“Philosophy” and the discipline of philosophy are imported from the West,In the process of transforming the four-part study into the seven-science system,When people return to traditional thinking and refine the material of philosophy or "find philosophy",Usually resorting to traditional Sutra and Subdivision studies,Feng Youlan uses the "Era of Confucianism" and the "Era of Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code" as the narrative framework of "History of Chinese Philosophy",is a typical example。Therefore,The interaction and integration of Jingzi studies constitute the internal mechanism of the development and evolution of Chinese philosophical thought,The modern transformation of tradition is largely about how to revitalize these two ideological paradigms。So examine Jing and Zi from a modern academic perspective、The exchange between Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism,And the philosophical relationship between Jingzi and Jingzi,You can examine the inner development of traditional scholarship and the value and significance of modernity it contains。
The proposition on the relationship between Jingzi and Zizi focuses on the interaction between Jingzi and Zizi、Communication form and communication structure。Comprehensive View of the Six bet365 sign up bonus code and the Confucius and Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucian Studies in Language、Concept、Interpenetration and integration on spiritual and other levels,Infer the homogeneity or differences between the bet365 sign up bonus code,You can use this to reflect on the exclusive view of Taoism and the relatively open theory of Taoism。At the same time,According to the objective process of academic history,Revealing the development process of the relationship between Jing and Zi and its inherent regularity,Absorbing each other from Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism、The fact of penetration,Revise the thinking of "respecting the bet365 sign up bonus code and suppressing the disciples" or "opposing the bet365 sign up bonus code",Formation of the concept of "Jingzi is integrated",And in the mutual understanding and connection between ancient and modern China and the West,Inspiring people to think about how to master the study of Jingzi,Provide a perspective that integrates Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism in writing the history of Chinese philosophical thought,Thus when demonstrating the modernity of traditional academic thought,Highlight its national characteristics and its global significance。We will explore the proposition of Jingzi relationship from three dimensions。
一,Explain the original meaning of "Jing" and "子" and their mutual bet365 sign up bonus code,Determine the knowledge object and problem domain discussed。
We know,The traditional Chinese culture (knowledge) system is "centered on governing the Tao" and divided into bet365 sign up bonus code、History、子、Collection of four parts,But regardless of the content and nature of knowledge,Let’s talk about the source and form (text genre) of knowledge,The four schools of thought are not relative and irrelevant,But similar and connected。On the one hand,This kind of similarity or homogeneity means that the classification and ordering of knowledge may change,Changes do not only occur in a certain category,It may also occur between different departments。On the other hand,Subject to four categories,The books and knowledge contained in each department may be purely mixed。The sutras are relatively pure,Including Confucian scriptures and exegesis works。After "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi", Ranzibu became the category of knowledge that Zhang Xuecheng said "driving away dragons and snakes and letting go of the jade",Except for books that clarify the way or explore principles,Books like this、Photo book、Zhanhou、Music record、Doctors, etc. are all involved,Those who violate Liu Xie’s so-called “philosophers”,Definition of "The Book of Entrance to the Way"。
We will determine the research objects by “correcting names”。As far as "经" is concerned,Traditional bet365 sign up bonus code attaches great importance to the separation of scriptures,Liu Xie said: "Chang Dao says the Sutra,Shu Jing Yue Zhuan"。"Sutra" is "the Truth",It is a universal way of the universe、Confirmed、The ultimate metaphysical statement,And "biography" is "a truth",is an explanatory example of a final statement,Or the inevitable deduction of its internal logic。Biography can be compared with the Six bet365 sign up bonus code,But it cannot be equal to the Six bet365 sign up bonus code。So from the perspective of the unity of "Jing" and "Changdao","经" only refers to the Six bet365 sign up bonus code,"Biography" is Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code,Later generations upgraded biographies and Confucian books to "jing",As Zhang Xuecheng said, "respect the sutras and merge with their descendants",Guzhang Xuecheng、Gong Zizhen advocated separate transmission of bet365 sign up bonus code and rectification of the names of the Six bet365 sign up bonus code,Restore the bet365 sign up bonus code in the "Thirteen bet365 sign up bonus code" except the Six bet365 sign up bonus code into exegetical biographies or Confucian books。As far as "子" is concerned,We define it from three dimensions: one,Zhuzi is "the book of enlightenment and determination",It is a classic book that explores principles or philosophical thoughts;Both,The scope of Zhuzi studies should include “contemporary and ancient scholars”,But as Zhang Taiyan said: "Philosophical studies are not limited to Zhou and Qin,Of course Zhou and Qin must be the main ones”;Three,The scope of Zhuzi studies is centered on the Zhou and Qin scholars,Also includes the bet365 sign up bonus code and thoughts of later generations that interpreted the studies of Zhou and Qin scholars。So,The proposition about the relationship between Jingzi and Jingzi mainly focuses on the Six bet365 sign up bonus code and the Zhou and Qin scholars,And the interpretation of the Six bet365 sign up bonus code is developed from the studies of Zhou and Qin scholars,Discuss how they interact with each other,And what kind of relationship structure is established;To what extent do their interactions regulate the nature of each other,And in what sense it shaped the Chinese people’s view of the universe and nature、Tiandao life、Lun Chang Gang Ji、Understanding of social order,Thus laid the foundation for China’s national character and national history。
二,The primary issue in the relationship between the bet365 sign up bonus code and the Confucius is to examine the interaction between the Six bet365 sign up bonus code and the Confucius,This is a fundamental issue related to the origin of Chinese philosophical thought。
The Six bet365 sign up bonus code are the foundation of Chinese philosophical thought,Or maybe it is just as shown in Hu Shi's "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy",It’s just background knowledge about the history of Chinese philosophy or thought?The “philosophical breakthrough” of China’s Axial Age can be traced back to Confucius and the Six bet365 sign up bonus code,Or Taoism has been divided into hundreds of schools of thought?Whether the Taoism of various scholars originated from the Six bet365 sign up bonus code,Is there any relationship between the two?,Is the nature of its knowledge consistent?If the Six bet365 sign up bonus code text itself has an evolution process,Not entirely from Duke Zhou or Confucius,Then,In the process of writing the Six bet365 sign up bonus code,Whether those later documents adopted the philosophy of the Confucius,To what extent the interaction between each other affects the nature and purpose of the other party?What form does this kind of interaction take?,How does it perform mentally and verbally,What kind of relationship structure is formed?And,In the history of pre-Qin thought,The true relationship between the Six bet365 sign up bonus code and the Masters may be like this,In the "Era of Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code" after the Western Han Dynasty,The definition of the relationship between the two may be like that,Because both Confucian scholars who advocate the Six bet365 sign up bonus code and scholars who respect the various schools of thought may construct and comment on the relationship between the Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and the Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code based on their own ideological stance,And use the ideological form of self-identification to stabilize the other party’s intellectual nature,Thus forming an interactive relationship between various ideological subjects。
In addition,The Confucian scripture system is changing,The expansion from "Six bet365 sign up bonus code" to "Thirteen bet365 sign up bonus code" is the result of upgrading exegetical biographies and Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code to "bet365 sign up bonus code"。The bet365 sign up bonus code of other scholars may also be respected and upgraded to "bet365 sign up bonus code",Such as "Laozi", "Zhuangzi", "Liezi", etc.,This is also "changing the zi into the sutra"。What is the relationship between the New bet365 sign up bonus code and the Six bet365 sign up bonus code,How does the New bet365 sign up bonus code, which integrates Zishu and Zixue, affect people's interpretation of the Six bet365 sign up bonus code,All kinds of problems,Explain that the evolution of the relationship between Jing and Zi is a dynamic and complex historical process,Our research must not only focus on the exploration of the inner logic of thought,We must also have a historicist vision。Prophecy,When we look at the history of traditional thought from a "long-term" perspective,We must not only pay attention to the evolution of history,What’s more important is to analyze the interaction between the sutras in the direction of the arrow of time,And to what extent the stability of the ideological structure determines and restricts the historical order。
Third,The exploration bet365 sign up bonus code relationship proposition between Jingzi and Jingzi should also focus on the interaction between Jingxue and Zixue。
First of all, we need to analyze the concept。What is bet365 sign up bonus code?What is Zixue?If you classify words from knowledge,Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code is the knowledge of interpreting Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code,Zixue refers to the thoughts of the pre-Qin scholars and the knowledge of later generations in interpreting Zishu,The difference between the two seems very obvious。However,If we look at the nature of knowledge,Both Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism are the studies of "the unity of Tao and instruments",On the one hand, it is to explore the metaphysical way,What the ancients called "righteousness",Or what people call "philosophy" nowadays;On the other hand, Boming’s physical weapon,It is what the ancients called cultural relics,Or what people call science and technology today。Besides,If the theory in "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" that "the scholars are branches and descendants of the Six bet365 sign up bonus code" is true in a certain sense,Then,The difference between Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism is probably as Xiong Shili said,One is the Shenyi of Zongjing,One is uniquely created based on the scriptures,The two approaches are different,But its origin is the same,The purpose is to achieve the same goal by different means。The era when Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code were the most dominant subject,In the defensive discourse of orthodox scribes,Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism are usually described as opposing relationships。However,"Opposition" is just an appearance,Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism often interact and integrate consciously or unconsciously amidst superficial opposition,Mutual adoption of each other at the spiritual and linguistic levels,To obtain ideological resources for innovative development,Gradually merge into spiritual communication、The study of integrating Jingzi and Jingzi with mutual use of languages。Like the Han Dynasty Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code learned a lot、ink、name、法、Yin and Yang families,Song and Ming Taoism absorbed Buddhist and Taoist thoughts,Qing Dynasty Sinology quoted Zi Xue to prove the scriptures、Explanation,This is the true situation in the history of thought as we know it。
It can be seen from this,Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Zixue pass through the spirit、Interaction in language and other aspects achieves each other's success,And shape each other about the universe and nature、Tiandao life、Lun Chang Gang Ji、Understanding of social order。In other words,The form of bet365 sign up bonus code or sub-study、Connotation and properties, etc.,Not entirely defined by itself,But it has gone through a long thought process,You can achieve what you want only by the interaction of the other party。Therefore,Using the "Era of Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code" to refer to the intellectual history from the Han Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty,This kind of universal assertion is a kind of reduction theory,Narratives and arguments that may lead to the nihilization of intellectual history,Thus neglecting the continuation and innovation of Zixue after the Han Dynasty,It also ignores that Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code achieves its own transcendence under the interactive influence of Zixue,This fails to analyze the inner mechanism of the development and evolution of Chinese philosophical thought,That is, the interaction between Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism。So,The intersubjective-like relationship between Confucian bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism,Prompt us to get rid of the traditional concept of opposition between orthodoxy and heresy,Emphasize that both bet365 sign up bonus code and Confucianism are the "main bodies" of ancient Chinese philosophy,Treat the study of Jingzi and its position in the history of philosophical thought with an equal eye。
(This article is a phased result of Guizhou Confucius Institute’s 2019 Chinese Studies independent major topic “Research on the Relationship bet365 sign up bonus code Jingzi and Confucius” (19GZGX04)
(Author’s unit: Institute of bet365 sign up bonus code, Jinan University)
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