Great practice of modern China，It is already an important experimental field for social sciences，It is a lively "field"。In recent decades，An important change after the integration of Chinese social sciences and Western social sciences is to emphasize empirical research，Methodology is increasingly scientific and standardized。But because of the lack of necessary reflection on the basics behind the empirical research，Some so -called empirical research either to move a hard set with the theory，Either becomes a "technology" display that fiddles with data and methods。

One basis for the empirical research methodology is Poper's evidence (or more accurately as "test interpretation method")，It has become economics、Political Science、Leading research methodology paradigm of disciplines such as public management。The core of Poper theory is to test (testing)。Based on test，He surpassed interpretism and induction，Reconstruction of the division of science and non -science。This division is falsification，What can be falsified is scientific propositions，What cannot be falsified is non -scientific propositions，It is only hypothesis if it is not falsified，The theory is based on the facts，Once the theory is in line with the initial state，Explanation formed，Once it is in line with the subsequent state, a prediction is formed。

But，Connection of the bet365 live casino games theory and facts of the fakeism，Actually it is a "weak connection"。

On the one hand，Do not pay attention to assumptions to propose processes and facts。Like other empiricalists，Poper believes that scientific research is a hypothesis interpretation system，The scientific nature of denying the "inductive law "-" General Theory cannot be interpreted from a single statement "。The so -called summary of summary，It's just "visual hallucinations"，This makes the presence of hypothesis become "a purely private thing"。This is a "unreasonable" process，Not the task of the logic of scientific discovery，but the task of psychology。

On the other hand，It is believed that confirmation in the test is confirmed to be asymmetric，Assume that it can be falsified but cannot be proven。Popper denied that confirmed at the same time，In fact, the theory "either is falsified or always hypothesis and conjecture"，Even countless empirical research comes the results consistent with theoretical hypothesis，It can not be confirmed by the theory。

Poper theory is based on the process of discovery of natural scientific knowledge such as physics，This weak connection with facts is not a big problem，It can be screened and eliminated by the theory through the continuous proof of the pseudo -process，Realize the evolution of knowledge。but simply apply it to social science，This weak connection will cause serious disconnection of theory and reality。Especially like us a country that has been introduced in Western theory for a long time，This problem is particularly prominent。

Bet365 lotto review First，Filial filtering Question。Poper is right，The concept is the only instrument we grasp the nature。The question lies in，Sometimes the existing concept instruments not only make us clear the world clearly，Instead, it will greatly distort the real world，"Find the theoretical paradigm, but hinder understanding"。Simply use Western theory to study Chinese problems，It may cause cognitive traps and cognitive cover。

Second，"Zombie Theory" question。Theory in the field of social sciences，It may not be able to achieve the "Darwinist Survival Competition" type of survival of the fittest through continuous proven and pseudo -process。In fact，No social science theory can be completely proven for pseudo，Due to the complexity and two sides of the research object，Any theoretical hypothesis will find positive support and counter -examples。Theory is always just hypothesis，"Believers Hengxin，Unbelievable, I don't believe it "。But there are some theories that are obviously separated from facts，It can be confirmed，It is impossible to falsify，However, it can become the "zombie theory" that has long dominated many people's minds for a long time。

third，"Pseudo -science" question。The "pseudo -science" here refers to those unspeakable research that disguised as highly scientific and scientific。Review from the literature、Data collection、Data collection，Use to the use of quantitative methods，All show high scientificity，But the theoretical hypothesis proposed or meaningless，Bet365 app download If you use a cannon mosquito，or simply just hit the air。

Although Popper believes that his fakeism is different from empiricalism，But in fact it can be regarded as a variant of empiricalism。Whether it is early empiricalism，Still after logical empiricalism、Pseudo -Pseudo -Puppetism and Operation Empiricals，All are based on the scientific nature of social science，Try to evolve social sciences into a more scientific discipline like natural science。

The further problem is，The practicality of humanities and social sciences is different from the objectivity of natural sciences，The subject cannot be separated from the object。Researchers need to enter and participate in the production process of specific practice，Do not enter the specific practice generation process，Not only can’t you know the world，It can not even ask meaningful questions。

Scientific bet365 live casino games and non -scientific division proposed by empiricalism，It is still a metaphysical division of school。Compared to empiricalism，We also need to emphasize practicalism，so that our research is really based on science。Practicalist research methodology Based on Marxist epistemology，Its scientific and non -scientific boundary is based on practice -whether theory comes from practice，Is it in line with practice，Can you stand the practice test。This is what Comrade Mao Zedong said，The regular understanding of people needs to be from practice to recognition、Repeated repeatedly in recognition of practice，can be done。That is to say，The scientific and non -scientific division of theory is based on the repeated loop of practice and theory，From practice，and the theory of practical inspection was scientific，instead of just emphasizing how much science is in the form。

So，Scientific research based on practical basis，It is to form a strong link with facts，Not a weak connection，The emphasis on the proposal is mainly based on factual induction and experience refining，hypothesis needs to be further tested by practice。A single research cycle includes "facts soaking"、Theoretical dialogue、Put up hypothesis、Empirical test four steps，This is consistent with the "big cycle" of the research proposed by He Xuefeng。The key is not to look at theory first，but look at practice first，To do research first，First enter the field of research objects，I call this as the facts soaking process。He Xuefeng has a good metaphor -saturated experience，Only after the experience reaches saturation，Only when it comes out。Ferry soaking must be prefer，Don’t you have the theoretical concept first，Then pick the facts to move hard sets for life。The theoretical intuition crystals formed on the basis of fact soaking，It also needs to be purified through theoretical dialogue，hypothesis that forms a rooting practice and can talk to existing theoretical system，Only empirical inspection was performed in the end。During the empirical inspection process，To adhere to the methodology "Bringingism"，instead of nihilism and superstitions，Don't ask Chinese West、bet365 live casino games New Old、Quantitative qualitative，Use it to use，No need to fit if it is not。Any method is just a tool that serves research objects and research issues，instead of more quantitative、The more novel, the more advanced。

The cognitive cycle of practicalism is also repeatedly carried out，It is the scientific nature of the cycle that is repeatedly carried out。The theory is not only falsified，can also be confirmed，Theory is in the continuous acceptance of practice test，constantly confirmed (strengthened)，or for pseudo -proven (weakened)。The theory of real science can be described (the theoretical concept and practice are consistent)，Can explain (can explain the phenomenon that has occurred)，Can guide (can shape practice)，Can predict (can accept future practice verification)。Of course，In this process，The theory is not static，Instead, it needs to be continuously revised and upgraded。

Charlie Munger has made accurate criticism on the problems of economics，The pursuit of "false accuracy" and the tendency of quantitative formulas as "physics jealousy"。Now it seems，Not only the economics has "physics jealousy"，Sociology and other disciplines have a lot of jealousy at all。and in non -Western countries，This jealousy adds a different color。Of course，There will always be some scholars，Focus on the troubles in your field。Because they believe that the field is more powerful，Talking more authentic than talking on paper。For example，"Learning in the Field" (He Xuefeng，Peking University Press, 2021) The book reflects Bet365 lotto review the consciousness of pursuing the autonomy of social science research，From transplantation to "fields" at the feet。

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