Zhang Youyu (1899-1992)，Original name Zhang Xiangding，Word Youyi，People from Lingshi County, Shanxi Province，Outstanding Marxist jurist、Famous journalists、Politicians and international experts。In 1923, I was admitted to Beijing Law and Government University，At the same time, serving as a special writer or reporter in Beijing in Beijing, "World Daily", "World Evening News" and Shanghai "Declaration" and Hankou "Zhongshan Daily"，Published a large number of articles criticizing reactionary rule，Publicity and progressive thought。Joined the Communist Party of China in 1927，Responsible for the Kuomintang upper -level military and political personnel as a leftist intellectual、The united front work of the upper levels of the cultural world and the democratic parties，Publicity of the party's route、policy、Policy。Once sent by the party，Three times to eastward Japan to study and engage in revolutionary activities。Later in the party in Shandong in the party、The Secretary of the Henan Liaison Bureau，"Xinhua Daily" acting editor and president，Secretary -General of the North China Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。After the founding of New China，His Deputy Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China、Secretary of the Secretary Office、Executive Deputy Mayor of Beijing Municipal People's Government，Deputy Director and Director of the Institute of Law of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Deputy Dean of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Deputy Chairman of the Legal Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress，Deputy Chairman of the Legal Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress，As the chairman of the Chinese Law Society、President of the Chinese Political Society、Executive members of the International Constitutional Association。He participated in the 1954 Constitution、The drafting work of many important legal documents after the Constitution and reform and opening up in 1982，and made important contributions。

Zhang Youyu's lifetime belief in Marxism，It is advocated that legal research must adhere to Marxism -Leninism、Mao Zedong Thought is guided。His conscious use of Marxism's position、perspective and method analysis and study Chinese democracy、The actual situation of the construction of the rule of law，I wrote a large number of articles for the construction of socialist democratic legal system。Zhang Youyu's life is quite abundant，The works published and published include "Zhang Youyu Political Science theory", "Zhang Youyu Academic Essence Records" and "Selected by Zhangyou Fisheries" (upper and lower volumes), etc.。

Zhang Youyu is a famous jurist in my country、Journalist、Politicians and international experts。After Life，He always believes in Marxism unswervingly、Promote Marxism、Practice Marxism，Follow the Chinese Revolution、The pace of the era of construction and reform，Works, etc.，Works, etc.。Especially since the reform and opening up，He insists on guiding Marxism，Participate in national legislative work，Promoting the concept of modern rule of law，Research Law Theory，Write a large number of Marxist law articles and works，Make outstanding contributions to the development of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics。

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1899，Zhang Youyu was born in a poor talent family in Lingshi County, Shanxi Province。At that time，The Qing government's oil is exhausted，The country's wind and rain flutter。February 2, 1980，He recalled in the article "I am young"，At that time, the country was in danger、The "critical moment" of national danger "，"China is dangerous to be divided into"。So，He has been rolled into the vortex of the times since he was a child，I feel deeply worried about the fate of the nation and the future of the country，"Reading all kinds of books that reflect the trend of the times like hunger and thirst"。

National Difficulties，People with aspiring are looking for the road to save the rescue map，The theory of politics and trends of political science and thoughts emerged。Reading Kang Youwei、Liang Qichao's work，Zhang Youyu is inspired by improvedism，Start thinking about the road to save the country and the people。During the period of studying in the first normal school in Shanxi Province，He gradually accepted the revolutionary thoughts of Sun Yat -sen's Three Ministuria，and start contributing to the newspaper，I hope to reveal the darkness of society through the bet365 live casino games newspaper，Aware of the people to save people to save the nation's danger。

1919 May 4th Movement exploded，He was elected as the president of the Student Union of the First Normal School in Shanxi Province，Peng Zhen and others who are "Fu Yigong" with the current name "Fu Yigong" and others jointly organized the provincial student congress。Their belief in the Three People's Principles，Some are Marxists，But at this moment, they are comrades -in -arms who fight side by side for the country's rise and fall，Jobs of common generosity to tell the public The idea of ​​revolutionary revolutionary and democratic science。In the struggle，Zhangyou Fishing Logical Speech、The sincerity of the pursuit of truth was appreciated by Deng Chimin, a professor of the Shanxi French Government School。Under the introduction of Deng Chumin，Zhang Youyu joined the academic group of socialism，Start contact with Marxist theory，and often publish articles in the first issue of "Xinjue Road"，Promote new trends。

1923，Zhang Youyu was accepted by Beijing Law and Zheng University with the first place。During school，He often writes a critical warlord government in newspapers such as "World Daily" and "World Evening News"、Progressive Articles of Political Time of Politics。He is witnessed the reaction and cruelty of the Beiyang warlord to suppress the academic tide and the persecution progress newspaper，Small because of the sacrifice of my friends，Angry for the unjust authorities for the authorities，At the same time, I also fully felt the power of the text，It has strengthened the idea of ​​revolutionary the revolution with newspapers。Since then，He began to serve as an educational reporter in Shanghai at the same time、Hankou "Zhongshan Daily" reporter in Beijing and Beijing "Datong Evening News" editor，Critical reactionary rule through newspapers，Publicity freedom、Equality、Democratic Thought，Work hard to overthrow the old world。

In the unremitting pursuit of truth，Zhang Youyu gradually learned and accepted Marxism，and use it as a lifelong belief。In off -campus gatherings of the student patriotic and anti -emperor movement，He met Sheng Zhiquan, a member of the Beijing Secret Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China。April 28, 1927，Zhang Zuolin's warlord government brutally kills 20 revolutionaries led by Li Dazhao，White horror shrouded Beijing。In this extremely severe situation，Introduction to Zhangyou Yujing Sheng Zhiquan，Resolutely join the Communist Party of China。After the failure of the Great Revolution，The CPC Municipal Party Committee was destroyed due to traitors' beta，The heroic party members such as Sheng Zhiquan and other old party members made Zhang Youyu a huge shaking，The revolutionary will of his brave struggle is becoming more firm。Zhang Youyu insists on promoting the CCP's policy and policies in the "National Evening News"，Communication revolutionary thought。At the same time，Working for the united front of the Kuomintang upper -level people，and try to cover、Rescue members of the Communist Party of China。

From the end of 1930 to 1933，Under the arrangement of party organizations，Zhang Youyu three times to cross Japan，Investigate Japanese politics for the party organization、Economic and social conditions The task of studying the situation and problems of the Japanese Revolutionary Movement。One day，He bought a "Capital theory" at the old book stall，If you get the treasure，Reading overnight，Ruyao Irrigation。Since then，He learns Marxism -Leninism more deeply。The identity of the World Daily Reporter in Tokyo，He uses the legal position to transport his research results based on Marxist ideology to the domestic society，Continue to write social propaganda party policies，Display the evil of the Kuomintang reactionaries。

After returning to China in 1933，Zhang Youyu successively served as the main writer of the World Daily, "New Affairs News"、Professor of Yanyong University and other school professors and members of the rescue of parliament，Use newspapers and podiums to fight legal struggle。On the one hand，He continues to attack the Kuomintang government’s non -resistance policy against Japan，Display Chiang Kai -shek's fascist rule; on the other hand，He began to fully explain the social system from the point of view of Marxism、Class relations and other fundamental theoretical problems，Explain that the existence of the Communist Party of China is economical、Politics、The cause of society，Tell the reader implicitly with the means of class analysis，The emergence and development of the Communist Party is the inevitable development of social development，The reactionary rule of bet365 best casino games the exploitation class is overthrown, and it is a historical law。

From 1943，Zhang Youyu successively served as a member of the Xinhua Daily Social Committee、Agent editor -in -chief and president。He publishes the situation with the situation、Review，Publicity and implementation of the party's policy、Policy，Also write a miscellaneous text，Call of people who love the country to give up fantasy，Put forward the slogan "Only struggle can survive"，Make outstanding contributions to the victory of the New Democratic Revolution。

　　Constitution Exploration: "Give the people's rights to the people"

During the work of the anti -Japanese rescue work，Zhang Youyu thought in -depth thinking on the rise and fall of the country and the fate of the people。He increasingly discovered the significance of the constitution to a country，It is difficult for a country to recognize that the people's rights cannot be guaranteed to have true rich and strong。1939，For the Kuomintang's "Measures for Restricting Alien Party"，He led the Congress to fight for democracy、Guarantee human rights、The great democratic and political movement against the dictatorship，and unite the Democratic Party and non -parties to form the Democratic Political Registration Alliance。In the booklet of "Our Opinions on the Five -Year Constitution"，Zhang Youyu、Shen Junru、Zou Tao Fen and others target the Kuomintang's "Five -Year Five -Five Constitution"，Refuades one by one。

During this period，Zhang Youyu wrote a large number of articles about constitutional issues，Published in "The National Anti -Japanese War" edited by Zou Tao Fen，Published the monographs such as "Law and Constitution", "Democracy and Constitution"。He set off from the actual struggle at the time，A profound analysis and criticism of the Kuomintang's reactionary system and the theory of the wrong theory of the Kuomintang。He closely combines constitutional theory research with democratic politics，Think of the formulation of "true constitution"，strive for、Consolidate and develop democratic politics，Unremitting struggle with reactionary rule。His constitutional thought is democratic、rule of law、Human rights as key elements，Basic opinions with "protecting the right of people's rights as the main task of the Constitution"，Emphasize that only the constitutional constitution of democracy and democratic politics，It is possible to formulate a constitution that conforms to the fundamental interests of the people，thereby constructing "true rule of law"。These theories have strong combatability and progressive politics，Academic unique insights also have significant value。

After the victory of the Anti -Japanese War，The Kuomintang and the Communist Party develops peace talks。Experts as constitutional issues，Zhang Youyu was urgently transferred back to Chongqing by the Chongqing Working Committee of the Communist Party of China to assist in negotiation work。"Double Ten Agreement" after signing，Zhang Youyu still serves as a constitutional consultant of the Chinese Communist Party at the Constitution of the Communist Party of China at the Political Consultative Conference (historically called the "Old CPPCC Conference")。In the National Republican talks，The Communist Party united the democratic parties，Composition with the Kuomintang in the government、National University representative quota、A resolute struggle on the issue of the number of Democratic Party faction。The Kuomintang proposed that more than 50%of the number of representatives of the National University and government members，and the Communist Party of China、Democratic parties and non -party people do not exceed 50%unreasonable requirements。The Communist Party of China is opposed to this，After listening to Zhang Youyu's opinion，Ready to propose to the conference to add the clause to add "Everyone must pass by two -thirds of people must pass"，As a premise for concessions。Before officially proposed，Zhang Youyu arrived in Yan'an to report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China under the arrangement of Zhou Enlai，And Liu Shaoqi hosted the meeting and obtained the consent of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。That day，Mao Zedong did not attend the meeting due to physical discomfort，Let Zhang Youyu report to his cave where he lives at night。Mao Zedong asked the situation of the democratic parties with a strong Hunan accent，Zhang Youyu uses a strong Shanxi accent。In the conversation of "South Cascular and North Diversion" one night，Zhang Youyu provides extremely useful reference opinions for the party to make important decisions。

After the founding of New China，Zhang Youyu contributed to the process of participating in the formulation of multiple constitutions。1954，​​The bet365 live casino games start of the first new constitution in my country，Appointed by Peng Zhen，Zhang Youyu、Hu Rope、Qian Duan Sheng、Zhou Yisheng and others set up a group，Drafting the Constitution to provide opinions，Zhang Youyu serves as Deputy Secretary -General in the Drafting Committee，It made important efforts to formulate the first fundamental Dafa after the establishment of New China。

September 1980，The Constitution Modification Committee Establishs Secretariat，Hu Qiaomu is the secretary -general，Zhang Youyu、Hu Sheng, etc. as Deputy Secretary -General。At that time，Hu Qiaomu's body is very bad，Zhang Youyu will be entrusted to host the secretariat meeting。In the formulation process of the new constitution，He is always very serious and responsible，always adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts，Emphasizing the constitution should be consistent with the actual situation，Adapt to the need for the country，to effectively protect people's rights，Promote the development of socialist democracy and improve the socialist legal system。

"Eighty -two Constitution" was announced after the implementation，Zhang Youyu evaluated it as "the best constitution in our country"。He thinks，This constitution unifies the correct proposition of the party in the new period and the common will of the Chinese people，In particular, the "party leads the people to formulate laws，The Party Legal Relationship Principles of the Party in the Constitution and Legal Scope，It is from the actual、With Chinese characteristics、A good constitution that adapts to the new situation of socialist modernization。

Published in May 1984 in the article "Review of the New China Constitutional Work" in Law Research，Zhangyou Yu Congzhong Spirit、Basic principles and the effect of legal system construction，A comprehensive and objective analysis of the four constitutions since the "Common Program" and the founding of New China，Also summarized the work experience of participating in the formulation and modification of the constitution。How to formulate a perfect、The important question of the socialist constitution from actual China，He summarized three important experiences: first，Persist in the historical materialism theory of historical materialism、Starting from the actual situation of the social development stage，Combining the general principle of Marxism with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution and construction，The needs of every stage of the development of Chinese history。Second，Perseverance of adherence to principles and flexibility，Both the principles of democracy and the principles of socialism，Ensure the essential characteristics of the constitution of our country; and consider practical issues and objective conditions，Make sure the constitution is implemented smoothly。third，Promoting democracy，Take the mass line，Methods combined with the combination of leadership organs，From the formulation process of the Constitution to the content of the Constitution, you must adhere to the mass line，Scientifically presenting objective laws，Correctly reflect the interests of the masses。

The 1980s，The spring breeze of reform and opening up blows the land of Shenzhou，Resume sovereignty on Hong Kong and Macau officially on the agenda。The return of Hong Kong is a brilliant skill，Zhang Youyu of the year of the year was ordered to participate in the formulation of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region。Since the Drafting Committee of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in June 1985，During the drafting process of five years，Zhang Youyu has always used full patriotic enthusiasm、The spirit and rigorous and meticulous style of going all out，In Beijing、Guangzhou、Shenzhen、Hong Kong and other places to go back and forth to investigate，It has made important contributions to the country's legalization and implementation of the country's basic policies and policies in Hong Kong。Although he failed to see Hong Kong's return to his motherland in his lifetime，But he used a deep constitutional theory、Rich political experience，I have made important contributions to the great cause of this country。

　　Legal practice: "Make our socialist legal systembetter service for socialist modernization construction "

After the founding of New China，Judicial system and judicial ideology renovation is gradually expanded。From 1949，Zhangyou's fishing calendar is the executive deputy mayor of Beijing、Standing Committee member of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China、Deputy Secretary、Secretary of the Secretary Office，Director of the Legal Committee、Director of the Judicial Reform Bet365 lotto review Commission。During ten years in Beijing，He not only cares about the production and life of the people，Deliven to solve Beijing's law and order、Production、Education、Construction and improvement of people's life，And attaches great importance to the construction of the judicial system，Proposed to establish a jury、Collective mediation、Comrade Judgment Council、Tour trial、Court detained criminals、Proposal of many judicial systems such as lawyers，Provides theoretical basis for judicial reforms in Beijing and even the country。

After reform and opening up，Legal system construction Baiye is waiting for，Especially the legislative task is heavy and difficult。In this context，The central government gives full play to the best skills of Zhangyou Yu's law and rich judicial practice，He has appointed him as deputy chairman of the Legal Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress、Deputy Chairman of the Legal Committee of the National People's Congress and consultant of committees and committees。In legislative work，The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the Legislative Working Committee attaches great importance to and respects the opinions of Zhang Youyu，Chairman Peng Zhen often invites him to attend the chairman meeting，Listen to his opinions。In the "General Principles of the People's Republic of China Civil Law", "The People's Republic of China Administrative Procedural Law", "The People's Republic of China The Law of the People's Republic of China", "Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (trial)", "Law of the People's Republic of China", "People's Republic of China", "Law The formulation or amendment process of many laws such as foreign investment enterprises and foreign enterprises' income tax laws of foreign investment enterprises and foreign enterprises，The opinions of Zhang Youyu are greatly respected and valued。

In legislative work，Zhang You Yu is particularly concerned about the guarantee of the people's livelihood and the rights of the masses，He has penetrated into the grassroots many times，Participate in legislative investigation research and writing survey report。1983，The drafting work of the "Organization Law of the Villagers' Committee" in order to strengthen the construction of grass -roots democratic construction，Zhang Youyu led a large number of field surveys。During the drafting process，Is the township government and the villagers' committee or the most controversial question。For a long time，Rural Collective Organization has responsible for many work that the government should do，It is contrary to the "autonomy" nature established by the Constitution。Therefore, the draft is planned to position the township government and the village committee as a guidance relationship，Clarify the villagers' committee for the mass of the masses。But，At that time, many local cadres expressed strong opposition to this，It is believed that it will make it difficult for the important work of the local area to be difficult to implement。On the day of discussion discussed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress，Zhang Youyu did not attend the meeting due to illness，After listening to the secretary report at noon, I immediately went to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Peng Chong on the hospital bed、Wang Hanbin wrote a pro -letter。He pointed out in the letter，Change to "Leader" relationship violates the constitution，Requires to resolutely implement the constitutional principles，Different from the villagers' committee with the government，Make it truly a grass -roots mass autonomous organization; if it is still unable to obtain consensus、Reach consistency，So the Funing will not be able to change the nature of the village committee，Because this is the soul of the law。Final，"Villagers' Committee Organization Law (Trial)" passed at the end of 1987。Since then，Villagers' autonomy has become the vast and valuable test field of democracy and politics in my country，Farmers directly exercise political democratic rights and economic democratic rights at the grassroots level in my country to obtain strong legal guarantee，The vast number of rural areas are thus glowing new vitality and vitality。

After the founding of New China，Zhang Youyu has devoted a lot of hard blood for the construction of socialist legal system。He proposed，Legislation should start from the current actual actual situation，Clarify the anxiety before and after practical issues; the provisions should be brief and clear，Do not copy the copying and dead dogmatic dogs;、Thoughtful investigation research，Opinions of the people extensively for the people，Listen to different opinions in different aspects;，Real results，Unreprudibleism。These perspectives with the spirit of modern rule Bet365 lotto review of law and important theoretical value，It is still deeply significant for the current construction of a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics。

　Leading academic: "Forever defending Marxism in the field of law in our country"

1958，Under Dong Biwu's person，At that time, Zhang Youyu, the deputy director of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，The first director of the Institute of Law。He also serves as the vice president of the Chinese Political and Law Society。From this，He puts more energy into the organization work of law research and legal research，The development of the country's law has been greater、More direct impact。

"Cultural Revolution" period，Zhang Youyu has done underground work for a long time，UNOT of unfair treatment。Even if you are in adversity，Zhang Youyu still eliminates miscellaneous thoughts，Reading attentive，Get a moment of tranquility in Marxist -Leninism，At the same time, think about some major issues in the construction of socialist legal system。

After the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Zhang Youyu has begun to host the basic theory of law and major practical issues in the rule of law，His successively served as or concurrently the deputy dean of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Executive Member of the International Constitution Association、President of the Chinese Law Society、President of the Chinese Political Society and other positions，At the same time, he also serves as a postgraduate instructor of the Department of Law Department of Peking University、Graduate instructor of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences。Here，His "Several Issues About Socialist Legal System", "Learning New Constitution", "About the Reform of System Reform", "Reporting Literary Legal Issues" and other works have been published in succession。As a well -deserved legal authority and Thai Dou，His legal perspectives and academic concepts have had an extremely important impact on the Chinese legal community。

In the process of leading the development of Chinese legal theory，Zhang Youyu always adheres to the party's leadership through the theory of rule of law theory and the practice of socialist legal system。At the implementation level of the Constitution，Zhang Youyu emphasized，The strong leadership of the party is the fundamental guarantee that the Constitution can implement。He proposed，The Communist Party of China is the core force of leading the cause of socialist construction，No party leader，There is no socialist China，It is not to talk about formulating and implementing the constitution; in order to achieve the party's leadership，Organizations and party members at all levels of the party must take the constitution as the fundamental activity standard，Use action to ensure the implementation of the constitution。

In the nature and task of law，He proposed，Marxist law is the law of the proletariat with dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the theoretical guidance，It is based on the economic basis of socialist public ownership，For maintenance、Consolidate and develop socialist legal system，To ensure the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization until the final realization of communist services。

In the construction of the theory of legal theory with Chinese characteristics，He has a down -to -earth responsibility，There is a broad and open vision。He proposed，Socialism is the basic content of Chinese law，People's Democratic dictatorship is an important means to ensure the realization of socialism，Socialism and democracy are combined with each other，Unlimited; in terms of specific legislative methods，You need to follow the truth and see it、Starting from actual、Principles of the combination of the mass line and principles and flexibility。In terms of the absorption of legal culture，He advocates criticizing the essence of the legal heritage of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign legal heritage，Serving the construction of socialist legal system in my country; he advocates "Equality of everyone in front of the law"，I believe that although this slogan is proposed by the bourgeoisie，But only in a socialist country, it is possible to truly realize。

The legal theory of law in the legal community in the new period of the legal community for the relationship between the same law of the economic system reform，Zhang Youyu's point of view is based on the direction of the development of law。On the one hand，He always adheres to the perspective of the product developed to a certain stage of human society，It is believed that the law is developing and changing with the development of society，Therefore, the law and Marxist law of socialism should develop and improve with the steady development of the economic system; on the other hand,，He also believes that the Bet365 lotto review view of "legal universal" does not meet the objective laws of the development of things，The method is a tool for dealing with problems within a certain range，but not a tool for dealing with all problems。Seeking truth from facts is the fundamental point of Marxism，It is the Chinese Communist to know the world、The fundamental requirements of transforming the world，This is the working method and ideological perspective that Zhang Youyu always adheres to。

Questions in the study of the constitution and law of my country，He wrote a lot of articles and works，Analysis of theoretical results，Summary legislative experience。spring 1989，At the Legal Committee of the National People's Congress、Chinese Law Society、Chinese Political Society、At the 70th Anniversary Meeting of the Zhangyou Yu Academic Activity of the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Zhang Youyu shared his academic experience，Summary is: Ceremony Questions、Analysis Question、Evaluation Question、Treatment Question，It should be strived to use dialectical materialism、Methods of historical materialism; reform，Except the old cloth new，But you can't kill everything in the past，Instead, it is necessary to solve the specific problem; at the same time，Reform is not static，Instead, it is to be based on national conditions，Seeking truth from facts。

From the 1920s to the end of the 1980s，Zhang Youyu has been diligent in revolution、Construction and reform business battle。His life is simple，Wear a gray Zhongshan dress all year round，A pair of old cloth shoes on the feet，Dedication for the work of legal research and legal construction，Delicate，Wen Runqian，Never publicity。During guidance of law research work，Not only does he grasp the general direction of law research，and for decades to maintain diligence and hard work、Careful and responsible habits，Even if the task is heavy，It is also necessary to adhere to the publication of the Chinese Law of the Chinese Law Society "Chinese Law" and the Journal of Law Research "Law Research" to provide support。

experience of long -term participation in the practice of rule of law，Let him have a deeper understanding of legal research。He thinks，The task of legal researchers is to establish、Maintenance、Practice legal service，So I am studying learning、When publishing theory，Be sure to think deeply and start from objective actual actual situation，On the one hand, we must conduct in -depth investigations and research and study the facts，On the other hand, use rich、Comprehensive、Accurate information summary experience。He insists on implementing the party's "double hundred" policy，Advocate academic freedom and equality in front of the truth，Under any condition，Always adhere to the concept of academic tolerance，Established a good example in the legal community，Inspired the law of the legal person to work hard for the rule of law of the rule of law with Chinese characteristics。

　(The author is the secretary of the Party Committee of the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of International Law、Director of Xi Jinping's Rule of Rule of Rule of Rule of Law; Deputy Editor -in -chief of the "Global Legal Review" of the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)