Chenhuang Coal (1913-1996)，Writer、Literary Theorist、Film Career。Pen Name Wilder Coal、Mei Bai、Yizhi、Yiping, etc.。Participate in Wuhan Opera in 1932，Published drama review article，Edit "Times Daily" sub -issue, etc.。Published in 1934 The first novel "The Crusade in the Disaster"。In 1935, transfer to the left wing writer alliance，Edit "Literature", etc.。After the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937，After the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937，Go to Nanjing、Shandong、Xuzhou、Henan and other places to condolences to the frontline generals。In 1938, at the Department of Drama Department of the Academy of Art of Lu Xun, Yan'an、Teaching Department of Literature，Edit "Literary Front", etc.。In 1939, Luyi Literature and Art Troupe was interviewed at the headquarters of the Taihang Mountain Eighth Route Army。1945 to work in the guerrilla area of ​​Hubei, Henan and Anhui，Construction of the Literary Federation of Jin, Hebei -Luyu Border District，Founding "Northern Magazine", etc.。In 1949, participating in the preparation of the National Literary and Artists Conference，Participate in the first National Political Consultative Conference。The 1930s and 1940s，The main works he published are: the collection of short stories "Liu Maiman", "Melancholy Song", "On the Yangtze River"; the solo drama "Dawn", "During the Ghost", "Our Headquarters"; "wait。After the founding of New China, he was the director of the Film Bureau of the Ministry of Culture、Deputy Minister of Culture、Deputy Director of the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Vice Chairman of the Chinese Writers Association、Vice Chairman of the Chinese Filmists Association, etc.。Publishing literary theory works "Efforts to Create New Heroes", "Jiefang Collection", "Review and Exploration", "Chen Desen Coal Literature Review", "Climbing Collection", "Exploration and Innovation", "A Holy Fire of the Soul"; The essay collection "The Fire Fire in the Wild", "The Song of the Winter", "The Song of Dreams", "The Selection of the Journey", "The Selection of the Wilder Coal Prose"; the memoir "Eternal Commemorative", "Unforgettable Dream Song", etc.;。

Chen Wuluo Coal is a famous writer in my country、Literary Theorist、Film Career，1913 Born，Xiangyang, Hubei，Joined the Communist Party of China in 1932。Autumn 1934，He published the novel "The crowd in the disaster"，After starting literary creation activities。In 1938, I went to the Department of Drama Department of the Academy of Art of Lu Xun, Yan'an、Teaching Department of Literature。After the founding of New China，He has served as the Minister of Culture of the Central South Military Region、Deputy Minister of Culture of the Central South Military Political Committee、Director of the Film Bureau of the Ministry of Culture、Deputy Minister and Advisor of the Ministry of Culture，Deputy Director of the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Deputy Editor -in -Chief of Literature and Art、Vice Chairman and Secretary of the Secretariat of the Chinese Writers Association。

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1927，14 -year -old Chen Yudu (Chen Guangmei) joined the Communist Youth League when studying in Hankou Sixth Primary School。That is a turbulent era，Northern Expedition from victory to failure、The Communist Party from cooperation to split，After experiencing a tragic process。Chen Huan Coal invested in a child's enthusiasm，I wrote the first poem full of enthusiastic pursuit of equality and freedom，Seeing the scene of the bloody massacre again，The brutal baptism of the Storm of the Great Revolution。

1928 summer，Chenhuang Coal is admitted to Hubei Provincial No. 2 Middle School Commercial Specialty High School，Start a lot of contact with left -wing literary publications，and met Sheng Jialun、Limi、Lu Yan、Zhang Geng and others。He learns Japanese from Sheng Jialun，Under the guidance of Shengjialun，I read the Japanese version of the "Communist Declaration" for the first time。

Bet365 app download After the September 18th Incident 1931，Chen Yudu coal published new poems in the "Xinmin Daily" sub -issue。but but，He has determined that he is not suitable for writing poems from the beginning，Just use poems to express feelings。After commenting in 1932，He gave up the creation of the new poem。Later，He writes a movie comment、Literature Review、Drama comment，But I have never written poetic comment。

In the same year，Chen Desencou，Prepared and performed the opera "Carmen"，I hope "use foreign stories to give play to revolutionary feelings to influence Chinese reality" (Tian and Chinese)。The successful performance of "Carmen"，attracted the attention of the Kuomintang government，Due to the warning of the authorities to the troupe，The troupe was forced to stop activities。Chen Yudu Coal participated in the work of Wuhan Drama，The plan at the time was: Organize a troupe，A small library，Edit Publishing a Literary and Art Supplier。Finally due to conditional limits，The troupe is not organized。The library has been built，It is located on the house of Chenhuang Coal，Several people raised funds and collected hundreds of books on social sciences and literature，Among them, there are many Marx works published in Shanghai、Soviet literary works、Chinese and foreign classical literature and modern literature masterpieces。Library is not outside，Borrowing books and participating in the discussion are all progressive youths that are connected to the drama association。Chen Yudu Coal, the "Library Director"，A lot of time is used in library work，He calls this is his "university"。The editorial work of the "Times Daily" articles of literary and artistic supplements is also responsible for Chenhuang Coal，Monday "Drama and Movie" Weekly。The article is mostly Lu Yan、Zhang Geng、Chen Hua Coal Writing。After the Soviet Film "Life" was staged，Three -person name wrote a number of comments，Demonstrate two issues。Mao Dun's "Ziye" was published one after another，Chenhuang Coal also published a comment。This is his use of pen name Meibai、The beginning of the comment comments of barren coal。His works published during this period (Poetry、Comments and prose) Stepping down and integrated a copy，But one year later，It was destroyed when the Kuomintang was hunt in Shanghai。

　　Be sure to find the party

At the end of the summer of 1932，Chen Yudu coal received an important task。The Central Soviet Area should hold a meeting of the National Anti -imperial Grand Dragical League，Wuhan Anti -imperial Great League decided to send delegations to participate，Lu Yan、Zhang Geng can not open in school，So I decided to let Chenhuang Coal go。Soon，He saw Zhang Zhiyi, the head of the Wuhan Anti -imperial Great League，Know that there are five people in the delegation，Workers' representatives、Student representative、Representative of the Drama Federation、Representative of the Drama Federation、Military Representative (head of the regiment)。Five people have never seen each other before leaving，I only met each other on board。Before leaving，Lu Ye also explained two tasks on behalf of the drama couplet: First, bring a letter to Lyney，Criticizing him to abandon his career for love (Chen Hua Coal told this experience in an article that misses Lini in his later years); second, he must find Shengjialun，Find the Shanghai Drama Alliance through him，Then be sure to find the party。Chenhuang Coal is excited and unexpected，I didn’t expect this trip to take such an important task，After boarding the ship，Only found that many situations did not figure out，Is there any party relationship in the delegation? Is the head member of the party?，He doesn't understand and dare not inquire casually。

Chen Yudu coal with his first novel "The crowd in the disaster"，Back to the place of birth -Shanghai, who has left for seven years，Where is the delegation waiting for the trip to the Soviet Area。Starting to live in briefly，Only Chen Huan Coal has grown up in Shanghai since he was a child，Others are all outside accent，Chen Huan Coal became the only person in the group to go out for activities。He found Lini，Completed bet365 best casino games the first task of Lu Yan's advice。The second task becomes complicated。He always thinks，Wuhan Anti -imperial Grand Mandarin delegation went to the Soviet Area to participate in important meetings，There will be no party relationship in the delegation，The oldest leader of the older group should be a party member，But he has no way to confirm，In more than two months,，He has not even asked the identity and experience of the old man。He and Limi、Sheng Jialun contact after contact，I also participated in some activities of the Shanghai Opera Federation。but，It is not so simple to find the party through the drama federation，He dare not act rashly。When the delegation is constantly changing the land，He also lived in the same room with a comrade named Corida in Zuo Lian，Listen to the situation in the literary world of Shanghai，and finally can't help taking out his novels and ask him to give your opinion。Corida has taken a lot of modifications after reading it carefully，It should be said that Kurda is the first reader of his novel creation。But he disappeared just three or four days later，Even after the founding of New China, there is no trace，Chen Huramou does not know his real name，It was even more impossible to ask him about the party's affairs at that time。Waiting for the days when you go to the Soviet Area，There are two or three comrades to introduce information in Shanghai，One of the old Feng Feng talked about the status of the drama industry in the literary world in Shanghai。Talk to Feng Xuefeng after many years，Chen Yudu coal only determined that he was Lao Feng。He remembers the Zhejiang accent in Lao Feng，One black and hard hair，When talking about important issues, the eyes will stare at you tightly，At that time, they were so close to each other and so far ... That was the moment when Chen Yudu coal was anxious to "find the party"。

　The shiny meteor in the night

The days when you wait for the departure look very long every day，Traffic in the Soviet Area has always been interrupted，The delegation was trapped in Shanghai，There are many problems every day to solve it，Chen Yudu Coal, this "old Shanghai", has become the working assistant of the head of the group，Soon he knew Xiao Chen, who was sent to contact with his superiors.。

Xiao Chen's 30 years old，Ningbo people，Wearing a dark gray hat on the head，Dress up for ordinary businessmen。He is on time every time he appears，But I always say that I have to wait again。He tells everyone not to worry，Can't squat in the hotel all day，So a few people went out to go shopping。The head of the group takes the workers to go out，Chenhuang Coal brings student representatives、Representative of the Drama Federation，The place they like the most is the bookstore。In order not to attract attention，They will move home once a few days，Each residence is arranged by Xiao Chen，Then give it to the head of accommodation and meal fees。When talking about things，Although Xiao Chen is calm, he often looks very tired，He will sometimes pat his mind to think，Torn off a piece of words from the newspaper to write a few words and then burn it。Once，Chen Hua coal is very sleepy and persuaded him to take a break at the hotel，He refuses to，Chen Huan Coal had to accompany him outside to hang out。Xiao Chen walks on the road，Eyes float around，From time to time, walk into a shop and look out through the window，Or suddenly turning into a litter。Later, they entered a movie theater and sat down，Xiao Chen looked at the table for a while, instructed Chen Hua Coal to call him，Then I fell asleep on the shoulders of Chenhuang Coal。After the point，Not waiting for Chenhuang Coal Call，He has stood up，Take a picture of Chen Huramou's shoulders，Quietly。Another time，Chenhuang Coal goes to watch the drama performance，When I returned to the residence at night, I found someone to go to the building，He immediately mentioned a heating cylinder and ran out of water，I found the old man at a connection point next door。It turned out to be notified by Xiao Chen in the afternoon，Get the exact message，Search for their residence the next day in the patrol room，If they want them to evacuate immediately。The old man Bet365 app download is called Chen Desen Coal. Don't go back，But Chen Yudu thought that there were still two letters to stay in the hotel，Once it is found, it may cause trouble。Analysis again，He feels that there is no sign of being monitored when he feels，So I really hit another pot of boiling water and return to the hotel，Remove the letter and quickly clean up other things，Carefully slip out of the back door，Watch carefully while walking，until no one is tracking，Only returned to the new residence of the delegation。

Finally，After waiting for more than two months，Xiao Chen brings messages，The meeting held by the Central Soviet Area was not held due to the anti -"encirclement" war，The delegation will return to Wuhan immediately。More than two months of getting along has made Chen Wuluo coal concluded: Xiao Chen is the party sent by the party。Before leaving，He is determined to directly "connect"。He talked about Xiao Chen once alone，Frankly informed the second task of this trip，and ask the Wuhan Opera Federation to have a relationship with the underground party of Wuhan，How to answer back? Xiao Chen answered clearly，Wuhan Party Organization has been destroyed many times，I have lost contact now。This is the conversation，Xiao Chen informs him，A simple material that he wrote not long ago，Organization has been reviewed and approved，Formally absorb him as a member of the Communist Party，Can't expose your identity to anyone when you go back，Contact Xiao Chen for only communication，Waiting for the organization to send someone to Wuhan joint。That's it，Chenhuang Coal joined the Communist Party。After many years, he recalled: "No oath ceremony is held，I didn’t be as described as described in some novels，Facing the red flag sang "International Song"，Someone solemnly shook hands to congratulate me ... "Xiao Chen only left the communication address to him calmly，Exchange writing methods and important representatives，I broke up with him。What Chen Huan Coal didn't expect was，Since then he has never seen this comrade who introduced him into the party。Chenhuang Coal often think of him，I have also looked for him，But even his name is unclear。In 1939, Chenhuang Coal went to the Taihang front line 386 brigade，Listen to Chen Yan about doing underground work in Shanghai，I hurriedly told Xiao Chen's situation in detail to Chen Yan，Chen Yan immediately told him: "Xiao Chen，Ningbo people，It is a very good comrade，is the central transporter，Sacrifice for a long time! "

Xiao Chen is like a meteor that breaks through the night sky to disappear，The situation of the party joining the party of Chen Yudu has also become an unclear mystery。The 1980s，Chen Wuluo Coal suddenly received a letter from claiming to be Fu Linsheng's son -after repeated verification of Fu Linsheng as the head of the group。Old Fu has the late，In order to restore his father's reputation to his father, Chen Hua coal was requested to confirm the experience of Shanghai in 1932，Chen Huan Coal saw this in the materials they provided，The old man said when he was alive: "Chen Huan Coal, a ghost (member of Wuhan delegation)，It is also the official approval of the party this time。"" "，He finally figured out that the old man was a party member，Also someone can prove his problem of joining the party，But the comrades of that year have long left。This is really more tortuous than the plot of the novel。

　　From the drama couplet to the left

Autumn 1932，Chenhuang Coal returns to Wuhan，At the time of a person in charge of the Wuhan Anti -imperial Great League, he was arrested，Organization is damaged，The work of the drama is also more difficult。

Chen Huan Coal did not disclose his identity to anyone。He wrote two letters to Xiao Chen，Only one reply is received，Great It is that the business economy is not dazzling now，Don’t be irritable，Be patient waiting for the timing，See if the situation of next year is a bit transformed。Xiao Chen will have no news after that afterwards，He can no longer write a letter。Autumn 1933，Chen Yudu Coal caused trouble by publishing a left -wing movement news，Resignation of the editor -in -chief of the supplement，Back to Shanghai again。

Chen Yudu Coal participated bet365 live casino games in the work of Shanghai Drama，Creation solo drama "Dawn"，and Jinshan、Zhao Dan and others for rehearsal performances，Post a comment article，Still teaching class at the Public Education Museum、Counseling Night School Students and Female Workers' Restoration。He has repeatedly escaped the authorities' search and hunting，After participating in the Greater Drama Society performed，Arrested with the staff of the whole community at the Shanghai Railway Station。During the interrogation, he did not expose his identity，Later through collective bail to prison。1934，His first novel "People in the Disaster" published in "Literature Season"。This is a novel with Wuhan's flood as the background，Described a group of in a group of floods、Hungry forced the victims who left their hometowns，revealing the pain caused by suffering to people。Although the structure of the novel is a bit loose，But the author uses a delicate and emotional pen，portrayed the vivid character image，Drawing a bleak life picture，Leave a deep impression on the reader。After that，Chen Hua Coal continuously published novels "Autumn", "Liu Ma Ma", "People’s Love", "Package", etc.，He proposed to the organization that he hoped to transfer from the drama to the left。

A evening in the spring of 1935，Chen Yudu coal see Zhou Yang in a small cafe in Huanlong Road, French Concession in Shanghai。The time for this meeting is not long，Mainly Zhou Yang introduced the left couplet situation，Agree with him to transfer to Zuo Lian，Finally explain him to find Stein。The next day，He contacted Sha Ting and met many writers in Shanghai.。During this period, his creation entered a climax，Published three short stories for "Liu Maimu", "Melancholy Song", "The Yangtze River"。

Except creation，Chen Yudu Coal also participated in the editing publication "Literature"，Actively participate in the left -wing organization activities，Some activities, although later, are politically naive and immature，But at that time everyone used them as a serious political struggle，With enthusiasm，Bringing life in danger and devoting themselves to invest in it。The comrades have withstood all the tests of white horror，Some people have sacrificed in the struggle。

　　Where is the organization?

June 1937，Chen Huan Coal leaves Shanghai with a boat，From Tianjin to Beiping，Ready to the Suiyuan Anti -Anti -Line Interview。When you reach the north, it is just the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident，He joined the Peiping Student Mobile Theater Company。It is the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and Communist Party，The troupe in order to obtain a legal identity，Depart from Peiping to Nanjing，With the help of Shen Junru，Jing Shaoliko、Chen Lifu、Determination of Zhang Daofan and others，Captured as a mobile theater troupe in Shandong Provincial Department of Education，The main event is in the fifth theater of the Kuomintang。Peiping Student Mobile Theater Troupe was established under the instructions of Huang Jing, Secretary of the Communist Party of China，Rong Gaotang, who assigned the Peiping Municipal Party Committee to be responsible for rural work as the leader，and several party members secretly formed the branch leaders to lead the troupe。The theater company went to Nanjing to find Shen Junru with Huang Jing introduced the letter，After getting a legal identity，The relationship between the party organization of the theater group is also sent by Huang Jing to the local party organization。

But，All of this，Chenhuang Coal from Shanghai does not know。Most of the members were Peiping Greater Middle School students，His only director who knows drama、screenwriter and actor，Then he devoted himself to the Anti -Japanese War acting drama。The "Going Devil" he created not only became an important repertoire of the group，It has also become the starring role of many actors during the Anti -Japanese War。After that，He created "July 28 Night", "Blood Banquet", etc.。He is very harsh when the director is when the director，Whether it is analyzing the script，Rehearsal performances are required Bet365 lotto review to ask everyone for professional theater standards，Fitches to continuously improve the level of the play team，In addition，He also plays various roles。Occasionally opportunity，He discovered some books abandoned by the escape people。From then on，He started to collect some literary history books，Gradually accumulate into a box，It became a mobile little library。In more than a year，The drama team rolled in Shandong、Henan、Anhui Digital Land，Hundreds of performances，No matter how hard the environment is，Chen Wuluo Coal wants to bring those books，Their performances encouraged countless anti -war generals，They also continue to learn in the war，becomes more mature and strong。

But，What makes Chenhuang coal distressed is，He lost contact with the organization again。With his observation and judgment，Rong Gaotang and others may be party members，There may be party organizations in the troupe，But，When he wants to test the real -time real -time，Others pretend to be nothing。Once，He really can't help but seize a companion who thinks he may be party members，The result touched a nose ash，The defendant may be a traitor in the group。Beiping Student Mobile Theater Company was compiled as the Shandong Provincial Department of Education.，The head of the regiment is a person sent by the Kuomintang，This is placed on the bright side，But who is the hidden traitor? The organization did not find it but argued，Complicated situation，Chen Yudu coal has to give up the idea of ​​looking for the party organization。until more than a year later in Yan'an，He finally confirmed his guess: Rong Gaotang and others are indeed party members。After a few years，He also knows that the traitor is Guo Tongzhen (Gu Wenwen)。At that time，Guo Tongzhen has also reached Peiping many times，Become the webmaster of the Kuomintang Army's unification of Peiping Station。After some years，Memories of the Grand Special Agreement in Taiwan，At that time, he knew who was the Communist Party member in the acting team，He must say that Chen Huan Coal is one of them。Original，Chenhuang Coal, who has no organizational relationship, has long been identified as a member of the Communist Party of China.。

　　The fire of hope burning in the soul

Autumn 1938，Chen Yudu coal leaves the troupe to Yan'an via Xi'an，Enter Lu Xun Academy of Art，In the Department of Drama、Teaching Department of Literature。

First arrive at Yan'an，He feels that everything is exciting: he is doing the work of the instructor，Many old friends are here，The most exciting thing is that Yan'an is filled with a revolutionary passion everywhere -Red Flag、Singing，People regardless of men, women, and children、Where can I come from，Calling "Comrade" with each other openly，The depression that suppressed for a long time seems to be completely released in the blue sky in northern Shaanxi，He published "Silent Song" describing this kind of mood from the darkness to get the light and warmth。

Chen Huan Coal, who has been looking for the organization, did not take the initiative to pick up the relationship this time。In his opinion，When you arrive at Yan'an, you naturally find the organization。until one day，He talked about his past situation with the old Red Army Li Bozhao, the old Red Army of the Drama Department，Li Bozhao listened to a surprised expression and asked: Are you a party member? He said: Of course。Li Bozhao is even more surprised: Comrade，You are a member of the party，Write the application relationship quickly! Then he knew that there was such an organizational principle。Originally thought that leaving Shanghai was approved by the organization，Now Zhou Yang、Shantin and other organizations are all，I got home by myself，How do you still need to apply? He quickly wrote an application，And for the first time, I accepted the criticism of liberalism for the first time，Although I feel a little wronged in my heart -in the days when I left Shanghai for more than a year，Although there is no organizational relationship，He has always asked himself with the responsibility of party members，But at this time he knows that he must raise understanding，Adapt to the new revolutionary environment。

Bet365 lotto review spring 1939，Chen Hua Coal leads the Luyi Literature and Art Troupe and Experimental Theater Troupe to interview at the front line of the south of the Jin Dynasty。He arrived at the Eighth Route Army Headquarters and the 1st Nineth Division，Interview with Zhu De、Liu Bocheng。He stayed in the 386th brigade for more than half a year，Participated in two battles，Recently exposed to Chen Yan、Zhou Xihan and other generals，Also familiar with ordinary cadres and soldiers of the Eighth Route Army，There are also guerrillars、militia、Children's group member ... He as a reporter from Xinhua News Agency，Everyone calls him "News"。He was also by the title of Zhou Xihan to visit some big businessmen and local gentlemen with the title of the Secretary -General of the 386th Brigade，Do publicity work。All of this enrich and change Chenhuang Coal。After returning to Yan'an，He published a series of report literature "General Chen Yan's Impression", "The Impression of General Liu Bocheng", "A Chef's Birth and Others", "New Generation", etc.，and published "Luyi Working Group in front"，Summarize the work of the Literary and Art Troupe at the front line，The outline of the literary and artistic work of the army: "Literary workers are not only written in the front to collect materials，and should work hard to launch a wide range of new literary movements -that is, the literary and artistic deeper into the public，Not only is it accepted and understood by the public，and support for the public，Generate your own literary works and writers。"He edited" Literary Front "，Responsible for the establishment of war room for war，Gradually turn the focus of writing to literary review and theoretical research。

The Yan'an period is a period when Chen Yudu coal has changed sharply and writing。He and He Qifang and others were invited to participate in long talks with Mao Zedong in the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium，and continue to conduct theoretical explorations in the later literary and artistic practice。August 1945，Chen Huan Coal leaves Yan'an，Go to the border area to form a liberal arts federation，Founding "Northern Magazine"。Wearing military uniforms in the torrent of the war of liberation with the south of the field，published a series of famous reports。He summarizes experience，Earlier I proposed to write heroes and how to write，How to break through the formula tendency from backward to transition，True description of the theoretical problems that new life and new characters are placed in front of literary workers。After the founding of New China，He continues to write comments and theoretical articles in the post of literary leadership，Published a number of works and "Chen Desencoules Collection" (10 volumes)。Starting from the Chinese Communist Party from 1932，Although the road is difficult tortuous，Chen Wuluo Coal has never given up his beliefs and pursuit，Not forgetting Xiao Chen、Kerda ... Those unknown soldiers who glow and disappear like meteors in the cruel war era。He uses "still burning the fire of hope in the mind" to describe the spirit of this generation unremitting pursuit of truth。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)