wang Jiaxiang and others also engaged in revolutionary propaganda activities in the Middle School before going abroad。

1925 Shen Zhiyuan joined the Communist Party of China，and participated in the May 30th Movement。December 1926，dispatched by the party organization，He goes to the Soviet Union Moscow to study，At the same time, there are Zhang Wentian who went from Shanghai to the Soviet Union、Wang Jiaxiang and others。In 1929, he graduated from Sun Yat -sen University, Moscow，I learned to include political economics、History of European Social Development、Dialectical materialism courses，I taught English and taught English、Russian and German。Due to excellent grades，Later, I was admitted to the Graduate Student of the Moscow China Institute of China，Study Marxism -Leninism，Laipan deep theoretical foundation。During the Soviet Union，Shen Zhiyuan also participated in the Chinese compilation work of the "Communist International" magazine and the six volumes of "Lenin Selection"。This laid a solid foundation for his writings and translation work in the future。

At the end of 1931，Shen Zhiyuan left his four -year -old son in the Soviet Union，Go back to China to participate in the revolutionary work of the leadership of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China。From early 1932 to June 1933，Shen Zhiyuan has successively served as a member of the Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Commission of the Communist Party of China and a member of the Central Cultural Commission，He also served as a member of the Social Scientist Alliance (Social Federation)、Standing Committee member，Participate in Edit "Research" magazine。Shen Zhiyuan once served as the party secretary and minister of the "Social Federation"。June to August 1933 after a typhoid disease，He lost contact with the party organization。，He has moved to Shanghai Jinan University、Peiping University、Northwest University、Hong Kong Dade College、Xinjiang College and various anti -Japanese bases continue to publicize Marxist doctrine。

1936，Shen Zhiyuan participated in the establishment of the "Save Congress" in Shanghai。The Ministry of Education of the Kuomintang dismissed Shen Zhiyuan at the end of 1938、Cao Jinghua and other eight progressive professors。Shen Zhiyuan went to Chongqing，Deputy Chief Editor -in -Chief of Life Bookstore hosted by Zou Tao，And editor -in -chief of Life Bookstore's large -scale theoretical season "Theory and Reality"。

October 1940，"Southern Anhui Incident" after，Arrangement by Zhou Enlai，Shen Zhiyuan evacuated with a group of cultural progressists to Hong Kong。During Hong Kong，He participated in the editing work of "Popular Life" weekly after the re -publication，and Zou Tao Fen、Mao Dun、Jin Zhonghua and other nine people published "Our attitude and proposition to state affairs" on the No. 4 Popular Life "，condemned the Kuomintang government's destruction of the progress of Japanese progress，Nine claims to propose the anti -Japanese anti -Japanese。

June 11, 1945，Shen Zhiyuan's editor -in -chief "University" (monthly)，This was a publication affected by the Communist Party of China at the time，The basic position is anti -fascist、Opposition to Chiang Kai -shek's personal autocratic dictatorship，Fight for democratic politics，Discuss the road of socialism and people's democracy。On the 4th issue of the journal，Shen Zhiyuan published "Looking for the World from the Economic System"，Proposed "In order to build an independent、Democracy、Prosperous New China，It must first thoroughly clear the manipulation of the bureaucratic capital and the existing unreasonable bet365 best casino games land system that reforms thoroughly "。November 1945，Shen Zhiyuan is instructed by the party，Back to Shanghai Reinstall "Theory and Reality"。

1944，Shen Zhiyuan as a member of the parliament，Said Shen Junru、Ma Zhemin introduced to join the Democratic League，Become the first member of the Central Committee。October 1945，At the first national conference of the National League, he was selected as a member of the Central Committee，Salvation of the Central Executive Member of the Congress。February 1946，The Central Committee of the League held a tea party at the Shanghai member，Announced the establishment of the preparatory committee of the Shanghai Branch of the Local League，Advance Shen Zhiyuan、Huang Jingwu is the convener。January 1948，Shen Zhiyuan attended the Third Plenary Session of the No. 1 Central Committee of the Central Committee of the League Central Committee in Hong Kong，Acting Director of the Central Propaganda Committee of Renmin League。The Third Plenary Session of the First Central Committee of the League of China has been fiercely debated，Abandoned "Midway"，Accept the new democratic revolution program from the Communist Party of China，Oppose Chiang Kai -shek's dictatorship。According to Qianjiaju's memory，Shen Zhiyuan participated in drafting the declaration of this meeting。

In response to the call of the Communist Party of China on convening the New CPPCC meeting，Shen Zhiyuan arrived in the Northeast in October 1948。In June 1949, he was selected into the third group of the new political consultation meeting for preparation meeting，Zhou Enlai and Xu Dezheng served as the team leader and deputy team leader。The task of this group is to draft the joint program of the new political consultation meeting (later named "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference")。September 21 of the same year，He participated in the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference。October 1, 1949，Shen Zhiyuan ascend to Tiananmen City Tower，Participate in the founding ceremony。Early in the founding of New China，Shen Zhiyuan served as a member of the Education Committee of the Central People's Government、Director of the Compilation Bureau of the General Administration of Publishing of the Central People's Government、People's Bank of China consultant、Member of the East China Military Political Committee and director of the Counselor Office。1954，Shen Zhiyuan was elected as the representative of the first National People's Congress，Since 1959, he will be the third、Member of the Fourth National CPPCC。

　Principles of Marxist Philosophy and Material Dialectics

Shen Zhiyuan's first Marxist philosophical work was "Hegel and Dialectics" published in 1932。This 120,000 -word book mainly discusses the three development stages of dialectics from Hegel via Marx to Lenin，The focus is on the main content of Marxist dialectics。Shen Zhiyuan wrote in the book's preface: "Modern philosophy is not other，It is precisely dialectical materialism and dialectics of materialism。This is the entire view of the entire Marxist bottom of the universe "，"Marx applies the dialectics of materialism to the research of capitalist background，Discovered the inner law of the capitalist bottom ... According to these rules，Capitalism is inevitable to change to its opposite aspects "。The biggest feature of this work，It is a multi -party discussion that dialectics is a proletariat to know the world、The theory and methodology of transforming the world，Is the logic of the revolution，Emphasizing the unity of theoretical and practical。This is also the academic guidance of Shen Zhiyuan's study of Marxist philosophy。

The 1930s，China already has a lot of Marxism's popular readings，and Shen Zhiyuan's translation and writing are particularly welcomed。1939，Vice President of the University of Anti -Japanese Military and Political University、Luo Ruiqing, the director of the Political Department of the Eighth Route Army, said when talking about the education of military cadres，Senior cadres above the regiment should read a few philosophical books，The Book of Philosophy should be the first "Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism theory" translated by Shen Zhiyuan。Comrade Bo Yibo, who is responsible for economic work in the future, also publicly mentioned the impact of this book on him。

Shen Zhiyuan's translation，It has a more profound impact on the Sinicization bet365 live casino games of Marxism。December 1936，Soviet scholar Miding waited、Shen Zhiyuan's "Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materials theory" (volume) published，Mao Zedong carefully studied this book before July 1937，I made a comment at the same time。There are 186 pages on the 491 pages of the whole book. There are Mao Zedong's notes and symbols，The number of comments is more than 2600 words。These important memories，Later, I was collected into the 1988 edition of "Mao Zedong Philosophy Complex"。In fact, these comments were preparations for Mao Zedong's lectures for the Red Army University in 1937，This lecture entitled "Dialectical Materialism (Teaching Outline)"，Some of which became the initial form published by the "two theories" (development theory and practice theory) this year。In translation，Shen Zhiyuan’s "Preface" of the theory of Marxistism、Practical、Development, Introduction to Introduction。For example，He summarized: "The creator of Marxism believes that everything in the universe is changing，He is not an exception "，etc.。He also pointed out，This book focuses more on the practice of Russia and the Soviet Union，Chinese readers should pay attention to the theory in the book with a certain distance from the Chinese struggle practice，and the sentences involving the struggle and propaganda of the Soviet Union at the time were appropriately deleted。

The "New Philosophy Dictionary" compiled by Shen Zhiyuan was published in 1933，This is the first Marxist philosophy dictionary edited by the Chinese，Becoming a large number of young self -cultivation of Marxism。Shen Zhiyuan in this 300 -page dictionary，Including the concept of many Marxist philosophy、category，Some entries are as long as 3 pages。In 1936, Shen Zhiyuan's "Basic Issues of Modern Philosophy" published，The book is closely linked to the public life and social practice，in order to provide "hard work all day、Friends of Poor Time Economy "。"Reading and Life" magazine evaluation: "Although there are only more than 40,000 words，But it completely relieves the backbone of modern philosophy。"" incomplete statistics，The book was reprinted 15 times from 1936 to 1951。

Famous biologists、Academician Tan Jiazhen, a geneticist, wrote: "I know Shen Zhiyuan，The earliest was through his famous monographs and translation of "New Economy Outline", "Hegel and Dialectics", "Dialectical Materialism and History"，These books have had a great impact among our generation of intellectuals。""，Shen Zhiyuan also wrote "Modern Philosophy Criticism" (1936)、"History of Modern Dialectics" (1946) Two Marxist philosophical works of more than 100,000 words，The latter repeatedly reprinted，until 1954。His Speech of the New People's Life From August to October 1941, a serial number of "Youth Knowledge" to the 11th of the "Youth Knowledge"，In 1946。This book is reprinted multiple times，Welcome to the young people at the time。

　　The first system introduces Marxist political economics

1933，Shen Zhiyuan's "Planning Economics Outline" published。At that time，Unprecedented economic crisis sweeps the entire capitalist world。Some economists in the West attempted to transplant the Soviet Union's plans to capitalist society without changing the capitalist system，Save Capitalism。At that time, there were also people in China that attached this view。Shen Zhiyuan pointed out in the "Planning Economics Outline" and pointed out: "Only under the socialist system，Planning to realize it may be possible。"He pointed out，The root cause of the conflict between the state and productivity and purchasing power of capitalist production，"It is just a capitalist production method -that is, the contradiction between the production of the foundation and the privacy of the bottom of the bottom"，So，Do not change the capitalist production method，And if you want to eliminate production anarchy and make consumption catch up with the development of production，Impossible。

Shen Zhiyuan's famous work "New Economy Outline" (1934 edition) is my country's first system、Specify the monograph on Marxist political economy。This book written in smooth vernacular texts from the first edition of Beiping Economics Society in 1934 bet365 best casino games to the 18th renewal，From 320,000 words to 620,000 words，After the establishment of New China。In publishing preface，He wrote，This book is "Make a hunger and hungry crowd that generally does not have the opportunity of college education，After reading this book, you can correctly understand the real problem "。Until the 1970s，The content of the capitalist part of "Political Economics" in some universities in China (even the format of the small title) is still imitated。

Show the theoretical system of Marxism -Leninist political economics，It is a major feature of the "New Economy Outline"。Previous in the book，Not only does it contain the main content of Marx's "Capital"，also includes the main content of Lenin's "Empires is the highest stage of capitalism"。The next part of the book，Discuss the content of the socialist economic theory that other political economy works rarely discuss at that time。The 3rd edition of the book in 1936，also enriched the discussion of the former capitalist economic form。The book in the book with the logic of popular language and argument，The point of view of Marxism，The trend of human historical development that capitalism must be replaced by socialism is argued。

It is worth noting that，The 1930s，Domestic academic circles generally believe that economics mainly studies commodity economy and capitalism，And when Shen Zhiyuan wrote this book, he introduced the planned economy，Study socialist economy。He also began to pay attention to problems in the Soviet plan system，He believes: "Some forms of economic difficulties or disorders in the Soviet economy are possible，but not inevitable "，"This" panic "occurred，Not because of the regularity of the Soviet economy ... but because of the external、Subjective disposal or guidance and organization is not perfected "。

Another masterpiece of Shen Zhiyuan "History of Modern Economics"，It is the first Chinese history of modern economics with Marxism。This book was published by a life bookstore in 1937，After the two editions were released，In 1944, it was revised and renamed "History of Modern Economics"，until 1950，Reuse at least 7 times。In the 1930s，China's economics community is full of various economic doctrines in the West，and lack critical absorption of Western economic theory。Shen Zhiyuan wrote in the self -preface of the revised version of 1944: "The characteristics of the bottom of this book ... Just use the new economics methodology to expose the historical background of each economics.，From a specific historical stage of social and economic development，To explain the root source of this economics and its development trends; the second use of historical perspective，To make a proper evaluation of each learning; third, use the latest modern economic sciences view，Introduction to Criticism of the past factions in the past one by one。"Here，"New Economy Methodology" was the euphemistic statement of "Marxist Economics" at that time; "historical perspective" was "the view of materialism"; Economics view "。

To help young people learn the original classic of "Capital"，Shen Zhiyuan wrote the book "Study (Capital Theory" Begi "in 1939 (later renamed" Preparation of Study "Capital")。This book is proper、It is easy to understand，Introduced the reader how Marx used his life to study political economics、Creation of "Capital"，Introduction to Engels' contribution to this masterpiece，Explained the main content and significance of "Capital"，Introduce how the bourgeoisie and amendmentists are afraid、Attack and distorting "Capital Theory"，Explain the method of studying "Capital"，Become a "good teacher" for the majority of youth learning "Capital"。1939，Shen Zhiyuan is still accurate、smoothly translated Marx’s "Employment Labor and Capital"，As a pioneer of reading as "Capital"。This book has been repeatedly printed after the publication，Until the mid -1950s。

　　Think of MarxismSinicization of political economics

After the founding of New China，Shen Zhiyuan always firmly supports the leadership of the Communist Party of China，Continue to promote the work of the united front。1951 Shen Zhiyuan transferred Shanghai，Ren East East Military Political Committee member and director of Bet365 lotto review the Counselor、Deputy Director of the Cultural Education Committee。October，Shen Zhiyuan was selected as the chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee of the Local League，Since then, I have been re -elected for two times。He once said in a symposium: "I want to repeat，Democratic League is not a capitalist party，Represents the narrow interests of certain groups，Instead, the political group of intellectuals who struggle for the basic interests of all people。All in the place where you are in the academic community of the cultural and educational circles，Advanced people who have a history of democratic struggle，I hope everyone can participate in the Democrat，Struggle under the leadership of the Communist Party of China to develop and strengthen the people's democratic united front.。”

Shen Zhiyuan always thinks about socialist economic problems from the actual situation of Chinese socialist construction。In Shen Zhiyuan's view，Socialist planned economy is not without internal contradictions，But this contradiction is different from the contradiction between the capitalist economic system。In the 1949 edition of "New Economics Outline", the 11th editor "New Democratic Economy" added，It can show his high attention and serious research on Marxism in China。This part is an in -depth interpretation of Mao Zedong's new democratic economic theory，With nearly 80,000 words of space，Systematically explained the "Historical Premature of New Democracy", "The nature and regularity and contradictions of the new democratic economy", "the composition of the new democratic economy" and "the economic policy of the new democraticism"。1952，This part is translated into Japanese single -line "New Democratic Economic Theory"。Japanese scholars believe that after Mao Zedong published "New Democraticism"，Shen Zhiyuan is one of the earliest economists who explain the "new democratic economy"。

1955，Shen Zhiyuan was elected as one of the first 61 members of the Ministry of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。In early 1956, he served as preparatory director of the Shanghai Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，is the first director of the Institute of Economics of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences。Shen Zhiyuan thinks，As a social science，Economics Research "in the process of human work，The social relationship between people and people in the process of social production "; and political economics" study the social relationship of people and people that occur based on material production，It is the so -called production relationship ... is constantly changing，Continuous development，or in exercise。Research on the occurrence of some certain social form of production relationships in history、Development and collapse，This is the bottom task of political economics (theoretical economics) "。He also emphasized: "Production relationship is both the appearance of the society of productive forces，Of course, productivity is of course the content of the substance of social production relations。Content and appearance must be consistent，instead of isolation、Apocalypse。”

According to a researcher at Zhong Xiangcai，Shen Zhiyuan attaches great importance to the actual role of political economics when working at the Institute of Economics of the Shanghai Institute of Social Sciences。He not only wants to study the occurrence of capitalist industry and commerce in China、Development and transformation，It is also necessary to study and master Marxist political economics theory，Follow the changes in international political and economic，Study on the real economy of China。

April 1962，He goes to Beijing to participate in the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference，Listening to Comrade Zhou Enlai on behalf of the central government affirming that the Democratic Party is a party who serves socialist parties，Deep encouragement。He and Qianjiaju、Chen Hansheng、Pendi Xian、Guan Mengwen、Wu Bannong jointly signed the "Speaking of the Opinions on the current Economic Work"，It advocates open cities free trade market，to increase the supply of urban agricultural and livestock products and other consumer goods。July of that year，At the Shanghai CPPCC meeting，Bet365 lotto review He and some colleagues of the Institute of Economics of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences made a joint speech on "Efforts to Good Performance of Social Science Research"，"We often emphasize continuous revolutionary theory，But ignores its relative stability; emphasizes the role of subjective energy，But ignores the necessity of objective possibilities and respect for objective laws; ... we talk about more reforms in production relations，and the decisive role of productive forces is relatively small; emphasizing more upper buildings，Pay attention to the decisive significance of the economic foundation is less "。

August 1962，Shen Zhiyuan published "Several Issues Distribution of Labor" in Shanghai "Wen Wei Po"。The article is based on the classic Marxist -Leninist work on the socialist distribution system，Combined with the reality of China at that time，Analysis of the significance of implementing the distribution of labor for promoting socialist construction and development of productive forces，Point out that the distribution of distribution according to the labor "is the only reasonable in the socialist stage，Because it reflects the objective economic laws of socialism; it must be suitable for the law of productivity "。He thinks，Strengthening ideological and political education is necessary，At the same time, the principle of "allocation of" distribution of labor "at the same time，Pay attention to the material interests of the people，"It is an important aspect of" Politics Handsome "。

Shen Zhiyuan's life，"Growing up with the party's care and nurturing，It is a philosopher of a people，One of the pioneers of Chinese Marxist economics "(Zhu Shao Wen)。He persisted to plant the principles of Marxism on the ground of China，The earliest system、Introduced the Chinese people to Marxist political economics，Rich in writing，Enlightenment descendants。Whether in the revolutionary struggle for the New China，Still during the new democratic and socialist construction period，He is committed to putting the classic Marxist theory、Dialectic materialist philosophical essence is combined with the actual situation of China，Innovate theoretical innovation、Theoretical publicity and actual work are organically combined，has made important contributions to the Sinicization of Marxist political economy。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Economics of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)